Microbiología

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https://usc.scimago.es/handle/20.500.12421/93

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Evaluación del efecto de la plata coloidal, en la remoción de Escherichia coli y la obtención de un agua salubre a partir de filtros caseros
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Carabalí Ramos, Juan José; Pérez Vidal, Andrea (Directora); Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)
Water is a natural and indispensable resource for life, for this reason it is very important to supply it, in a drinkable, affordable and good quality way to be supplied to the community in general, fulfilling the physicochemical characteristics, Microbiological and sanitary concept, established in the standard, Resolution 2115 of 2007. However, despite drinking water being a right, many communities, especially rural ones, still do not have access to quality water; presenting Diarrheal Watered Diseases (EDA) and Foodborne Diseases (ETA) which are induced by the intake of unhealthy water, among other factors that help to spread the disease. For this reason, alternative techniques and / or processes for water treatment have been sought, among which techniques such as home filtration systems for obtaining drinking water have been highlighted. These filters are composed of various materials, such as colloidal silver, activated carbon, which possess antimicrobial potential and / or retention capacity of substances and microorganisms. In order to mitigate the EDA and ETA, the REPLACOL microenterprise developed and provided the EKOFIL filtration systems impregnated with colloidal silver.
Caracterización de bacterias asociadas a la rizosfera de plantas de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) sometidas a estrés por déficit hídrico
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Galindo Espinal, Diana Marcela; Zapata Gualtero, Tatiana; Corrales Ducuara, Alba Rocío (Directora); Ocampo Ibáñez, Iván Darío (Codirector)
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important energy sources in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. During the last years, its production has resulted in extreme environmental conditions. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a type of bacteria that colonize the roots and a symbolic relationship with the plant, favoring their growth and resistance even in conditions of abiotic stress. In the present study, 124 bacterial components of cassava plants M. esculenta are characterized, of which 26 rhizobacteria are identified in plants over a period of 20 days. The analyzes of the abundance of the most predominant genera are: Bacillus, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Streptomyces. These results are important for bacterial communities such as cassava cultivation and its relationship with the response of plants to abiotic stress conditions.
Caracterización fisicoquímica, sensorial y micológica del Kéfir de agua en jugos de frutas tropicales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Pedraza Morales, Yiham Stephanie; Ramírez Navas, Juan Sebastián (Director); Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora)
Kefir contains beneficial properties that promote health, which is why microorganisms isolated from kefir are studied for the development of functional foods. In the present study, the physicochemical, sensory and growth characteristics and phenotypic characterization of fungi present in water kefir in tropical fruit juices were determined. This experiment was done under a factorial design corresponding to the combination of two factors with three blocks and three replicas: type of substrate (pear juice, passion fruit and water with panela) and sucrose concentration (25%, 50% and 100%). The response variables were: acidity, pH, Brix degrees. For the microbiological analyzes, decimal dilutions were made, they were counted on the second and fifth day of incubation. The identification was made with API 20C and Vitek 2 (Biomérieux). Three yeast strains found from higher to lower number of CFU/mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 and Zygosaccharomyces spp were finally isolated with the sensory analysis it was determined that the passion fruit drink was the one that had the best acceptance and preference on the part of consumers.
Comparación de diferentes medios de cultivo para el aislamiento de hongos alergénicos a partir de ambientes y fosas nasales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Concha Alarcón, Héctor Raúl; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora); Chávez Vivas, Mónica (Directora)
Different culture media were evaluated for the collection of environmental samples (Agar Dicloran Rosa de Bengala Cloranfenicol, CHROMagar Candida, Avena Agar and , Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar + 5% NaCl) and nasal fossa samples (Sunflower seed agar, SDA and CHROMagar Candida) of workers from three University buildings Santiago from cali. It was found that there were statistical differences, p>0.05, when CHROMagar Candida and Agar Dicloran Rosa de Bengala Cloranfenicol were compared with the volumetric method. , Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar + 5% NaCl recovered the lowest number of UFC / m3, p <0.0001 when compared with the other media used with the gravimetric method and in the study of nostrils it was found that SDA was the culture medium where the higher counts P<0.0001. In this study, the Agar Dicloran Rosa de Bengala Cloranfenicol culture medium demonstrated that it is the medium of choice for the isolation of fungi from environmental samples and Sabouraud agar for clinical samples.
