Microbiología

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“Actividad antifúngica de alpinia zerumbet frente a mohos y levaduras de importancia clínica”
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Cruz Alemán, Lady Stephanie; Benavides Gálvez, Laura Isabel; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary; Castro Narváez, Sandra Patricia
Invasive fungal diseases (EFI) diseases to susceptible hosts, cause high impact morbidity and mortality, associated with the high resistance to antimycotics of the agents etiological associated with this pathology. The antifungal activity of extracts of Alpinia zerumbet, vs. C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus and Fusarium oxysporum was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and minimum inhibitory fungal concentration (CFI) based on NTC 2455 was used. As control sample, Fluconazole standard is considered and 96% Ethanol as a control. The alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and flowers affected good fungistatic and fungicidal activity when compared to the control and standard sample. It is concluded that the leaves compounds and flowers of A. zerumbet are promising for future research looking for compounds with antimicrobial activity for use in agriculture, food, and treatment of systemic mycosis.
Actividad antimicrobiana de Fitocannabinoides como principios activos en plantas medicinales: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Rivera Vargas, María Yuliel; Suarez Osorio, Liseth; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana
Phytochemical compounds have long been an alternative to traditional medicine, which is why the industrial sector is dedicated to the manufacture of products such as drugs, cosmetics and veterinary products, and have considered innovating their lines from raw materials derived from the extraction of active compounds from plants. In this way, plant material with various attributes or substances that are allowed and regulated by government entities for use and marketing has been sought. Due to the above, it was proposed to carry out this systematic review that aims to identify medicinal plants that contain phytocannabinoids and that have antimicrobial activity. The consulted databases corresponding to 83, of which documents dating from the years 2010 to 2022 were found, however, 24 were discarded, since they were related to clinical aspects of veterinary use and others due to the years of publication, the which are outside the range of the minimum 10 years to be taken into account for the development of the systemic review
Aislamiento de bacteriófagos provenientes de una muestra de origen ambiental con capacidad de infectar salmonella spp.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Álvarez Pérez, Juan Martín; Aura Dayana Falco Restrepo
Salmonellosis is a Foodborne Disease (FDB) that occurs due to contamination by bacteria of the Salmonella genus in edibles such as chicken and pork, as well as in products from poultry farms. Because the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in chickens has contributed to the selection of resistant bacteria, it is necessary to implement natural alternatives that allow the control of bacterial populations in poultry farms, bacteriophages being a possible option due to their high specificity to infect bacteria. Using the double layer method, bacteriophages were found in an environmental sample of chicken manure from a poultry farm located in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca, capable of infecting a strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ATCC 14028.
“Aislamiento de bacteriófagos provenientes de una muestra de origen ambiental con capacidad de infectar salmonella spp”
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Álvarez Pérez, Juan Martín; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana
Salmonellosis is a Foodborne Disease (FDB) that occurs due to contamination by bacteria of the Salmonella genus in edibles such as chicken and pork, as well as in products from poultry farms. Because the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in chickens has contributed to the selection of resistant bacteria, it is necessary to implement natural alternatives that allow the control of bacterial populations in poultry farms, bacteriophages being a possible option due to their high specificity to infect bacteria. Using the double layer method, bacteriophages were found in an environmental sample of chicken manure from a poultry farm located in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca, capable of infecting a strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ATCC 14028.
