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Análisis metataxonómico de corales Pocillopora damicornis sanos y blanqueados del arrecife La Azufrada del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Chilo Becoche, Yulieth Yised; Velásquez Velasco, Cindy Johana; González Vargas, Iván Andrés (Director)
Coral bleaching occurs when corals lose their colors due to stressors and expel their symbiont algae (Symbiodiniaceae) that live in the tissue exposing the calcareous skeleton. With bleaching, the symbiotic microbes may exhibit changes in their communities. This is due to the alteration of the relationship between the coral and Symbiodiniaceae, affecting the coral balance due to stress. In this study, the bacterial communities associated with Pocillopora damicornis coral were analyzed with samples from 9 healthy and 9 bleached corals from La Azufrada reef on Gorgona Island using high-throughput sequencing to determine whether the bacterial community underwent changes when bleaching occurred in an isolated event. Physicochemical parameters of the water surrounding the corals indicated that nitrate and ammonium were at levels slightly higher than what is suggested as ideal for aquatic life. Alpha and beta diversity analyses indicated by Wilcoxon test and PERMANOVA that there were no significant differences between coral conditions. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Rhodobacteraceae, Prevotellaceae, Prevotella and Fusobacterium showed slightly higher abundance in bleached corals than in healthy corals. Network analysis indicated that bacterial interactions in bleached coral were more complex, Endozoicomes presented more exclusion associations. Functional prediction showed that functions related to nitrogen cycling decreased with bleaching. This study revealed that the bacterial microbiota remained stable during an isolated coral bleaching event in the Pocillopora damicornis corals of La Azufrada reef during a bleaching event.
Análisis de la relación entre la composición del microbioma del suelo y la producción de cannabinoides segura y óptima en cultivos de Cannabis: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Álvarez Bedoya, Wilson Fabián; González Vargas, Iván Andrés (Director)
Cannabinoid production in Cannabis sativa has sparked growing interest in the pharmaceutical, scientific, and social fields due to its multiple therapeutic applications. Cannabis cultivation is closely influenced by the soil microbiome, a set of microorganisms that coexist in the rhizosphere and can modulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as cannabinoids. This work analyzed various studies using the PRISMA methodology to evaluate how bacterial and fungal communities interact with secondary metabolite pathways. The relationship was dominated by the presence of microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and members of the Acidobacteria phylum, as well as fungi from the Ascomycota phylum, which contribute to improving nutrient availability, inducing stress tolerance, and promoting the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. However, the impact of these microorganisms may depend on various environmental factors, which could generate variability in their effects. The sources used included academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, and ScienceDirect, prioritizing peer-reviewed literature. The results confirm that the composition of the soil microbiome significantly influences the quality and safety of cannabis-derived products, suggesting the need for further research to enhance their use in cannabinoid production.
Extracción de compuestos fitoquímicos de Tradescantia zebrina y de Juglans neotropica mediante combinación de microextracción en fase sólida y un dispositivo de disco rotatorio
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Polo Osorio, Edgar Allan; López Parra, Lizbeth Lorena (Directora); Ríos Acevedo, John Jairo (Director)
In this research, a novel technique was applied to separate phytochemicals based on the combination of Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) and a rotary disk device (Rotating Disk Sorptive Extraction - RDSE), on the Juglans neotropica (walnut) and Tradescantia zebrina (Panamanian) plants. In order to find the phytochemicals of these plants, the analysis method of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used. Thus, the methodology used consisted of first finding out the situable solvent, which corresponding to the principles of green chemistry, that is, ecological, and second, probing the optimal extraction conditions, specifically: temperature, agitation and time. Therefore, the solvents tryed out were: ethanol, methanol, water and mixtures of ethanol-water and methanol-water. The leachates of both plants were obtained in methanol as a suitable solvent, in 60 minutes, 40°C and 600 rpm. In such leachates the main components for Juglans neotropica were: juglone, neophytadiene and farnesene; and the main components, for Tradescantia zebrina were: neophytadiene and phytol. Regarding the extraction with SPME, methanol-water (70-30) was better as a suitable solvent, also in 60 minutes, 40°C and 600 rpm, with which, for Juglans neotropica, the following were extracted: nerolidol, phytol, geranil acetone, caryophyllene, squalene, beta elemene and palmitic acid. For Tradescantia zebrina, the following were extracted: nerylacetone, neophytadiene, squalene, methyl linoleate, methyl linolenate and palmitic acid. Finally, Juglans neotropica and Tradescantia zebrina were used for a preliminary test of biological activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, verifying that no antimicrobial activity was produced. The fundamental contribution of this work is the information obtained from the application of the combination of RDSE-SPME-GC-MS on Juglans neotropica and Tradescantia zebrina.