Validación secundaria del método filtración por membrana para cuantificar la remoción de Escherichia coli en muestras de aguas tratadas con filtros caseros
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Martínez Rivera, Jorge Iván; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)
In order to contribute with the competence so that the laboratory of the Santiago de Cali University can obtain certifications in its techniques and the support of the new technologies of disinfection and the treatment of the answers provided by the REPLACOL microenterprise with its two models of homemade ceramic pot filters impregnated with colloidal silver (EKOFIL) and reinforced inside with a column of granular activated carbon, also impregnated with colloidal silver (EKOFIL PLUS), in order to eliminate suspensions in water, microorganisms , it was searched Objective: the secondary validation of the technique through the membrane to evaluate the removal of Escherichia coli in samples of synthetic waters from home filters EKOFIL AND EKOFIL PLUS.
Biota Fúngica en fosas nasales de trabajadores de tres edificios de la Universidad Santiago de Cali y su relación con síntomas de alergias respiratorias
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Castillo Téllez, Beatriz Angélica; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora)
Allergenic fungi enter through the air to nostrils and may be responsible for some respiratory allergies. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between allergies diagnosed and undiagnosed according to the results obtained from the adapted survey of ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) and the fungal load of the nostrils of workers of three buildings of the Santiago de Cali University. The samples taken from the nostrils were made with sterile swabs and the subsequent sowing was done on Sabouraud dextrose agar, sunflower seed agar and Candida CHROMagar. In 100% of the workers (126) who participated in the study, allergenic fungi were isolated. The highest prevalence of allergenic fungi in the workers of the different buildings was obtained by the workers of block 1, finding significant statistical differences, for the genus Fusarium sp, (p=0,0018 Kruskal Wallis) and Penicillum sp, (p=0,0080 Kruskal Wallis), but not for Cladosporium sp, Alternaria sp and Aspergillus sp; likewise, the biggest fungal load was presented by the workers of this building. When analyzing the fungal 6 load found in the nasal passages and its relation with the presence of symptoms of respiratory allergies, it was established that there was significant statistical association with the genus Fusarium sp (p=0,0430 Wilcoxon Mann Whitney) and not for Cladosporium sp (p=0,1918, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney) which was the most frequently isolated genus.
Caracterización molecular de aislados de Enterobacter cloacae resistentes a carbapenemes portadores de los genes blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM y blaOXA-48, provenientes de la red de laboratorios públicos y privados del Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Guerrero de la Cruz, Daniela Andrea; Restrepo Falco, Aura (Directora)
The production of beta-lactamase enzymes by some species of enterobacteria is a serious public health problem because it causes the loss of therapeutic efficacy to beta-lactam antibiotics, which are currently used as the first alternative for the management of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, the molecular characterization of 32 phenotypically resistant Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates of cephalosporins and carbapenemes, from a private and a public entity, located in the city of Cali, was carried out. In order to detect the genes involved in resistance to these antibiotics, the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify the genes encoding carbapenemases: KPC, NDM, VIM and OXA-48. It was obtained that 50% (16/32) of the isolates are carriers of the blaKPC gene, while the presence of blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA-48 genes was not detected. The results of this study indicate that the allele that circulates in the isolates is KPC-2 and that they are not genetically related. The results indicate that 81% of patients infected with the enterobacteria carrying KPC carbapenemase come from private medical centers, 81% are male and 44% of those affected are older adults (60 years and older). Knowing the genes involved in carbapenemes resistance in these clinical isolates is an important step towards the development of specific strategies to prevent the spread of this multi-drug resistant pathogen in the municipality of Cali.