Análisis metataxonómico de suelos de cultivos de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) con síntomas de cuero de sapo
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Díaz Marín, Valentina; Ocampo Ibáñez, Iván Darío
“Frogskin disease” mainly affects the roots of cassava and generates symptoms that deteriorate large quantities of crops. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Colombia has been studying this disease in cassava crops for approximately 50 years and has proposed some associated pathogens, however, the causal agent is still unknown. Therefore, in the present study, a meta-taxonomic analysis of the bacteria and fungi that are present in soils of cassava crops with symptoms of the “Frogskin disease” disease was carried out to find the possible causal agents. For this, a metataxonomic analysis was carried out, using Illumina Miseq sequencing, to obtain fungal ITS and bacterial 16S sequences. Bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were obtained; mainly the genera Pantoea, Enterobacter, Bacillus, and Rhizobium. The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant in the fungal ITS communities; represented by the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. The analysis of alpha and beta diversity using the Miseq sequencing platform revealed through a one-way ANOVA and a PERMANOVA that there were significant differences in composition at the genus level in soils with disease symptoms and control soils. This study provided useful information on the microbiome present in the rhizosphere and roots of resistant plants infected with “Frogskin disease” symptoms
Aproximación metagenómica para la identificación de bacterias endófitas de la raíz de yuca (manihot esculenta crantz) bajo condiciones de estrés abiótico
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Fernández Gaviria, Alexandra; Herrera Arbeláez, Valentina; Corrales Ducuara, Alba Rocío
Cassava (M. esculenta) is the fourth most important crop in the world. It is considered a basic food in the diet of millions of people in tropical and sub-tropical areas. However, its productivity has been affected by adverse environmental conditions such as: low and high temperatures. In this regard, it is important to study new tolerant mechanisms to different types of abiotic stress. Knowing the endophyte microbial diversity of the root may influence positively or negatively in its development, productivity and crop heath under abiotic stress conditions. Cassava plants M. esculenta of the variety MCOL1734 were subjected to stress by hydric deficit for a 20-day period. In the metagenomic analysis of endophyte bacteria there were four Phylum; Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, which are cataloged as endophytes in root of plants. Species like; Clostridium sp. Acinetobacter lwoffii and Acinetobacter sp. which are PGPR bacteria, are candidates to implement in improvement programs to increase tolerance to water deficit in cassava cultivation (M. esculenta).
Biota fúngica en fosas nasales de trabajadores de tres edificios de la universidad Santiago de Cali y su relación con síntomas de alergias respiratorias
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Castillo Tellez, Beatriz Angélica; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary
Allergenic fungi enter through the air to nostrils and may be responsible for some respiratory allergies. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between allergies diagnosed and undiagnosed according to the results obtained from the adapted survey of ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) and the fungal load of the nostrils of workers of three buildings of the Santiago de Cali University. The samples taken from the nostrils were made with sterile swabs and the subsequent sowing was done on Sabouraud dextrose agar, sunflower seed agar and Candida CHROMagar. In 100% of the workers (126) who participated in the study, allergenic fungi were isolated. The highest prevalence of allergenic fungi in the workers of the different buildings was obtained by the workers of block 1, finding significant statistical differences, for the genus Fusarium sp, (p=0,0018 Kruskal Wallis) and Penicillum sp, (p=0,0080 Kruskal Wallis), but not for Cladosporium sp, Alternaria sp and Aspergillus sp; likewise, the biggest fungal load was presented by the workers of this building. When analyzing the fungal 6load found in the nasal passages and its relation with the presence of symptoms of respiratory allergies, it was established that there was significant statistical association with the genus Fusarium sp (p=0,0430 Wilcoxon Mann Whitney) and not for Cladosporium sp (p=0,1918, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney) which was the most frequently isolated genus.
Caracterización de bacterias asociadas a la rizosfera de plantas de yuca (manihot esculenta crantz) sometidas a estrés por déficit hídrico
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Galindo Espinal, Diana Marcela; Zapata Gualtero, Tatiana
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important energy sources in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. During the last years, its production has resulted in extreme environmental conditions. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a type of bacteria that colonize the roots and a symbolic relationship with the plant, favoring their growth and resistance even in conditions of abiotic stress. In the present study, 124 bacterial components of cassava plants M. esculenta are characterized, of which 26 rhizobacteria are identified in plants over a period of 20 days. The analyzes of the abundance of the most predominant genera are: Bacillus, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Streptomyces. These results are important for bacterial communities such as cassava cultivation and its relationship with the response of plants to abiotic stress conditions.
Caracterización fisicoquímica, sensorial y micológica del kéfir de agua en jugos de frutas tropicales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Pedraza Morales, Yiham Stephanie; Ramírez Navas, Juan Sebastián
Kefir contains beneficial properties that promote health, which is why microorganisms isolated from kefir are studied for the development of functional foods. In the present study, the physicochemical, sensory and growth characteristics and phenotypic characterization of fungi present in water kefir in tropical fruit juices were determined. This experiment was done under a factorial design corresponding to the combination of two factors with three blocks and three replicas: type of substrate (pear juice, passion fruit and water with panela) and sucrose concentration (25%, 50% and 100%). The response variables were: acidity, pH, Brix degrees. For the microbiological analyzes, decimal dilutions were made, they were counted on the second and fifth day of incubation. The identification was made with API 20C and Vitek 2 (Biomérieux). Three yeast strains found from higher to lower number of CFU/mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 and Zygosaccharomyces spp were finally isolated with the sensory analysis it was determined that the passion fruit drink was the one that had the best acceptance and preference on the part of consumers.
