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Evaluación de sistemas acuosos bifásicos (SAB) aplicados en la remoción de colorante en aguas
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-30) Escobar Grueso, Jhon Cesar; Chamorro, Andrés Felipe(Director); Cardona, Yudy Vanesa(Directora)
Synthetic dyes are compounds widely used in industrial sectors due to their ability to impart color to various materials. However, their discharge into the environment without proper treatment represents a significant problem, as many of them are toxic and negatively affect both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Conventional removal methods are effective, but in some cases they generate hazardous byproducts, involve high costs, and exhibit a low degree of sustainability. In this context, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are proposed as an eco-friendly alternative aligned with the principles of green chemistry, offering an efficient and economical route for the separation of dyes in water samples. In this study, the partition coefficient (K) and the Gibbs free energy of transfer (ΔtrG°) of the model dye tartrazine (Tart) were evaluated in ATPS composed of polymer, salt, and water. Additionally, the effect of cation and anion nature, molar mass, and pH was analyzed. It was found that the ATPS composed of PEO with a molar mass of 1500 g·mol⁻¹ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O at pH 3.0 showed the best performance compared to the other ATPS evaluated and was thermodynamically favored with decreasing pH, molar mass, and depending on the type of salt. The average recovery percentage was 79.22% in deionized water and 77.97% in industrial water, and the ΔtrG° value was −21.62 kJ/mol, indicating that the process is thermodynamically favorable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ATPS with the best performance represents an efficient and promising alternative for the removal of Tart in both controlled and industrial systems.
Eficacia de los planes nutricionales controlados para el manejo de la obesidad canina: impacto en la reducción de peso y la condición corporal; revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-30) Santamaría Zambrano, Elizabeth; Ospina Varón, Carlos Mario(Director)
This review analyzes canine obesity, recognized as a chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disease that compromises health and longevity. Its objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of controlled nutritional plans, address behavioral barriers between humans and animals, and review advances in dietary formulation to mitigate this global epidemic. The methodology is based on a comprehensive review of scientific evidence and clinical applications published between 2018 and 2025. The main findings demonstrate that obesity is not only an energy imbalance but also a state of endocrine dysregulation where adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines and hormones such as leptin (elevated) and adiponectin (decreased), affecting multiple organs and increasing the risk of cancer. Effective nutritional intervention is based on HPHF (high-protein, high-fiber) therapeutic diets, formulated to generate a negative energy balance while preserving muscle mass. Caloric intake should be adjusted to the resting energy requirement (RER) of the ideal weight, with a safe weight loss rate of 1–2% per week. Factors such as breed, age, and reproductive status influence the response to treatment. A critical barrier is the human factor: owners often underestimate their pets' weight and mistake begging for actual hunger. Strategies include feeding diaries, digital scales, and communication that emphasize the long-term benefits for longevity and well-being. Commercial prescription dry diets have been found to be more economical and safer in the long term than homemade diets. Weight maintenance is challenging, with a high rate of weight regain, requiring continuous monitoring and lifelong, low-calorie-density diets. In conclusion, controlled nutritional plans are the most effective and safe tool, provided they are implemented with early diagnosis, personalized therapeutic diets, effective behavioral management by the owner, and a long-term maintenance plan. The commitment of the veterinary team and empathetic education are crucial for success.
Nanopartículas de quitosano como agentes para la remoción de contaminantes emergentes farmacéuticos en agua: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-07) Mora Garcia, Kevin Frederic; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander(Director)
The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, hormones, and pesticides represents a growing threat that conventional treatment systems are unable to resolve efficiently, a situation that has driven the search for more robust technological alternatives. Chitosan nanoparticles are positioned as a sustainable option, backed by their biocompatibility, renewable origin, and the chemical versatility of their functional groups for targeted modification. A systematic review was conducted on the synthesis, characterization, and adsortive performance of chitosan-derived materials for the removal of emerging contaminants in water, consulting international databases for the period 2015–2024 with defined eligibility criteria. The studies included magnetic hybrid materials, mesoporous materials, and MOF/MXene composites that showed high efficiencies against tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams, as well as against NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and paracetamol; the removal of hormones and pesticides received significantly less attention. The maximum
capacities reported exceeded 200–500 mg·g⁻¹, especially when adsorption was complemented by catalytic or photocatalytic functions. Performance depended on pH, with optimal results in acid-neutral ranges, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength, with the presence of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ consistently reducing efficiency due to electrostatic competition. The main gaps identified include the predominance of low-volume batch tests, insufficient evidence in columns and breakage curves, and limited validation in real matrices with TOC balances and leaching studies. Chitosan nanocomposites are a promising platform for tertiary treatment stages, and their validation is recommended under conditions close to neutral pH, under multicomponent mixtures, and in fixed-bed pilots with magnetic regeneration.
Registro Digital Blockchain como una herramienta de control preventiva en el ingreso de materia prima ilegal: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-11) Trochez Rengifo,Tamara; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto (Director)
The commercialization of illegal medicines is a sanitary and regulatory problem that
compromises patient safety, therapeutic effectiveness, and trust in health systems.
Counterfeiting, adulteration, unauthorized distribution, and marketing of products
without sanitary authorization reveal weaknesses in pharmaceutical supply chain
traceability, especially in contexts with fragmented logistics, unverified electronic
commerce, and limited inspection capacity. This systematic review analyzed the
usefulness of blockchain technology as a preventive control tool to reduce the entry of
illegal medicines into the pharmaceutical supply chain. Studies published between 2020
and 2025 were reviewed in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and Springer using terms
related to blockchain, traceability, pharmaceutical supply chain, counterfeiting, and
illegal medicines. Selection was guided by defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with
screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts. The selected articles show that blockchain
provides immutable records, event authentication, smart contracts, controlled
interoperability, and greater visibility among manufacturers, distributors, regulatory
authorities, and dispensers. The reviewed models, including Medledger, PharmaChain,
IPFS-based solutions, IoT sensors, and homomorphic encryption, show concrete
applications in serialization, batch traceability, cold chain control, and inconsistency
detection. Implementation requires overcoming technical, regulatory, economic, and
training barriers, but represents a relevant alternative for strengthening sanitary control
and the transparency of pharmaceutical processes.
Revisión sistemática sobre los contaminantes emergentes en el agua: retos para su detección y monitoreo desde la perspectiva del análisis ambiental
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-19) Villa Sánchez,Bryan Alexander; Mosquera González, Sergio David(Director)
Emerging contaminants in water constitute one of the most complex challenges for analytical chemistry and contemporary environmental monitoring. This term encompasses compounds such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, PFAS, pesticides, flame retardants, microplastics, and other persistent, mobile, or toxic organic contaminants which, although not always “new,” have gained relevance due to their increasing detection, widespread distribution, and potential ecological and health effects. Their analysis represents a challenge because of their enormous structural diversity, their presence at trace or ultra-trace concentrations, the complexity of aquatic matrices, and the formation of transformation products. In this context, environmental chemistry has evolved from traditional targeted approaches toward broader strategies based on chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, suspect screening (targeted analysis) and non-targeted analysis, electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and bioassays. This monograph examines the problem from the perspective of environmental chemistry, focusing on the main challenges for detection and monitoring, as well as the most relevant methodological responses. It concludes that effective monitoring of emerging contaminants requires integrated approaches that combine advanced chemical analysis, emerging and complementary techniques and technologies, mixture assessment, prioritization tools, and dynamic regulatory frameworks, in order to move from the simple identification of compounds toward more preventive, representative, and risk-oriented environmental surveillance.