Bioingeniería
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Item Adquisición de información relativa a los niveles de colesterol en sangre mediante el análisis morfológico de la señal PPG: Estudio de factibilidad(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Villota Ojeda, María Yoselin; Villota Ojeda, Angie Vanessa; Argüello Prada, Erick JavierThe detection of cholesterol is carried out through an invasive procedure that involves the extraction of blood through venipuncture, which allows the analysis and measurement of lipids through enzymatic methods, for its part, this technique involves pain, emotional distress and risk of infection. Therefore, this study investigated whether the information provided by the morphology of the PPG signal can predict existing cholesterol levels. 160 features of the morphological parameters of the PPG signal were extracted from forty-six records of people with high (n=12), medium-high (n=18) and optimal (n=16) cholesterol levels. In addition, the correlation analysis, Relief, mRMR and F-test were used to reduce dimensionality and redundancy in the characteristics, implementing the more optimal ones in the different families of models such as regression trees, support vector machines and Gaussian processes. The combination of the selection method and model, which showed the best performance was the Relieff and Rational Quadratic GPR respectively, achieving a root mean square error (RSME) of 2,710 mg/dL and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1,372 mg/dL. Likewise, a large part of the implemented models obtained better performance with the previous method. Acquiring information on cholesterol levels is feasible using the study of the morphology of the PPG signal, in turn, these results could be useful due to the great contribution of PPG characteristics that were significantly correlated with lipid concentration in bloodItem Análisis y validación del prototipado e impresión 3d para un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales a escala de laboratorio.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Narváez Gómez, Juan Andrés; Cardénas Talero, Jose Luis (Director)The objective of this study was to design, build and validate a 3D printed educational module that simulates the main processes of a domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for educational purposes. The prototype was developed from the real system of the Cachipay WWTP, representing the aeration, sedimentation and sludge dewatering stages, by means of computer-aided design (CAD) in OnShape® and fused material deposition (FDM) fabrication using polylactic acid (PLA). A modular and scaled approach was adopted to facilitate visualization of the water path and encourage active learning in training environments. Evaluation of the prototype included functional hydraulic flow tests and technical tests to determine its durability, mechanical strength, mass loss and structural deformation after 12 weeks of continuous exposure to clean water. A 5% variation in each indicator was recorded, without compromising its structural integrity or pedagogical functionality. In addition, PLA was compared with materials such as PETG and ABS, highlighting its advantages in sustainability, ease of printing and educational applicability. The results validate the viability of the model as a replicable, accessible and effective tool for teaching water treatment processes in technical and technological contexts.Item Aprovechamiento de RCD en el proyecto urbanización Villapraga Palmira(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Pérez Tabares, Carlos Andrés; Reyes Arias, Tito ReinaldoThe dynamics of the construction sector lead to the generation of construction and demolition Waste (CDW) negatively affecting the environment subsoil, water sources and implies a significant increase in the consumption of natural resources. This model of unsustainable consumption is aggravated by the inadequate management of CDWs. In the Urbanization Villapraga, no use of CDWs was carried out, therefore it was necessary to generate the design and implementation of a plan for the proper use and management of CDWs to reduce the environmental impact of such construction and reduce production costs without affecting the quality of the product. Recovery and reprocessing processes took advantage of materials from CDWs, most of which were destined for the formation of base and granular subbase, which, when extended on the track, presented a uniform surface, without cracks, potholes, laminations or segregations generating a suitable structure for 6700 m2 of asphalt binder, demonstrating the economic and technical feasibility of using these materials.Item Aprovechamiento de residuos de alimentos generados en una clínica nivel 4 de la ciudad de Cali, mediante la digestión anaerobia.