Comparación de dos técnicas para la captación de esporas fúngicas ambientales en un campus universitario
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Delgado Ñañez, Cristhian; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora)
The concordance of two fungal spore uptake techniques in the environments of three buildings of the Santiago de Cali University campus was evaluated. The gravimetric method of spore uptake was compared with the Omeliansky formula and the volumetric method (Air Ideal 3P). The environmental sampling was carried out quarterly for a period of 12 months using Dicloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar (DRBC). 64497 CFU / m3 were accounted for, of which 34930 CFU / m3 were isolated with the volumetric method and 29567 CFU / m3 with the gravimetric method. No significant statistical differences were observed with the two techniques used (p = 0.0739), with a significance level α = 0.05. The predominant genera obtained with both methods were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium, which suggests that although the gravimetric method is not as efficient as the volumetric method, it is reliable for estimating the degree of environmental fungal contamination in a similar way to the volumetric method.
Evaluación de la remoción de Salmonella spp a partir de dos calidades de aguas sintéticas tratadas con filtros caseros
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Castaño Hincapié, Ana Valentina; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)
Water is the main resource that abounds in the Earth. It is not renewable and has great importance, both for human consumption and for the rest of living beings. It is used for domestic uses or other purposes. The low coverage of aqueduct and sewerage in rural areas of Colombia, added to the fact that the implementation of potabilization in these areas entails a high cost, have favored the creation of new technologies that imply minor resources and accessibility, such as the homemade filters.
Validación secundaria del método de filtración por membrana para la detección de microorganismos indicadores de contaminación en muestras de agua de uso farmacéutico
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Guarnizo Mejía, Mariana; Nieto Ramírez, Luisa María (Directora)
Purified water is supplied in the manufacture of non-parenteral products in the pharmaceutical industry. This input requires a microbiological analysis due to the susceptibility of microbial contamination in the distribution process, thanks to the presence of biofilms, among other factors. The filtration by membrane allows detecting the causes of said contamination and for this reason it is important to verify this methodology in the industry so that it can be used as a method of quality control in the plant located in the urban area of Cali. The present work was carried out in the pharmaceutical company Sanofi Cali, where the challenge organisms used in each stage of the process were evaluated, respectively the strains ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The stages of the process were a) inoculum standardization, b) productivity and selectivity tests of the culture media (Plate Count Agar, Chromocult and Cetrimide), c) development of the secondary validation technique of the membrane filtration method. The comparison of the results obtained by two analysts was included during the validation process. The effectiveness of validation for S. aureus and E. coli and non-effectiveness in P. aeruginosa was demonstrated.
Susceptibilidad a los antimicóticos de levaduras aisladas de los sistemas de aguas de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Osorio Vanegas, Lizeth Stefania; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora); Ramírez Castrillón, Mauricio (Director)
Fungal infections increased markedly on the world. Currently, new pathogenic yeast species are reported with more frequence. The most important sources of aquatic isolation are industrial and municipal wastewaters, represented by chemical, physical and biological pollutants. The aim of this study was to characterize the antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from, water systems in Cali, Colombia. Also to assens the correlation between physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and fluconazole susceptibility, one of the most used antifungal. Two types of water were collected: potable (Río Meléndez, Puerto Mallarino) and residual wastewaters (Canal Sur, Planta de Tratamiento Cañaveralejo - PTAR). Serial dilutions were made and the samples were cultured on Dicloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar (Merck) and CHRomagarCandida (BBL) to count the CFU/mL. Study of susceptibility to Amphotericin and Fluconazole were made by the plate microdilution technique. Groupings were carried out according to their morphology and the identification of the representative isolates of each morphotype was carried out by biochemical kit (API 20C) and analysis of sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-IST2 region. 15 yeast species were identified with API 20C and six species by molecular biology corresponding to: Candida albicans, Pichia fermentans, Diutina catenulata, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Trichosporon coremiiforme and Pichia kluyveri. It was reported two morphotypes corresponding to new species of Candida.
Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de péptidos catiónicos vehiculizados en liposomas funcionalizados, frente a bacterias patógenas de alimentos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Cantor Pareja, Stefanía; Oñate Garzón, Jose Fernando (Director); Hugo Salamanca, Constain (Director)
During recent years the resistance of pathogens present in food to antibiotics has been demonstrated. That is why, in this research project, the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic peptides Alyteserin 1C (WT) and its mutant product (ΔM) was evaluated in bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCCbaa751, Salmonella typhi ATCC25922. Use of two procedures: modification of the antimicrobial peptides and vehiculization of the peptides in liposomes coated with cationic polymer Eudragit E100. The results showed the antibacterial activity of the peptides against the bacteria. However, after the encapsulation of the peptides in liposomes coated with Eudragit E-100, the antibacterial activity was reduced from 1000 to 2000 times against the strains of Listeria monocytogenes ATCCbaa751 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922.
Evaluación de la remoción de Escherichia Coli presente en dos calidades de aguas sintéticas tratadas con filtros caseros
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Dávila Estupiñán, Andreina; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)
Water is essential for life and all people must have a satisfactory, sufficient, safe and accessible supply; Likewise, it must comply with the microbiological and organoleptic characteristics established in the regulations, including the total absence of Escherichia coli, in order to be suitable for human consumption; However, a large percentage of especially rural areas do not have good quality water and have diseases for this reason, so resorting to new technologies such as household filters that help purify water, provides an alternative with tangible benefits for health.
Sensibilidad cutánea (prick test) a hongos alergénicos de los trabajadores de tres edificios de la Universidad Santiago de Cali y su relación con los síntomas de alergias respiratorias
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Calderón Quintero, Cristina; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora); Serrano Reyes, Carlos Daniel (Director)
An observational epidemiological cross-sectional study was proposed, a relation to the exposure of Fungi in intramural environments and the presence of allergenic fungi in nasal fossae was described. The study involved 126 workers from the Santiago de Cali University, who signed an informed consent and answered the adapted ISAAC survey (The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) to determine the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed allergies. 71/126 (56.3%) worked in block 1; 24/126 (19.1%) in block 3 and 31/126 (24.6%) in block 4, The "in vivo" Skin Prick Test (SPT) was performed on 75 workers. A prevalence of SPT + was found for Fusarium oxysporum of 10/75 (13.3%), Aspergillus fumigatus 5/75 (6.7%), Penicillium notatum 5/75 (6.7%), Alternaria alternata 5/75 ( 6.7%) and Cladosporium herbarum 1/75 (1.3%). This study allowed to establish a possible association between the presence of fungi in the labor environment and in the nostrils of workers with the positive response for the SPT test for Fusarium oxysporum.
Estudio de la Micota Ambiental de tres edificios de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Lasso Ceballos, Ana María; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora)
The quantification of the environmental load in the indoors of the buildings (1, 3 and 4) of the University Santiago De Cali, Colombia and in their corresponding responses to the results to obtain a load value. A volumetric method and Dicloran Bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and CHROMagar Cándida culture media were used for sampling. The identification of the fungi was carried out based on macro and microscopic characteristics. Parallel to the sampling the relative humidity and temperature of each space studied was determined. This study was conducted for quarterly periods during twelve months (March 2018 to march 2019). In the study of environments of the three buildings was detected a total of 82393 colony forming units (CFU/m3) of which 60053 CFU/m3correspond to indoor environment. The results obtained showed that it was not possible to establish a correlation between the temperature and the CFU/m3 found inside the three buildings, but for the relative humidity in relation to building 4.The genera Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus were identified as the most prevalent allergenic fungi in this study. The results in the quantification revealed that the fungal burden exceeds the limits accepted for internal environments (500 CFU/m3) according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Evaluación de la capacidad inhibitoria de extractos de curuba y moléculas bioactivas sobre el crecimiento de Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Anacona Sánchez, Paola Andrea; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director)
The intrinsic resistance that mycobacteria show to some disinfectants and antibiotics makes them a growing public health problem. Due to the fact that natural products and their derivatives have been shown to be a source of new antimicrobials, the effectiveness of hexanic, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of cascara and pulp of the fruit of the curuba (Passiflora mollisima) and some chalcone molecules synthesized by the Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds of the Universidad del Valle (Colombia), on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. The results showed that the hexanic extract of peel and a chalcone molecule, were able to inhibit the growing mycobacterium at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 100 μM, respectively. This demonstrates the potential of curuba, to obtain molecules that, like the chalcones, serve as the basis for obtaining and designing new drugs.
