Repositorio Institucional
Universidad Santiago de Cali
Communities
Select a community to browse its collections.
Documentos Autoarchivo USC
Recent Submissions
Más allá de los resultados hormonales: Revisión sistemática de la variabilidad clínica y los errores más comunes al diagnosticar hipotiroidismo canino
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-05) Ruiz Torres, Isabella; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)
Canine hypothyroidism is one of the most frequently diagnosed endocrinopathies in veterinary practice; however, its identification remains a challenge due to the wide clinical variability and the influence of multiple factors that can alter hormonal parameters without reflecting primary thyroid disease. This systematic review aimed to analyze the main biases and errors affecting the diagnostic interpretation of hypothyroidism in dogs, considering both the biological variability and the methodological limitations of studies published between 2020 and 2025. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines. Original studies in English or Spanish that used thyroid hormone tests and described diagnostic criteria applied in clinical canine populations were included. The results revealed heterogeneity in study designs, analytical methodologies, and criteria used to define hypothyroidism. The most frequent biases included non-random selection of animals referred for nonspecific signs, lack of confirmation through complementary tests (e.g., free T4 by equilibrium dialysis), and insufficient control for confounding factors such as systemic diseases, glucocorticoid use, breed variations, or the influence of metabolic status. Inconsistencies were also identified in hormonal measurement methods and in the references used to interpret total T4, free T4, and canine TSH. Overall, the evidence demonstrates that overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis stem primarily from exclusive reliance on individual parameters, isolated interpretation of clinical signs, and the absence of standardized diagnostic protocols. The need to adopt integrated diagnostic approaches and improve methodological quality to reduce variability and increase diagnostic accuracy in veterinary practice is emphasized.
Técnicas analíticas para la identificación de materia prima farmacéutica ilegal: una revisión
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-12) Martinez Andrade, Mabel Yurani; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto (Director)
The presence of illegal, adulterated, or substandard pharmaceutical raw materials represents a significant risk to public health, as it can affect the quality, safety, and efficacy of medicines. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the main analytical techniques used for their identification in the pharmaceutical field. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted, following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, considering publications from 2020 to 2025. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the most relevant studies related to analytical methods in quality control. The results show that techniques such as HPLC, GC, FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR, and mass spectrometry are widely used for the identification and detection of adulterations in pharmaceutical raw materials. Furthermore, it was found that the combined use of these techniques yields more reliable results. In conclusion, the proper implementation of analytical techniques, along with the strengthening of quality controls and health regulations, contributes to better detection of non-conforming raw materials, promoting patient safety and the quality of medicines.
Tecnologías para la autenticación y trazabilidad de empaques farmacéuticos: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-02) Serna Rosas, Anderson David; Restrepo Zapаta, Jorge Humberto (Director)
The counterfeiting of medicines and the adulteration of pharmaceutical packaging is a growing public health and safety problem, associated with the infiltration of counterfeit products into legitimate supply chains. This phenomenon is related to counterfeiters' ability to copy packaging, labels, identification codes, and traceability systems, jeopardizing the quality, efficacy, and safety of medicines. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on emerging authentication and traceability technologies applied to pharmaceutical packaging. This involved a comparative analysis of studies addressing blockchain, RFID, NFC, QR codes, GS1 systems, photoluminescent materials, smart inks, physically non-clonable functions (PUFs), artificial intelligence, and mobile verification platforms. The included studies showed a marked trend toward the integration of multi-layered digital and physical technologies to strengthen the security of primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging. Systems based on blockchain, smart contracts, and IoT demonstrated a high capacity to ensure traceability, logistical transparency, and the detection of deviations or alterations in documentation. At the same time, advanced optical technologies such as fluorescent inks, photoluminescent materials, SPN microdots, dynamic QR codes, and PUF systems demonstrated high resistance to cloning, scan-reprinting, and sophisticated visual counterfeiting. On the operational side, both portable multispectral inspection technologies and NFC/QR mobile authentication applications have emerged as useful complementary tools for agile verification at consumer, customs, and regulatory checkpoints. In this regard, the coordinated integration of physical, digital, and regulatory systems represents a fundamental axis for strengthening the pharmaceutical supply chain and reducing the circulation of counterfeit medicines.
Revisión sistemática sobre la influencia del conocimiento y de la percepción del riesgo en la adquisición de medicamentos falsificados, subestándar o no regulados en la población adulta
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-02) Chavez Largo, Luz Adriana; Restrepo Zapаta, Jorge Humberto (Director)
The consumption of counterfeit, substandard, or unregulated medicines represents a significant problem due to the risks associated with their use and the conditions that facilitate their acquisition. The objective of this study was to analyze the available scientific evidence on the knowledge and perceptions of the adult population regarding these types of medicines, observing how this knowledge and risk perception influence the acquisition of medicines. A systematic literature review was conducted, including 16 studies selected from various databases, applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies were analyzed comparatively, considering variables related to the level of knowledge, risk perception, factors associated with acquisition, and contextual differences. The results showed that, although a significant proportion of the population recognizes the existence of counterfeit medicines and their risks, this knowledge is generally superficial and does not allow for their identification in practice. Furthermore, risk perception, while present, does not act as a sufficient deterrent. It was identified that the acquisition of these medications is primarily influenced by factors such as cost, access, availability, and the use of unregulated channels, especially the internet. It was concluded that knowledge and risk perception influence acquisition, but do not directly determine behavior, as this is conditioned by contextual factors. These findings highlight the need to address this problem from a comprehensive perspective.
La química forense y su relevancia en la detección de nuevas sustancias
psicoactivas en la sangre mediante cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (LC/MS)
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-03-13) Palacios Gonzalez, Maria Sofia; Baños Correa, Harold Javier (Director)
The growth of new psychoactive substances (NSP) has generated an increasing challenge for forensic toxicology, due to the difficulty of their detection with conventional methods and their effect on public health. This study proposed to analyze the importance of forensic chemistry in the identification of NSP in blood samples using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA's guidelines, looking for articles published between 2018 and 2025 in various databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Redalyc, Scielo and Google Scholar. Research was chosen that used analytical methodologies such as LC/MS, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS and immunoassays, considering aspects such as sensitivity, specificity and detection limits. The findings showed that the LC-MS/MS technique proved to be the most effectivein identifying non-volatile and thermally unstable compounds, overcoming the restrictions of immunoassays and gas chromatography. Barriers related to matrix effect, calibration and the need for trained personnel were also detected. It was concluded that forensic chemistry has a crucial role in the identification of NSP, reaffirming LC/MS as a key tool for toxicological analysis. Finally, it was suggested to improve the application of this technique in forensic laboratories in Colombia and Latin America, promote validation between laboratories and update the databases to ensure more accurate results and an efficient response to the emergence of new drugs.