Caracterización molecular de aislados de Enterobacter cloacae resistentes a carbapenemes portadores de los genes blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM y blaOXA-48, provenientes de la red de laboratorios públicos y privados del Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Guerrero De La Cruz, Daniela Andrea; Restrepo Falco, Aura
The production of beta-lactamase enzymes by some species of enterobacteria is a serious public health problem because it causes the loss of therapeutic efficacy to beta-lactam antibiotics, which are currently used as the first alternative for the management of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, the molecular characterization of 32 phenotypically resistant Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates of cephalosporins and carbapenemes, from a private and a public entity, located in the city of Cali, was carried out. In order to detect the genes involved in resistance to these antibiotics, the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify the genes encoding carbapenemases: KPC, NDM, VIM and OXA-48. It was obtained that 50% (16/32) of the isolates are carriers of the blaKPC gene, while the presence of blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA-48 genes was not detected. The results of this study indicate that the allele that circulates in the isolates is KPC-2 and that they are not genetically related. The results indicate that 81% of patients infected with the enterobacteria carrying KPC carbapenemase come from private medical centers, 81% are male and 44% of those affected are older adults (60 years and older). Knowing the genes involved in carbapenemes resistance in these clinical isolates is an important step towards the development of specific strategies to prevent the spread of this multi-drug resistant pathogen in the municipality of Cali.
Comparación de diferentes medios de cultivo para el aislamiento de hongos alergénicos a partir de ambientes y fosas nasales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Concha Alarcón, Héctor Raúl; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary; Chávez Vivas, Mónica
Different culture media were evaluated for the collection of environmental samples (Agar Dicloran Rosa de Bengala Cloranfenicol, CHROMagar Candida, Avena Agar and , Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar + 5% NaCl) and nasal fossa samples (Sunflower seed agar, SDA and CHROMagar Candida) of workers from three University buildings Santiago from cali. It was found that there were statistical differences, p>0.05, when CHROMagar Candida and Agar Dicloran Rosa de Bengala Cloranfenicol were compared with the volumetric method. , Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar + 5% NaCl recovered the lowest number of UFC / m3 , p <0.0001 when compared with the other media used with the gravimetric method and in the study of nostrils it was found that SDA was the culture medium where the higher counts P<0.0001. In this study, the Agar Dicloran Rosa de Bengala Cloranfenicol culture medium demonstrated that it is the medium of choice for the isolation of fungi from environmental samples and Sabouraud agar for clinical samples
Comparación de dos técnicas para la captación de esporas fúngicas ambientales en un campus universitario
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Delgado Ñañez, Cristhian; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary
The concordance of two fungal spore uptake techniques in the environments of three buildings of the Santiago de Cali University campus was evaluated. The gravimetric method of spore uptake was compared with the Omeliansky formula and the volumetric method (Air Ideal 3P). The environmental sampling was carried out quarterly for a period of 12 months using Dicloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar (DRBC). 64497 CFU / m3 were accounted for, of which 34930 CFU / m3 were isolated with the volumetric method and 29567 CFU / m3 with the gravimetric method. No significant statistical differences were observed with the two techniques used (p = 0.0739), with a significance level α = 0.05. The predominant genera obtained with both methods were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium, which suggests that although the gravimetric method is not as efficient as the volumetric method, it is reliable for estimating the degree of environmental fungal contamination in a similar way to the volumetric method.
