Finanzas y Negocios Internacionales
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Item Optimizacion de logistica integral para potenciar MIPYMES manufactureras en Cali en comparacion con ingenio azucarero Manuelita(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Catuche Mamian, Leidy Xiomara; Salazar Cuevas, Kevin Andres; Moreno Gutiérrez, Tutor Alfredo (Director)This descriptive study is carried out by means of a bibliographical review, having as object of study the models of supply chain, supply chain and logistic processes currently used by manufacturing companies, taking into account the Manuelita Sugar Mill and the micro and small enterprises in the manufacturing sector. The overall objective is to analyze the integrated logistics strategies used in MiPymes manufacturing in Cali compared with supply logistics of the Manuelita sugar mill to identify opportunities for improvement that will optimize efficiency and competitiveness. The present work is a descriptive proposal, in which operational phenomena are identified through observation to establish causes and effects on opportunities for improvement within the logistics management of SMEs in the country’s production chain. As a result, it has been identified that MiPymes manufacturing in Cali, in contrast to the operational logistics of Ingenio Azucarero Manuelita, face challenges in the proper management of costs and delivery times and in the implementation of performance indicators, as well as the adoption of Tics in the supply chain, the expansion of global trends and the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility policies.Item El impacto de las Fintech de financiamiento en las Pymes de Cali: Una revisión bibliográfica crítica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Chiquito Varon, Karen Stephanie; Sanchez Campos, Nathalia; Muriel Garcia, Jhon Sebastian; Maldonadio Vasquez, Maritza Adriana (Directora)This review article examines the financing mechanisms available to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the city of Cali, with particular emphasis on the transformative role of financial technologies (Fintech). Based on the analysis of secondary sources—such as academic articles, technical reports, and statistical databases—it identifies the main structural barriers that hinder SMEs’ access to credit, as well as the strategic importance of financing for their sustainability, growth, and competitiveness. The review highlights how Fintech companies have disrupted the financial ecosystem with innovative proposals offering more affordable, flexible, and agile solutions compared to those provided by traditional financial institutions. These platforms have not only facilitated access to credit for businesses with low levels of financial inclusion or limited credit history, but have also promoted financial inclusion, streamlined evaluation and disbursement processes, and significantly reduced operational costs. Furthermore, the potential of these technologies to transform the local business environment is analyzed, encouraging the development of more democratic financing models tailored to the real needs of the sector. This analysis provides valuable insights for entrepreneurs, support organizations, and policymakers, emphasizing the need to strengthen a regulatory framework that supports innovation without compromising financial system stability. Taken together, the study lays the groundwork for designing strategies that promote equitable access to digital financing and foster a more dynamic, resilient, and inclusive business environment.Item Sostenibilidad e innovación en la industria textil: Estrategias para el posicionamiento de marca en el comercio internacional.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Durán Valencia, Isabella; Londoño Cardozo, José (Director)Thetextile industry has historically served as a major economic and cultural driver, evolving into a highly competitive global sector. However, its rapid expansion, fuelled by the fast fashion model, has led to significant environmental and social consequences, raising new challenges for sustainability. This paper offers a reflection on the relationship between sustainability, innovation, and brand positioning strategies within the international fashion trade. Using a qualitative methodology based on academic literature, institutional reports, and case studies, it examines current production practices, mass consumption patterns, textile waste management, and initiatives towards sustainable business models. The analysis shows that embracing responsible practices can enhance brand competitiveness, although structural barriers related to costs, demand shifts, and infrastructure limitations persist. Key strategic factors identified include supply chain traceability, production transparency, sustainable marketing, and technological innovation as critical to embedding sustainability into core business operations. The paper also explores the effects of the sustainability movement on major fast fashion-exporting countries and the tensions between economic growth and environmental stewardship. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on the role of green bonds, the impact of industrial protectionism, and the need for deeper understanding of consumer behaviour. The findings highlight that sustainability is no longer merely an ethical expectation but an essential requirement for the survival and competitiveness of textile companies within a transforming global market.Item Estudio de la viabilidad del mercado español en la ciudad de Madrid para la exportación de maní de la empresa Andes Alimentos S.A.S. ubicada en el municipio de Yumbo Valle del Cauca para el año 2024 .