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Estrategias de trazabilidad digital para la prevención del comercio ilegal de medicamentos: Revisión sistemática.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-21) Reyes Madariaga, Nathalia; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto(Director)
This study focused on the issue of illegal drug trafficking, a problem that threatens public health due to the presence of counterfeit products in the pharmaceutical distribution chain. The objective of this research was to examine how digital traceability technologies, particularly serialization, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT), can serve as tools to combat drug counterfeiting and improve the safety of the pharmaceutical system. The methodology used consisted of a systematic literature review, in which recent scientific studies from recognized databases were selected and analyzed, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria that prioritized the timeliness, relevance, and quality of the information. The findings showed that digital traceability technologies provide significant advantages compared to conventional methods, facilitating the unique identification of medicines, real-time tracking, and secure data recording. In addition, it was determined that serialization is the most common strategy in the regulatory field, while blockchain and the Internet of Things have high potential to increase transparency and control in the supply chain. It was concluded that the incorporation of these technologies constitutes an effective solution to reduce the illegal trade of medicines, improving traceability, the identification of irregularities, and the protection of public health. However, the need to strengthen applied research and promote their large-scale implementation was highlighted, especially in environments with technological limitations.
Beneficios de la Nanoencapsulación de activos mediante el sistema transportador lipídico nanoestructurado (NLC) como estrategia para optimizar la estabilidad de cremas cosméticas: Una Revisión Sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-24) Pérez Plaza, Juan Pablo; Tapie Taimal, Cristian Daniel; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander(Director)
The search for more effective, safe, and stable cosmetics has driven the development of formulations with multiple active ingredients; however, many of these compounds exhibit low stability when exposed to factors such as light, oxygen, temperature, pH, and humidity, which can compromise their efficacy, shelf life, and organoleptic characteristics. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) represent a promising strategy for optimizing the stability of active ingredients incorporated into cosmetic creams. The objective of this review was to analyze the benefits of nanoencapsulation using NLCs as a system for improving the physicochemical stability of cosmetic actives. To this end, a literature review was conducted in the PubMed, MDPI, ScienceDirect, and Springer databases, considering articles published between 2021 and 2026. An initial 1,285 records were identified, of which 49 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the imperfect lipid matrix of NLCs, formed by the combination of solid and liquid lipids, promotes a greater carrying capacity, reduces the expulsion of the active ingredient during storage, and allows for more controlled release. Experimental studies reported particle sizes primarily between 50 and 300 nm, polydispersity indices below 0.5, and encapsulation efficiencies frequently exceeding 80% for antioxidants, retinoids, vitamins, UV filters, polyphenols, and plant extracts. Furthermore, improvements were observed in photostability, thermal stability, protection against oxidation, skin retention, and tolerability. It is concluded that NLCs constitute an effective technology for stabilizing cosmetic actives; however, their performance depends on the appropriate selection of lipids, surfactants, production method, and storage conditions.
Comparación del efecto de proteínas de origen animal y vegetal en la preservación de la masa muscular en perros geriátricos: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-20) Cortes Peña, Isabella; Ospina Varón, Carlos Mario(Director)
Canine sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass directly associated with ageing and is one of the most common conditions in geriatric dogs. Among the nutritional factors linked to its development and progression, the quality and source of dietary protein play a significant role due to their influence on muscle protein synthesis, body composition and the maintenance of lean body mass. However, the available evidence on the comparative effect of animal and plant-based proteins in geriatric dogs remains scattered and lacks critical synthesis. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the available scientific evidence regarding the effect of animal and plant- based protein sources on the preservation of muscle mass in geriatric dogs. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was conducted in six international databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CAB Abstracts and AGRIS. A total of 475 records were retrieved, of which 43 studies met the previously established inclusion criteria. The evidence analysed showed that animal proteins had higher digestibility values, more complete amino acid profiles and higher concentrations of leucine, taurine and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, nutrients associated with muscle anabolic mechanisms and the preservation of lean body mass. Plant-based proteins achieved acceptable digestibility in several studies, although they showed limitations in essential amino acids such as methionine and leucine when no specific supplementation was provided. The review also identified a significant lack of clinical trials conducted exclusively in geriatric dogs with objective measurement of muscle mass using techniques such as DEXA, muscle ultrasonography or the Muscle Condition Score. This methodological limitation reduces the possibility of drawing definitive clinical conclusions regarding the comparative effect of both protein sources. Consequently, the available evidence suggests that animal-derived proteins offer more consistent nutritional benefits for the preservation of muscle mass in geriatric dogs. However, there remains a need for controlled studies that directly assess the impact of animal and plant-based diets on muscle mass, body composition and functionality in this population.
Cribado virtual y Docking Molecular de nuevos inhibidores de la β-lactamasa BlaC de Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-30) Angulo Rincón, Camila; Camargo Gutiérrez, Hillary; Ciro, Yhors Alexander(Director); Aristizabal Salazar, Yesid Armando(Director)
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a major global public health challenge due to the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line drugs. The β-lactamase BlaC constitutes one of the resistance mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against β-lactam antibiotics. Through its enzymatic activity, BlaC modifies and inactivates β-lactam antibiotics, limiting their therapeutic use in the treatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential BlaC inhibitory compounds as a therapeutic alternative through an in silico approach. Molecular docking was performed using the crystallographic structure of BlaC obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), analyzing binding affinity and protein–ligand interactions. Ligands were filtered according to pharmacokinetic properties, structural similarity, pharmacophore features, and affinity. A top 20 compounds were selected, showing higher affinity values than the reference inhibitors Avibactam, Relebactam, and Durlobactam. Molecule M2122 exhibited the highest binding affinity (-9.034 kcal/mol), followed by the diazabicyclooctane (DBO) compounds M1093 and M1890. Hydrogen bonds predominated (66.2%), with SER84 , THR253 and ILE117 identified as the most relevant interacting residues
MANIFESTACIONES HEMATOLÓGICAS ASOCIADAS A LA INFECCIÓN POR DIROFILARIA SPP EN CANINOS. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-25) Quinchia Velez, Juan Esteban; Vargas Camargo, Oscar Julián(Director)
Canine dirofilariasis is a widespread parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions. Early diagnosis is key but limited because of the absence of specific clinical signs and the inappropriate use of diagnostic tests in veterinary practice. In this context, this systematic review aimed to identify the hematological alterations associated with Dirofilaria spp. infection in dogs, as well as to evaluate its relationship with the parasite's pathophysiology and its utility as a diagnostic support tool. The results showed that the main hematological manifestations included anemia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia, in addition, some changes in biochemical parameters related to renal and hepatic disease. These alterations were more frequent in advanced stages of the heartworm disease, while in early stages they were mild or nonspecific. Also, moderate variability was observed among studies and case reports. It was concluded that hematological alterations are not diagnostic on their own, but they can be useful complementary tools in the monitoring and prognosis of the patient suffering from the disease.