“Determinación de actividad pectinolítica en microbiota levaduriforme aislada a partir de suelos y frutos del Valle del Cauca”
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Hurtado Galindo, Manuela; Otálvaro Hernández, Dana Vanesa; González Vargas, Iván Andrés; Cuervo Mulet, Raúl Alberto
Las pectinas son polisacáridos caracterizados por una estructura compleja y propiedades gelificantes. En algunos procesos industriales, la pectina debe ser eliminada debido a su capacidad de retener líquidos y enturbiar el producto, esta se puede degradar empleando pectinasas. En este estudio se determinó la producción de pectinasas de interés industrial en especies levaduriformes aisladas a partir de suelos y frutos de la región del Valle del Cauca. Se evaluó la actividad de las enzimas pectinolíticas a diferentes temperaturas y pH mediante DNS y se realizó una identificación morfológica y fisiológica para los aislados obtenidos. Los aislados positivos presentaron producción de pectinasas a temperaturas bajas, lo cual aporta a la literatura sobre pectinasas frías y hace que las levaduras presenten potencial frente a la producción de pectinasas por hongos filamentosos. De la gran diversidad de levaduras sólo algunas poseen actividad pectinolítica y estas difieren en su capacidad y/o velocidad de reacción
Determinación de los cambios que genera la presencia de los Iones Mg2+, Ca2+, y Na+en la proliferación de salmonelófagos líticos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Guazá Balanta, María José; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana
One of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide is salmonellosis, which is caused by the bacterial genus Salmonella spp. The resistance to antibiotics that this bacteria has conferred begins the search for alternatives for its treatment, phage therapy being one of these. The adhesion of bacteriophages to the cell surface is the first and one of the main stages in viral infection. There are ions such as Mg+2, Ca+2 and Na+ that work as cofactors for the adhesion of bacteriophages to their hosts, resulting in an increase in the viral population. That is why in this work, based on the determination of the viral titer of a bacteriophage infective for Salmonella (4x109 PFU/mL), the changes in its proliferation in the presence of Mg+2, Ca+2 and Na+and ions were determined. The Mg+2 ion was the one in which changes were found that can potentiate the obtaining of the bacteriophage from a complex sample such as a solid environmental matrix
Efecto del estrés celular en la producción de pigmentos en la cepa rhodotorula mucilaginosa/alborubescens ajb01 aislada en el caribe colombiano
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) García cortes, Alejandra; García Vásquez, Julián Andrés; Ramírez Castrillón, Mauricio
Most of the dyes or pigments used in the industry are toxic and potentially mutagenic, with some carcinogenic effects, so their replacement and disposal of industrial effluents is a priority task. Therefore, searching microbial bio-pigments is of great interest in the industry. The objective of this work was to obtain the overproduction of carotenoid pigments in a naturally pigmented yeast through the application of different sources of cellular stress. The strain AJB01 was isolated from a sample of food obtained in Barranquilla, Colombia and its main pigment is 𝛽-Carotene. This strain was subjected to different conditions, such as osmotic stress with different salts, physical stress from exposure to UV light and light stress from exposure to different photoperiods. The best culture conditions for obtaining carotenoids were: one minute of ultraviolet light, 0.5 mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 18:6 hours of photoperiod, respectively, generating a yield of 118,33 µg/g carotenoids
Estudio de la micota ambiental de tres edificios de la universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Lasso Ceballos, Ana María; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary
The quantification of the environmental load in the indoors of the buildings (1, 3 and 4) of the University Santiago De Cali, Colombia and in their corresponding responses to the results to obtain a load value. A volumetric method and Dicloran Bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and CHROMagar Cándida culture media were used for sampling. The identification of the fungi was carried out based on macro and microscopic characteristics. Parallel to the sampling the relative humidity and temperature of each space studied was determined. This study was conducted for quarterly periods during twelve months (March 2018 to march 2019). In the study of environments of the three buildings was detected a total of 82393 colony forming units (CFU/m3) of which 60053 CFU/m3correspond to indoor environment. The results obtained showed that it was not possible to establish a correlation between the temperature and the CFU/m3 found inside the three buildings, but for the relative humidity in relation to building 4.The genera Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus were identified as the most prevalent allergenic fungi in this study. The results in the quantification revealed that the fungal burden exceeds the limits accepted for internal environments (500 CFU/m3) according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Estudio del crecimiento de Pseudomonas fluorescens en sustratos biopolímericos sintetizados a partir de residuos agroindustriales de Manihot esculenta
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Candelo Montaño, Javier; Palencia Luna, Sixta; Garcés Villegas, Viviana