Efectos toxicológicos de los alcaloides tropánicos en Brugmansia spp. Y atropa belladona: una revisión sistemática desde la perspectiva farmacológica y su uso tradicional
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-24) Realpe Oviedo, Alejandra; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director)
The toxicity of tropane alkaloids in Brugmansia spp. and Atropa belladonna constitutes a public health concern due to their high potency and multiple exposure routes, ranging from accidental poisoning to recreational and criminal uses. The study was conducted as a systematic review under PRISMA guidelines, based on a search of academic databases between 2010 and 2025. Approximately 60 scientific articles were identified and evaluated using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Terms related to toxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, ritual uses, medical applications, and social repercussions were used, which allowed for the collection of clinical, experimental, and ethnobotanical evidence. The scientific literature was analyzed to characterize their toxicological effects, pharmacological profiles, and traditional uses. The results showed that Brugmansia spp. Atropa belladonna had predominantly ritual and shamanic use in AndeanAmazonian communities, while Atropa belladonna had a broader cultural distribution, with medicinal, cosmetic, and ritual applications. In both plants, the tropane alkaloids scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine were associated with analgesic, antispasmodic, and hallucinogenic properties, but also with severe poisonings characterized by anticholinergic syndrome. Accidental poisonings, especially in children, as well as recreational and criminal uses related to scopolamine were documented. It was concluded that the loss of specialized traditional knowledge on the safe handling of these plants has aggravated their toxicological risk in modern contexts. The need to integrate this ancestral knowledge with public health strategies, such as education, regulation, and clinical training, to manage their toxicity and safely harness their pharmacological potential is highlighted.
Comparación de efectos adversos, seguridad y eficacia del CBD y los AINEs, como meloxicam y ketoprofeno en el manejo del dolor agudo en perros postquirúrgicos: revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-13) Murcia Gómez, Daniela; Correa Toro, Nelson William (Director)
Overcoming insufficient analgesia in canine postoperative care requires rigorously quantifying the benefit-risk ratio of cannabidiol compared to meloxicam and ketoprofen. This systematic review evaluates pain using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale and the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CMPS-SF and CBPI), analgesic rescue, and hepatorenal safety, which supports its relevance in veterinary medicine. Forty-five studies were included in which meloxicam showed consistent pain reduction at 24–48 h and lower rescue, with moderate overall certainty; ketoprofen showed transdermal bioavailability ≈7% and attenuation of inflammation, although with limited clinical outcomes (low certainty); the only post-TPLO canine RCT with CBD/CBDA (2–5 mg/kg/12 h for 4 weeks) did not demonstrate clinically relevant benefit, while mechanistic signals suggest sedation and possible opioid savings without sustained analgesia, in a context of elevated ALP/ALT, especially when co-administered with NSAIDs. Heterogeneity between isolates, full-spectrum extracts, and vehicle matrices conditioned early exposure and explains part of the imprecision of the effect. In applied terms, meloxicam is positioned as a pillar of multimodal protocols with regional anesthesia; transdermal ketoprofen emerges as an alternative when gastrointestinal risk limits the oral route; and CBD is reserved as an adjuvant under monitoring and in clinical research.