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Catinonas sintéticas y salud pública en Colombia: un análisis de la evidencia
actual
(Universidad santiago de cali, 2026-03-13) Jiménez Ortiz, Víctor Andrés; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director); Fandiño Moreno, Yiseth (Directora)
Synthetic cathinones constitute a group of new psychoactive substances (NSP), characterized by their rapid emergence on the illicit market, high structural variability, and potential toxicological risk, posing a challenge to detection, surveillance, and health control systems. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the available scientific and institutional evidence on their chemical characteristics, toxicological effects, analytical detection methods, and public health implications, with an emphasis on the Colombian context. A literature search and selection was conducted in scientific sources and official reports, integrating pharmacological, toxicological, analytical, and forensic studies using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The results show that these substances act primarily as central nervous system stimulants, associated with neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular manifestations, as well as serious adverse events. Furthermore, the constant emergence of new analogues and their commercialization in complex mixtures hinder their identification using conventional analytical techniques and limit institutional response capacity. In Colombia, an increase in their detection in seizures and toxicological analyses has been observed, confirming their emerging relevance. In conclusion, synthetic cathinones represent a dynamic problem that requires strengthening epidemiological surveillance, the analytical capacity of laboratories, and inter-institutional coordination to mitigate their public health risks.
Capitulo 4. La Habana: 20 años después de la masacre
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Astaiza Gonzalez, Catalina; Sanclemente Flórez, Dahiana; Ardila Behar, Ana Carolina (Asesora)
The sociopolitical conflict in Colombia encompasses decades of history and multiple armed actors. This chapter seeks to carry out a memory reconstruction exercise on the events that occurred in the Havana massacre, perpetrated on October 10, 2001 by members of the Calima Bloc of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), where several peasants were murdered. The following narrative was achieved from interviews, field work, legal documents and documentary review. The testimonies collected during the interviews provided details about the manner in which the murders occurred, the circumstances surrounding the event, and how it impacted their lives until today. In addition, the field work provided additional information, which allows us to put this act of violence in context.
Mecanismos alternativos de resolución de conflictos: una herramienta eficiente para la justicia y la coexistencia social de las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Orobio Grisales, Bella Valentina; Peña Cuervo, María Isabel (Directora)
This paper analyzes alternative conflict resolution mechanisms and their relevance in the process of providing care and reparation to victims of the Colombian armed conflict, with a special focus on 2016, a key year marked by the signing of the Final Peace Agreement between the National Government and the FARC-EP. In this context, ADRs emerge as a fundamental instrument or mechanism to complement the traditional or formal judicial system, allowing for a more participatory and restorative justice system tailored to the specific needs of those affected by this era of violence. As a starting point, the various alternative conflict resolution mechanisms existing and used in Colombia are clarified, such as conciliation, mediation, arbitration, and restorative justice. These mechanisms allow conflicts to be resolved without resorting to lengthy judicial processes, thus favoring peaceful, cost-effective, and less re-victimizing solutions. They are especially useful in community settings, where collective participation and dialogue are key to healing the wounds of conflict. The effectiveness of these mechanisms is examined in the context of the 2016 conflict. During this period, various spaces and strategies were promoted to implement alternative conflict resolution mechanisms, such as Houses of Justice, Collective Reparation Programs, and the creation of bodies such as the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, which incorporated restorative principles. These initiatives provided opportunities for victims to be heard, recognized, and symbolically compensated, while facilitating the reconstruction of the social fabric and full coexistence in the different territories. The rehearsal reveals that, although ADRs have had positive impacts and have contributed to positively social tensions and building institutional trust, they also face significant challenges. These include logistical and financial limitations, limited coverage in rural areas of the country, a lack of specialized training for operators, and cultural resistance to non-punitive mechanisms. Despite these difficulties, ADRs remain a key tool for the reconciliation process and peacebuilding in Colombia. This essay concludes that ADRsarenotonlyimportant as acomplementtoformal justice, but also as drivers of the cultural change needed to overcome such long and exhausting decades of violence. They must be a priority in building a stable, lasting, and victim-centered peace.
Efectos farmacológicos de los fitocannabinoides (CBD y THC) en la regulación de citocinas proinflamatorias asociadas al síndrome metabólico: una revisión sistemática
(Univesidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-03-21) Paredes Castro, Héctor Henry; González Vargas, Iván Andrés (Director)
Metabolic syndrome is a major public health concern due to its high prevalence and association with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and chronic inflammatory processes. In this context, phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have sparked interest for their potential immunomodulatory effects. The objective of this study was to analyze the available scientific evidence on the action of CBD and THC in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines linked to metabolic syndrome. A systematic review was conducted under PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, among others. Original studies published between 2014 and 2024, both preclinical and clinical, that evaluated the effects of phytocannabinoids on cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 were included. The results were grouping the findings according to the cytokine evaluated and the type of intervention applied. The results showed that CBD, and to a lesser extent THC, significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in experimental models, while the effects on IL-1β and IL-18 were less studied but equally promising. However, clinical studies are still scarce and present heterogeneous results. It was concluded that phytocannabinoids have significant therapeutic potential as adjuvant agents in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, although further clinical research is required to validate their efficacy and safety in humans.
Elaboración de shampoo libre de sulfatos a base de tensoactivos derivados del coco
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-02-18) Ordoñez Quiñones, Orlin Orlando; Grisales Rojas, Juan Camilo; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director); Miller Peluffo, Jhon Alexander (Director)
This study developed a sulfate-free shampoo formulated with coconut-derived surfactants (cocoamide DEA, betaine, and decyl glucoside) that provides effective cleansing without damaging the scalp, improving hair health. These hypoallergenic and biodegradable surfactants reduce the risk of irritation and minimize environmental impact, aligning with the demand for sustainable products. For this study, three formulations were developed, varying the percentages of surfactants to evaluate properties such as pH, viscosity, foam, and detergency. In addition, cleaning tests with strands of wool and accelerated stability studies were conducted to determine the optimal formulation. The ANOVA statistical study revealed that formulation 2 showed a better balance among the evaluated parameters: good viscosity stability, adequate pH, high foaming capacity, stable cleaning efficacy, and absence of phase separation. This makes it a suitable reformulation option for further user sensory testing.