Validación secundaria del Número Más Probable para evaluar la remoción de Salmonella spp a partir de aguas sintéticas tratadas con filtros caseros
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Lucero Huertas, Adriana Isabel; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)
Selección y caracterización de levaduras oleaginosas aisladas a partir de sistemas acuáticos de la ciudad de Cali
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Arcos Velasco, Lizeth Vanessa; Ramírez Castrillón, Mauricio (Director); Osorio Cadavid, Esteban (Director)
Yeasts have been reported as a source of microbial oil of industrial interest, since the accumulation and lipid profile of each strain can present potential use as a raw material for the generation of biodiesel (monounsaturated fatty acids) or food (polyunsaturated fatty acids). Furthermore, oleaginous yeasts represent a promising option for this purpose, because they accumulate neutral lipids, mainly triglycerides, in a high proportion of biomass (20%-70%, w/w). So, the objective of this project was to evaluate the lipid accumulating capacity in a yeast collection previously isolated from aquatic systems in Cali, Colombia. 25 strains were analyzed to determine their possible oleaginous nature and a lipid production screening was performed by gravimetry (weight of total lipids with respect to their dry biomass), being selected the yeasts with higher percentage of lipids. These strains were identified at the species level using ribosomal regions sequencing and were compared with the sequences of type strains deposited in the Genbank and Mycobank databases. Five strains of yeasts with a yield of 20% g/g or more were selected for lipid production.
Actividad antifúngica de Alpinia zerumbet frente a mohos y levaduras de importancia clínica
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Cruz Alemán, Lady Stephanie; Benavides Gálvez, Laura Isabel; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora); Castro Narváez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)
Invasive fungal diseases (EFI) diseases to susceptible hosts, cause high impact morbidity and mortality, associated with the high resistance to antimycotics of the agents etiological associated with this pathology. The antifungal activity of extracts of Alpinia zerumbet, vs. C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus and Fusarium oxysporum was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and minimum inhibitory fungal concentration (CFI) based on NTC 2455 was used. As control sample, Fluconazole standard is considered and 96% Ethanol as a control. The alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and flowers affected good fungistatic and fungicidal activity when compared to the control and standard sample. It is concluded that the leaves compounds and flowers of A. zerumbet are promising for future research looking for compounds with antimicrobial activity for use in agriculture, food, and treatment of systemic mycosis.
Bacterias potencialmente degradadoras de hidrocarburos aisladas en Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Machacado Salas, Maryuris; Rache Arce, Diana Carolina; Rosero García, Doris Amanda (Directora)
Oil hydrocarbon pollution is one of the main problems around the world since it generates negative ecological, economic, and social impacts. Colombia has been affected by hydrocarbon spills that contaminate different environments such as water and soil. Bacteria have been reported with the ability to degrade hydrocarbons, becoming an excellent strategy for designing studies that contribute solutions to this problem. In the present study, a methodology was standardized to isolate hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in six biological oxidation lagoons and a pure leachate from a treatment plant located in the Old Navarro Landfill at Santiago de Cali city. Three tests were conducted: leachate contamination, disk test and tube test, and 17 bacterial morphotypes with degrading potential of gasoline, diesel and ACPM were found. The bacteria identified were Serratia marcescens (morphotype 97), Bacillus sp. (morphotypes 90, 117 and 263), Bacillus cereus (morphotype 120) and Exiguobacterium sp. (morphotypes 123 and 137). This work carried out to standardize a methodology to isolate bacterial morphotypes in the Old Navarro Landfill and allowed future studies to study the degradation mechanisms in bacteria, and solutions that contribute to the reduction of hydrocarbon contamination.

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