(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Muñoz Martínez, Daniela; Naranjo Puentes, Sergio Steven; García Robles, Alexander; Alvarez Giraldo, Jose Elver (Director)This study analyzes the feasibility of exporting processed peanuts from Colombia to the Spanish market, specifically to the city of Madrid, through the company Andes Alimentos SAS, in response to the growing demand for healthy foods in Europe. Andes Alimentos SAS is a microenterprise dedicated to the processing and commercialization of healthy peanut-based snacks, with its operations based in Yumbo, a municipality in the Colombian department of Valle del Cauca. The main objective is to determine whether Madrid is a viable and accessible market for the export of salted peanuts from Valle del Cauca. This study examined strategic factors such as demand, regulatory and quality requirements, as well as competition in the Spanish market. The scope of the study was limited to the city of Madrid, which may affect the generalization of the results. The methodology used combines qualitative and quantitative methods, employing surveys, interviews, literature reviews, and both primary and secondary data sources. The results show that exporting peanuts is not only feasible but also offers new opportunities for other microenterprises and SMEs in Colombia, boosting the country's economic growth and creating jobs.Item Impacto de los conflictos globales en el comercio internacional de Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026) Benavides Batalla, Luyssa Fernanda; Gonzales Clavijo, Daniel Antonio (Director)This research analyzes the impact of global conflicts on Colombia’s international trade, focusing on imports, exports, and the resilience of supply chains. The study aims to contextualize how geopolitical tensions and wars, such as the Russia–Ukraine conflict, have affected Colombia’s trade balance, logistics operations, and economic stability. It is a non experimental and analytical study based on official reports and secondary data sources from institutions such as the DNP, UNCTAD, ProColombia, and Infobae, complemented with documentary and comparative analysis. The findings reveal that Colombia’s external sector shows high vulnerability due to its dependence on imported strategic inputs and the concentration of its exports in a few key products. Likewise, global crises have generated disruptions in maritime logistics, increased freight costs, and exposed structural weaknesses in national infrastructure. However, the study identifies adaptation strategies implemented by Colombian companies— such as market diversification, replacement of international suppliers, promotion of sustainable logistics, and the development of intermodal infrastructure—that contribute to strengthening resilience and competitiveness in an increasingly volatile global trade environment.Item Estudio analítico sobre la internacionalización y sostenibilidad de las PYMES textiles de Medellín en el contexto de la Alianza del Pacifico(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Charry Osorio, Jeinny Viviana; Tobar Cifuentes, Tatiana; Andrade Agudelo, Doris Lilia (Directora)This study analyzes the challenges and opportunities faced by textile SMEs in Medellín during their internationalization process, emphasizing the importance of strengthening their economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Through a bibliographic review of data base, The research identified financial, operational, and commercial strategies that can enhance their competitiveness in global markets, particularly within the framework of the Pacific Alliance. The main findings revealed that adopting advanced technologies, implementing sustainable practices, and participating in collaborative networks are critical to overcoming structural and operational barriers. The study concludes by highlighting the need for public policies to facilitate access to credit, promote innovation, and support internationalization, enabling these companies to establish themselves as significant players in global trade.Item El rol del sector bancario colombiano frente a la crisis financiera global de 2008(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026) Álvarez Portocarrero, Diana Camila; Quiñones Valencia, Emily; Bolaños García, Carlos Esteban (Director)The objective of this study was to analyze how the banking industry in Colombia contributed to mitigate the effects on the country of the global financial crisis of 2008, caused by the real estate bubble in the United States. through a mixed research, both descriptive and documentary, secondary sources of specialized academic bases were examined. First, we contextualize the global economic environment and the factors that led to the 2008 financial crisis, based on the US real estate bubble. Second, the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on the Colombian market is determined and, third, strategies and actions implemented by the Colombian banking sector to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis are identified. The results showed that the 2008 crisis was a consequence of interrelated factors, such as the expansion of subprime mortgages, financial speculation and deregulation of the US market. However, the impact in Colombia was moderate due to the strength of the banking system, strengthening prudential regulation and timely action by the Bank of the Republic through monetary and exchange rate policies that helped preserve macroeconomic stability and market confidence.Item Importación de pañales para adultos mayores desde Alemania hacia Colombia: revisión documental del mercado, la cadena logística y la viabilidad económica (2019-2024)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026) Martínez Torres, Camila Alejandra; López Solano, Claudia Marcela (Directora)Population ageing in Colombia and the high proportion of older adults in Germany have increased the demand for incontinence care products, shaping