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Estudio retrospectivo de la prevalencia y caracterización epidemiológica de enfermedades infecciosas en caninos, atendidos en cuatro clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de Cali durante el año 2024
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-17) Gómez Vásquez, Claudia Marcela; Carmona Marín, Yolanda; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto(Director); Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio(Director)
Infectious diseases in dogs are a frequent reason for consultation in veterinary clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiologically characterize infectious diseases in dogs treated at four veterinary clinics in the city of Cali during 2024. An observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted based on a review of the medical records of dogs treated between January 1 and December 31, 2024. The variables analyzed included veterinary clinic, sex, age group, breed category, origin of the etiological agent, specific agent, and semester of care. The analysis included descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. A total of 5,232 dogs were attended across the four clinics, of which 493 had infectious diseases, yielding an overall prevalence of 9.42%. The highest prevalence was observed at Mi Cachorrito (17.00%) and the lowest at Mundo Animal (7.90%). Regarding the etiological agent, parasitic origin predominated (68.8%), followed by bacterial (17.6%), viral (10.8%), and fungal (2.8%) origin. The most frequent specific agents were Cystoisospora (43.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (23.9%), Anaplasma platys (9.9%), canine parvovirus (9.1%), and Ehrlichia canis (4.3%). The most frequent age group was young adults (26.4%), and the distribution by sex was similar between females (50.3%) and males (49.7%). A significant association was found between the origin of the etiological agent and veterinary clinic (p < 0.001), as well as age group (p < 0.001), but not sex (p = 0.057) or semester of care (p = 0.237). It is concluded that infectious diseases in the evaluated population showed a predominance of parasitic agents and an etiological distribution influenced by veterinary clinic and age group, providing useful information for epidemiological surveillance and diagnostic guidance in dogs treated in Cali.
Nuevas estrategias tecnológicas implementadas en la reducción del comercio ilegal farmacéutico: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-07-31) Padilla Pérez, Laura Ximena; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto(Director)
The illicit trade in medicines constitutes a growing global public health problem, associated with significant risks to patient safety and economic losses for health systems; drug counterfeiting is on the rise in countries where legislation regulating these illicit activities is weak and there is a lack of resources and measures to combat them. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, with the objective of analyzing the available scientific evidence on the use of technological innovations to reduce the illegal trade in medicines, following the PRISMA statement guidelines; the literature search was conducted in recognized academic databases, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Studies associated with technologies applied to the detection, prevention, or control of counterfeit medicines were included, as well as research related to traceability in the pharmaceutical supply chain. The results highlighted new technologies such as blockchain, IoT, paper-based analytical devices (PAD), optical spectrophotometers (colorimeters), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). However, limitations were identified regarding implementation costs, infrastructure requirements, regulatory barriers, and the need for staff training. It was also evident that none of the aforementioned strategies work alone or individually to eradicate the problem of counterfeit medicines; rather, a comprehensive approach is needed that combines administrative and technological tools, active surveillance, and continuous training of healthcare personnel. This combination or integration of approaches and strategies represents the most effective solution or pathway to reducing the circulation of counterfeit medicines in healthcare facilities.
Marcadores hematologicos y bioquimicos en la Erliquiosis canina segun la etapa de la enfermedad. Revisión sistemática.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-25) Arcila Ramirez, Mayra Alejandra; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa(Directora)
Canine ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease that affects dogs in tropical and subtropical regions and can cause hematological and biochemical alterations that reflect the systemic impact of the infection. The objective of this study was to analyze the most frequent hematological and biochemical markers in dogs with canine ehrlichiosis, considering the different clinical stages of the disease, through a systematic review of the scientific literature. To this end, research and selection of scientific articles was conducted in biomedical databases that reported hematological, biochemical, or biomarker alterations associated with Ehrlichia canis infection. The included studies were analyzed and organized into three main categories: hematological changes, biochemical alterations associated with organ involvement, and emerging biomarkers with diagnostic or prognostic potential. The results showed that the most frequent hematological alterations were thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukopenia, which can present with varying intensity depending on the clinical phase of the disease and the presence of coinfections. Regarding biochemical changes, hepatic, renal, and protein metabolism alterations were identified, including increases in liver enzymes, changes in serum proteins, and alterations in renal parameters, suggesting multisystem organ involvement. Furthermore, recent studies have described emerging biomarkers, such as cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokines, and urinary biomarkers, which could contribute to a more accurate assessment of disease severity and associated organ damage. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that integrating hematological, biochemical, and emerging biomarker parameters, along with molecular and serological diagnostic methods, can improve early detection, clinical monitoring, and pathophysiological understanding of Canine ehrlichiosis.