Currently, plastic pollution from single-use plastics in water and soil is on the rise, causing damage to the ecosystem. Therefore, the development of new technologies for the manufacture of more environmentally friendly materials is a promising alternative to mitigate this damage. The manufacture of bioplastics from organic materials has enormous potential due to the use of residual biomass from various agro-industrial processes. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC13525 on two bioplastics synthesized from starch and residues from the cultivation of Manihot esculenta, specifically leaves and stems. The strain was isolated and morphologically studied, and growth was evaluated from the exposure of the substrates to two different culture media. The results determined that the strain had an ascending growth with an average cell density of 18.6 x 108 CFU/ml at 48 hours. Likewise, the percentage of mass loss was higher in the bioplastics with 50%. Finally, optical microscopy at 10x confirmed changes in all samples with the appearance of opacity, which translates to the presence of an attached biofilm, which is associated with microbial activity. These biofilms could have excellent application since P. fluorescens, being a rhizobacterium, could metabolize biomass and at the same time synthesize plant growth-promoting substances, therefore, the negative impact of the bioplastic on the environment would be mitigated. The evaluation through FTIR allowed to observe changes along the spectrum and in the range of 1800 to 1300 cm-1 where signals corresponding to the ⱱd C=O and N-H bonds and ⱱt N-H of peptidoglycan deposited as a biofilm in the different polymeric materials were identified
Estudio del crecimiento de S. cerevisiae en sustratos biopolímericos (biomasa residual de cultivos de yuca y almidón)
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Sánchez Chaux, María Camila; Palencia Luna, Sixta; Garcés Villegas, Viviana
Single-use plastic products are used for a very short period of time or once before being discarded, and their accumulation generates a significant negative impact on the environment. Among the alternatives to counteract these damages is the design of new technologies for the manufacture and use of biomass with potential biodegradation properties. This research aims to evaluate the growth of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 strain on a bioplastic synthesized from cassava (Manihot esculenta) residues using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The strain was isolated and morphologically studied, then the materials were inoculated for 24 h at 35 °C in both liquid and solid media, and finally evaluated using FTIR in a wavelength range of (4000 – 600 cm-1). In conclusion, microscopic observation confirmed that S. cerevisiae is a unicellular yeast with a specific morphology. The experiment in liquid medium allowed to determine that the maximum growth time was at 24 h with an average cell density of 29 x 108 CFU/ml, and the weight loss was higher in the B(h+t) with 18 %. Finally, the evaluation through FTIR allowed to observe changes throughout the spectrum and in the range of 1800 to 1300 cm-1 where signals corresponding to the ⱱd C=O and N-H bonds and ⱱt N-H of peptidoglycan deposited as a biofilm on the different polymeric materials were identified
Evaluación de Antibióticos para el Control de Bacterias Ácido-Lácticas y Ácido Acéticas en el proceso de producción de alcohol carburante en el Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Santiago Cali, 2020) Gomez Capote, Jennifer Lorena; Rojas Mora, Angélica María; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés; Silva Aguas, Santiago
The antimicrobial capacity of the bacteriocin nisin and the antibiotics neomycin and oxytetracycline was evaluated against the control of contamination caused by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB) in fermentative processes. For this, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each one was determined and fermentation tests were carried out on a laboratory scale at a concentration of 40 ppm. These tests showed that the evaluated molecules managed to decrease the contamination caused by LAB and AAB during the 48 hours of the test. During fermentation the cellular viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was maintained at over 98 percent, using oxytetracycline. For this reason they are proposed as a model for the control of bacterial contamination by LAB and AAB in fermentations.
Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de péptidos catiónicos vehiculizados en nano liposomas funcionalizados, frente a bacterias patógenas de alimentos.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Cantor Pareja, Stefania; Oñate, Jose Fernando
During recent years the resistance of pathogens present in food to antibiotics has been demonstrated. That is why, in this research project, the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic peptides Alyteserin 1C (WT) and its mutant product (ΔM) was evaluated in bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCCbaa751, Salmonella typhi ATCC25922. Use of two procedures: modification of the antimicrobial peptides and vehiculization of the peptides in liposomes coated with cationic polymer Eudragit E100. The results showed the antibacterial activity of the peptides against the bacteria. However, after the encapsulation of the peptides in liposomes coated with Eudragit E-100, the antibacterial activity was reduced from 1000 to 2000 times against the strains of Listeria monocytogenes ATCCbaa751 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922

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