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Nanopartículas de quitosano como agentes para la remoción de contaminantes emergentes farmacéuticos en agua: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-07) Mora Garcia, Kevin Frederic; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander(Director)
The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, hormones, and pesticides represents a growing threat that conventional treatment systems are unable to resolve efficiently, a situation that has driven the search for more robust technological alternatives. Chitosan nanoparticles are positioned as a sustainable option, backed by their biocompatibility, renewable origin, and the chemical versatility of their functional groups for targeted modification. A systematic review was conducted on the synthesis, characterization, and adsortive performance of chitosan-derived materials for the removal of emerging contaminants in water, consulting international databases for the period 2015–2024 with defined eligibility criteria. The studies included magnetic hybrid materials, mesoporous materials, and MOF/MXene composites that showed high efficiencies against tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams, as well as against NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and paracetamol; the removal of hormones and pesticides received significantly less attention. The maximum
capacities reported exceeded 200–500 mg·g⁻¹, especially when adsorption was complemented by catalytic or photocatalytic functions. Performance depended on pH, with optimal results in acid-neutral ranges, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength, with the presence of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ consistently reducing efficiency due to electrostatic competition. The main gaps identified include the predominance of low-volume batch tests, insufficient evidence in columns and breakage curves, and limited validation in real matrices with TOC balances and leaching studies. Chitosan nanocomposites are a promising platform for tertiary treatment stages, and their validation is recommended under conditions close to neutral pH, under multicomponent mixtures, and in fixed-bed pilots with magnetic regeneration.
Registro Digital Blockchain como una herramienta de control preventiva en el ingreso de materia prima ilegal: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-11) Trochez Rengifo,Tamara; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto (Director)
The commercialization of illegal medicines is a sanitary and regulatory problem that
compromises patient safety, therapeutic effectiveness, and trust in health systems.
Counterfeiting, adulteration, unauthorized distribution, and marketing of products
without sanitary authorization reveal weaknesses in pharmaceutical supply chain
traceability, especially in contexts with fragmented logistics, unverified electronic
commerce, and limited inspection capacity. This systematic review analyzed the
usefulness of blockchain technology as a preventive control tool to reduce the entry of
illegal medicines into the pharmaceutical supply chain. Studies published between 2020
and 2025 were reviewed in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and Springer using terms
related to blockchain, traceability, pharmaceutical supply chain, counterfeiting, and
illegal medicines. Selection was guided by defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with
screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts. The selected articles show that blockchain
provides immutable records, event authentication, smart contracts, controlled
interoperability, and greater visibility among manufacturers, distributors, regulatory
authorities, and dispensers. The reviewed models, including Medledger, PharmaChain,
IPFS-based solutions, IoT sensors, and homomorphic encryption, show concrete
applications in serialization, batch traceability, cold chain control, and inconsistency
detection. Implementation requires overcoming technical, regulatory, economic, and
training barriers, but represents a relevant alternative for strengthening sanitary control
and the transparency of pharmaceutical processes.
Revisión sistemática sobre los contaminantes emergentes en el agua: retos para su detección y monitoreo desde la perspectiva del análisis ambiental
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-19) Villa Sánchez,Bryan Alexander; Mosquera González, Sergio David(Director)
Emerging contaminants in water constitute one of the most complex challenges for analytical chemistry and contemporary environmental monitoring. This term encompasses compounds such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, PFAS, pesticides, flame retardants, microplastics, and other persistent, mobile, or toxic organic contaminants which, although not always “new,” have gained relevance due to their increasing detection, widespread distribution, and potential ecological and health effects. Their analysis represents a challenge because of their enormous structural diversity, their presence at trace or ultra-trace concentrations, the complexity of aquatic matrices, and the formation of transformation products. In this context, environmental chemistry has evolved from traditional targeted approaches toward broader strategies based on chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, suspect screening (targeted analysis) and non-targeted analysis, electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and bioassays. This monograph examines the problem from the perspective of environmental chemistry, focusing on the main challenges for detection and monitoring, as well as the most relevant methodological responses. It concludes that effective monitoring of emerging contaminants requires integrated approaches that combine advanced chemical analysis, emerging and complementary techniques and technologies, mixture assessment, prioritization tools, and dynamic regulatory frameworks, in order to move from the simple identification of compounds toward more preventive, representative, and risk-oriented environmental surveillance.
Evaluación de la Actividad Antimicrobiana de la Amoxicilina Cargada en Nanocristales de Celulosa (CNCs) Frente a Bacterias Asociadas a Infecciones Cutáneas
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-07-30) Ángel Cañón, Harrison Smith; Ceballos Coral, Manuel Alejandro; Castañeda Aedo, Carol Melissa (Director); Chamorro Rengifo, Andrés Felipe (Director)
Bacterial skin infections represent a major public health challenge due to antimicrobial resistance and the limitations of conventional antibiotic delivery systems. In this context, nanocellulose has emerged as a promising alternative for the development of controlled drug delivery systems for antibiotics facing significant challenges, such as amoxicillin (AMX). Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) through sulfuric acid hydrolysis followed by TEMPO-mediated functionalization (TOCNCs) to evaluate their ability to adsorb and release AMX against pathogenic bacteria. Both materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), confirming the incorporation of sulfate and carboxyl groups as well as the association of the drug with the nanocrystals. Adsorption was evaluated as a function of contact time, medium pH, and solute concentration. The results showed that TOCNCs exhibited the highest drug retention after 6 hours (42.56 ± 1.5%), with adsorption being favored under acidic conditions (pH 3). Antibacterial inhibition assays demonstrated that AMX adsorbed onto the nanocrystal surface retained its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, highlighting the potential application of these nanomaterials as controlled drug delivery matrices.
Docking molecular aplicado a péptidos antimicrobianos: una revisión sistemática de sus interacciones con dianas bacterianas.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-24) Rivera Molina,Angie Julieth; Oñate Garzón, José Fernando(Director); Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander(Director)
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global public health problem, leading to the
search for new therapeutic alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides. The objective of this study was to analyze
the available evidence on the use of molecular docking for predicting and evaluating the interaction of antimicrobial
peptides with bacterial targets. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines; the
review included studies published between 2020 and 2026 in international biomedical databases.
The results showed that molecular docking was primarily used to estimate binding energies, identify key residues,
and guide the rational design of peptides targeting essential enzymes and bacterial regulatory proteins;
furthermore, a growing trend was observed toward integrating docking with molecular dynamics and experimental
validation. It was concluded that docking is a useful tool for peptide selection and mechanistic analysis, but its
predictive value depends on methodological standardization and its correlation with biological experimental
evidence.