Análisis del crecimiento radial y producción de conidios de hongos filamentosos expuestos a diferentes longitudes de onda de luz.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-07-23) Garcia Vanegas, Maria Camila; González Vargas, Iván Andrés(Director); Corredor Sáenz, Viviana Catalina(Directora)
Fungal photobiology studies how fungi perceive and respond to light as an environmental signal. This study evaluated the effect of four wavelengths—blue (462 nm), green (518 nm), red (631 nm), and white (455 nm)—on 14 filamentous fungal isolates from the genera Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma spp., and Penicillium spp., with the aim of determining how each wavelength influences radial growth, conidia production, and catalase enzyme activity under a 12-hour light/dark photoperiod. Growth was measured on PDA medium, while conidia production and catalase enzyme activity were evaluated on PDB medium. Twelve of the 14 isolates showed significant differences in radial growth (wavelength effect F(4,206) = 10.74; p < 0.0001; isolate effect F(13,206) = 71.68; p < 0.0001). White light was the wavelength with the greatest effect on growth (p = 0.0098 vs. control), followed by blue light. The greatest increase was recorded in isolate TH24 (Trichoderma spp.) under red light, which went from 2.60 cm in darkness to 6.94 cm (an increase of approximately 167%), while TH25 responded significantly to all four wavelengths. In conidia production, no treatment reached statistical significance compared to the control (p > 0.05). However, green light (p=0.0639) and white light (p=0.0920) were close to the threshold, with the greatest increase observed under white light in isolate 39-39 (Aspergillus spp.). In contrast, red and green lights showed more variable effects and, in some cases, neutral or inhibitory effects on the analyzed parameters. Catalase activity showed significant differences according to wavelength (F(4,206) = 85.64; p<0.0001): blue and white light increased enzyme activity compared to the control (p<0.0001 in both cases). The highest value in the entire experiment was recorded in isolate 9I10 (Aspergillus spp.) under white light, with an increase of approximately 9.5 times compared to its control in darkness, suggesting an increase in the response mechanisms to oxidative stress. These differences among the fungal isolates suggest taxonomically distinct antioxidant responses. It is concluded that the spectral quality of light significantly influences radial growth, conidia production, and catalase activity in the studied filamentous fungi, highlighting the potential of blue and white wavelengths as tools for modulating processes of biotechnological interest and understanding the mechanisms associated with fungal photobiology.
Propiedades antineoplásicas de la familia Annonaceae: Una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-23) Borja Pinto, Emilie Valentina; Illicachi Romero, Luis Alberto(Director)
Cancer is recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic alternatives based on naturally occurring bioactive compounds. In this context, the Annonaceae family is identified as a significant source of metabolites with potential anticancer activity. The objective of this study is to analyze and synthesize the available scientific evidence regarding the anticancer potential of various species of the genus Annona and other related species. A literature review was conducted focusing on preclinical studies and phytochemical reports, in which cytotoxic activity, mechanisms of action, and strategies to improve the bioavailability of bioactive compounds were evaluated. The findings show that extracts and isolated metabolites, particularly acetogenins, exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against multiple tumor cell lines. The mechanisms of action include caspase-mediated apoptosis induction, regulation of proteins associated with cell survival, generation of oxidative stress, and disruption of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, it is observed that strategies such as nanoencapsulation improve the stability of these compounds. It is concluded that Annonaceae species represent a promising source for the development of new anticancer agents; however, clinical evidence is limited, indicating the need for further human studies to validate their safety and efficacy.