a Colombian market that is growing but still expensive and poorly segmented. This review aims to synthesize academic, market and regulatory evidence published between 2019 and 2024 on the feasibility of importing adult diapers from Germany to Colombia, integrating demographic, commercial, logistics and financial information. A documentary review was carried out in specialized databases (IMARC Group, Grand View Research, Statista) and institutional sources (Ministry of Trade, European Commission, INVIMA, DIAN, VUCE), complemented with technical chapters from the original degree project. Findings indicate: (a) an underserved domestic market in higher-performance segments; (b) a German supply with superior sanitary and environmental standards; (c) a tariff window derived from the EU–Colombia agreement; and (d) high sensitivity to freight and exchange rate, although NPV and IRR remain positive in the base scenario. It is concluded that importing is feasible provided the first entry is through the institutional channel and all INVIMA–DIAN–VUCE procedures are completed beforehand.Item Análisis de la brecha de genero en la inclusión financiera en Colombia (2018-2024). Una revisión documental(2026) Ordoñez Aristizábal, Julián Camilo; Álvarez Hernández, Keila; Cuero Payan, Saidy; López Solano, Claudia Marcela (Directora)This document review analyzes the gender gap in financial inclusion in Colombia (2018-2024), a key issue for economic progress and equity, especially for women in rural and low-income settings. Using a descriptive, mixed-method approach based on the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) model, the study identifies technological, educational, sociocultural, and structural barriers. The synthesis of academic and institutional sources reveals that, despite increased ownership of financial products among women, significant obstacles persist. These include informal employment, lack of financial education, the digital divide, and gender stereotypes. Closing this gap requires gender-focused public policies, enhanced regional financial literacy, and financial products tailored to women's circumstances to achieve equitable and sustainable inclusion in Colombia's financial system.Item Estrategias para la implementación de programas en bienestar, seguridad y salud en el trabajo.(2025) Isáziga Dávila, Alejandro; Cerón Ojeda, María Paula; Tello García, Alejandro; Vanegas Casalllas, Omar Hernán (Director)This research article aims to analyze and compare the procurement management processes of multinational companies with a presence in Colombia, evaluating how they adapt to local conditions and how these adaptations affect their efficiency and sustainability. The study adopted a qualitative approach, using document analysis to review the organizational charts and international procurement management processes of the selected companies. The results show that most multinationals implement centralized procurement strategies to reduce costs and improve efficiency. However, many of these companies adapt their processes to the Colombian context through flexible policies that prioritize local suppliers and adjust to market conditions. Furthermore, a growing focus on sustainability and social responsibility in procurement decisions was identified, driven both by local regulations and consumer demand. The study also highlights significant challenges such as economic volatility, exchange rate fluctuations, and compliance with local regulations, which affect the planning and execution of procurement management. The study concludes that, while multinationals operate under centralized strategies to optimize their procurement, adaptation to the local environment in Colombia is crucial for maintaining competitiveness. Additionally, focusing on sustainability and managing economic and regulatory challenges are essential factors for improving the effectiveness of their procurement processes.Item Desafíos para la exportación del aguacate hass colombiano en el mercado francés(2025) Muñoz León, Miguel Ángel; Rosero López, Valeria; Andrade Angulo, Doris Lilia (Directora)Internationalization has become increasingly necessary and important for companies, as it serves as a means of expansion, diversification, and increased competitiveness. Over the years, Colombia has become one of the leading producers of Hass avocados worldwide. However, multiple barriers prevent it from expanding its product to new strategic markets and limit the competitiveness of Colombian producing companies in international markets, such as the French market. This study identifies the internal and external challenges that hinder the export of Colombian Hass avocados to the French market. Although exports are made, these obstacles limit their growth. It also analyzes consumption trends for the fruit in this market and its import trends from Colombia. The analysis will be conducted through a document review to identify the main factors hindering the expansion of Colombian products in this market. It also identifies opportunities to strengthen their positioning within the market. Finally, from a general perspective, the main challenge in Hass avocado exports lies in the intense competition in international markets. As its popularity and demand grow worldwide, more countries and producers are entering this market, forcing exporters to implement various strategies to differentiate themselves and consolidate their position in the industry.Item Análisis de la viabilidad de internacionalización del vino de uva Isabella del Valle del Cauca hacia el mercado europeo(2025) Arrechea Bonilla, Juan Sebastián; Salazar Zapata, Juan Camilo; Lopez Solano, Claudia Marcela (Directora); Brunal Obregon, Alvaro Manuel (Director)This research analyzes the feasibility of internationalizing Isabella grape wine from Valle del Cauca to the European market, considering economic, logistical, regulatory, and cultural factors that influence this process. Through a mixed approach combining documentary analysis and market studies, the competitiveness of the Colombian product is examined in a highly demanding and traditional sector. Results reveal that while Isabella grape wine has distinctive organoleptic characteristics and potential as a niche product, there are significant challenges related to European quality standards, regulatory barriers, and consumer perception of non-traditional wines. The study identifies Spain, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands as markets with greater entry potential, considering variables such as openness to new products, presence of Latin American communities, and logistical facilities. It is evident that internationalization viability depends on strategies focused on differentiation, adaptation to regulations, building specialized distribution channels, and developing a narrative that values the product's originality. Finally, the paper proposes a gradual penetration model, starting with European markets more receptive to wine innovations and taking advantage of existing trade agreements between Colombia and the European Union.Item Estrategias para la implementación de programas en bienestar, seguridad y salud en el trabajo(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Enriquez Villota, Brenda Valentina*; Ramírez Muñoz, Ashley Mariana**; Rengifo Perlaza, Mauricio Raúl*; Norato Hernandez, Francy Liliana (Directora)This article identifies key strategies for implementing workplace well-being, safety, and health programs, highlighting their relevance in promoting a healthy and productive work environment. The focus is on innovative and effective methods to improve employees' quality of life while strengthening organizational outcomes. The research, which is non-experimental in nature, includes a narrative review of the literature, considering studies published between 2019 and 2024 in recognized databases such as ProQuest, SciELO, and Scopus. The results show that initial planning, active employee participation, workplace flexibility, investment in mental health, and the development of a positive organizational culture are critical factors for the success of these programs. Additionally, the main challenges include a lack of resources and leadership in certain sectors, as well as the need for sustainable and personalized strategies. The study highlights that organizations prioritizing employee well-being generate a positive impact on their human and social development while strengthening their sustainability and competitivenessItem La negociación colectiva en las organizaciones desde una perspectiva teórica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Sanchez Rivas, Karen Eugenia; Bernal Corrales, Danna Milena; Muñoz Rivas, Laura Tatiana; Duque Ceballos, Jose Luis (Director)The administrative management of organizational conflicts in the recent history of Colombia has resulted in a bleak outlook for most Colombian workers, since they have been violated by internal problems in their companies established for their development, international business and the delivery of benefits to certain actors who are political influencers in their region. Having the effect of protests, demonstrations and violence within the organizations. With the objective of describing the role of collective bargaining in organizations from a theoretical perspective, a documentary review was carried out which allowed knowing the scope of collective bargaining within organizations, highlighting that in the results obtained, this type of resolution of conflicts is a very useful tool for dealing with coexistence in organizations.Item Oportunidades para las micro y pequeñas empresas en el marco de la cuarta revolución industrial: evidencia empírica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Caldas Baltan, Kewing Miguel; Bravo Garcia, Saulo (Director)The central purpose of the research is to determine the opportunities for micro, small and medium sized Colombian companies in the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Throughout the work, a theoretical presentation is made, as well as context analysis and statistical information related to the main theme. I4.0 represents a transformation of production, distribution, consumption systems and greater connectivity and access to information networks, for which the main characteristics of each of the components of this technological revolution are exposed, such as: artificial intelligence, Internet of things, big data, business intelligence, among others, in the same way the main difficulties faced by MSMEs both in Latin America and in Colombia are outlined, the challenges and opportunities that are expected with the technological transformations that will take place in the next 25 years. The focus of the work is mainly descriptive and exploratory, since it is a very recent topic and of which there is little research in the region, mainly focused on case studies rather than on a general characterization and impact of this technology in the business environment.Item “Análisis de mercado sobre las huertas urbanas en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali”(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Estrella Obregón, Gissell; Gonzalez Fajardo, Sandra Liliana; Mondragón Gahona, Christian Camilo; Gonzalez Clavijo, Daniel Antonio (Director)This market analysis on Urban Vegetable Gardens is carried out in the municipality of Santiago de Cali, as part of a sustainable economy strategy. Santiago de Cali, as part of a sustainable economy strategy. It starts with an assessment of the existing problem and examines the current situation through surveys, research and analysis of the results. Urban agriculture represents an opportunity to improve the food supply, Urban agriculture represents an opportunity to improve food supply, gardens are increasingly important in terms of food sovereignty, the population of Cali has the right to define its own sustainable policies and strategies for Small and medium sized production in urban gardens, given the absence of chemicals, is an option, in addition to generating employment and therefore income, thus creating food security, social relations, social transformation and care for the environment. This project examines and analyzes the current conditions of urban agriculture in Cali and its articulation In Cali and its articulation in the city to identify the commercial viability in the city. And taking into account the results of this project, for the majority of respondents, one of the main reasons for theItem El comercio internacional como impulsador para el cumplimiento del objetivo de desarrollo sostenible número 8 (ods 8).(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Carabalí Arango, Natalia; Hernandez Varga, Stefania; Giraldo García, Yisel; Romo Londoño, Herliz Juliana (Director)Within the framework of this research, Sustainable Development Goal number 8 (SDG# 8), which focuses on economic development and Decent Employment, will be explored in detail, estimating a fundamental role performance in the context of foreign trade and, therefore, in Latin America's ongoing process towards an appreciably sustainable development. To fully understand its importance in the region, it is crucial to delve into three key areas that are essential to achieve the overall objectives associated with strengthening sustainable growth; they are mainly described in depth and detail in the need for decent employment and economic development, organizational practices implemented as models for global monitoring and development strategies in the optimization and effectiveness of safe outcomes for the application of a local context, where it is expected to provide a comprehensive perspective that can lead to decision makers and relevant stakeholders in the region towards a more prosperous and equitable future.Item ¿Qué tan exitoso ha sido el modelo de franquicias en la internacionalización empresarial en Colombia?(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Acuña Dorado, Karol Julieth; Hoyos Herrera, Juan Pablo; Arenas Calderon, Laura Camila; Vanegas Casallas, Omar Hernan (Director)The objective of this article is to analyze how some Colombian companies have executed the franchise model at a global level, and allowed themselves to obtain business success, taking into account that it is a prevailing factor in the development of the organization, when making the decision to internationalize through flexible, innovative strategies consistent with business objectives. In this way, the research will show the effectiveness of this model, highlighting the general benefits and disadvantages; relevant strategies implemented in the sector, and an analysis in the business context. It should be noted that the study includes companies already established and successful in this model; concluding that to achieve a transcendental internationalization, a strategic direction must be taken with each of the various internal and external dimensions of the company, to strengthen competitiveness in the international market, allowing the integrality in the commercial, administrative and human tasks.Item Efectos de la apertura económica en la producción de papa en Colombia como consecuencia del TLC con la unión europea en el periodo 2015-2019(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Cuero Ramírez, Ingrid Masury; España Pabón, Katherine; Santander Acevedo, Faiver Andrés; Diaz Grajales, Carmen Alicia (Director)The objective of this research is to study the effects of economic openness on potato production in Colombia as a consequence of the FTA with the European Union during the 2015 2019 period, through the type of descriptive study which consists of the collection and interpretation of the information of the papero sector, with which it is intended to describe the characteristics of the production and the potato market in Colombia, analyze the behavior of commercial transactions of the potato between Colombia and the European Union and determine the degree of affectation in the potato production using the deductive method. Finally, with the result of the previous objectives, it is necessary to implement new alternatives for the export of potatoes and thus improve their processes (Training, Technology, Cultivation, Harvest and Marketing) allowing the industrialization of the sector.Item Gestión del riesgo cambiario para la toma de decisiones corporativas(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Atehortua Cardona, Einer Stuart; Hinestroza Riascos, Jhon Edwin; Ruiz Camargo, Rodolfo (Director)In this review article, a compilation of secondary bibliographic sources is presented with which it is intended to deeply analyze exchange rate risk and its effective management as an essential component in the corporate decision-making process. Fundamental concepts from different authors were analyzed, and then address them in such a way that they are fully understood, useful tools for risk management are reviewed, a couple of business cases are presented where the management of exchange risk is evident. Subsequently, a discussion of the topic is presented where it is evident how important exchange risk management is to achieve financial stability in organizations, emphasizing how this should be directly contemplated in the financial planning of organizations. Finally, we conclude on the importance of managing exchange risk in the current environment, using hedging strategies and incorporating financial derivatives as means to mitigate risk exposure.