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Plaza Robledo, Juan Esteban; Rodríguez Jiménez, Lina MarianaFood waste (FW) is the predominant fraction of municipal solid waste, whose traditional management practices, mainly associated with final disposal, cause negative impacts such as a decrease in the useful life of sanitary landfills, generation of greenhouse gasses and leachates, among others. The organic characteristics of FW have potential for their management and utilization through the application of biological processes such as anaerobic digestion (AD), so the present study evaluated the potential for utilization of AR generated in a level 4 clinic for the production of biogas by means of AD. It was found that the AR had a biochemical methane potential of 323 ml/gSV produced in 925 hours. It was determined that anaerobic digestion is not only effective in reducing environmental impact, but also in generating renewable energy, contributing to energy sustainability. Although the energy produced is not sufficient for the continuous operation of biomedical equipment, it can provide significant savings in operating costs, with a potential economic savings ranging from 2.18% to 8.38%, evidencing that the implementation of AD-FW in clinics and hospitals could be presented as a promising solution for the reduction of environmental impacts and the generation of renewable energy.Item Aproximación a un protocolo de calibración para el pulsioxímetro(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Arroyo Olayo , Dayana Andrea; Realpe Gomez, Karen Patricia; Argüello, Erick Javier (Director)In clinical practice, the pulse oximeter is one of the most used devices for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases related to oxygen saturation (SpO2). For this reason, health service providers must have specific protocols for these instruments based on current regulations. However, in Colombia, the current regulations only present general guidelines for the calibration of biomedical devices and there is no standardized protocol for the calibration of pulse oximeters that is based on current regulations. For these reasons and to contribute to the improvement of quality in the provision of the health service, this monograph proposes a calibration protocol for the pulse oximeter that guarantees its proper functioning and, therefore, correct and reliable measurements. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and it included a search in 4 databases: Google Scholar, Realdcy, Scielo and universiry repositories. 354 documents published in the years 2007-2020 were found. After removing duplicates and examining each of the identified studies, 27 documents were obtained for analysis, including degree theses, legal documents, journal articles, and technical reports. The analysis showed that Colombia is the country with the largest literature on the subject and the only one where a specific protocol has been formulated to calibrate pulse oximeters, but under NTC 7025 of 2005, which makes this protocol out of date today. The proposed protocol is structured in three phases: a first for diagnosis, a second for electrical assurance, and a third and last for the actual calibration of the pulse oximeter. With this contribution, it is expected to submit the proposed protocol to a rigorous evaluation in order to detect shortcomings and make the necessary improvements for its subsequent implementation.Item Calidad de la medición del peso corporal durante las primeras etapas del desarrollo infantil: una revisión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Riascos Arboleda, Julián David; García Herrera, Felipe Augusto; Argüello, Erick JavierOne of the anthropometric variables that allow predicting possible abnormalities in the development of newborns is body weight. Just as a lower than expected value could increase the risk of the probability of dying during the first year of life, a high birth weight could also be a risk factor for developing obesity. In the case of neonates who are in intermediate therapy, weight is measured daily using a neonatal scale or a baby scale. Since the weight of a newborn is expressed in grams, the relative error can be considerable, which implies the need to ensure the quality of the results provided by these instruments. Based on this, a systematic review of the literature regarding the quality of body weight measurements in newborns was carried out. To this end, a literature search between 2007 and 2019 was performed on 6 databases: Bdigital, Iopscience, Mincit, Minsalud, Repositorio and Scielo. After removing duplicates and evaluating whether the study was really relevant, 19 documents were chosen for analysis. Of the total number of studies reviewed, it was found that Colombia does not currently have a quality assurance program for the measurements reported by baby weighing scales. This, in turn, could be attributed to insufficient national and international regulations for measurements in biomedical equipment; very expensive metrology processes for some regions; and personnel not capable or qualified to carry out metrological activities. Hence the need to carry out new studies of current regulations, both nationally and internationally in terms of quality assurance processes in the measurements of biomedical equipment for weighing newborns. This in order to promote the generation of new mechanisms that focus on improving the provision of health servicesItem Clasificación de señales de electroencefalografía para el control de movimientos de los miembros superiores(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Villamarin Pillimue, Daniel Stiven; Camues Mosquera, Miguel David; Bermeo Varon, Leonardo Anfonio (Director)The loss of upper limbs affects millions of people around the world, creating challenges in their daily lives and limiting their autonomy. New technologies, such as prostheses, are developed every year to improve communication between the user and their environment, contributing to a better quality of life. This study aims to create a system for classifying electroencephalography (EEG) signals of the opening, closing and resting movements of the right- and left-hand using machine learning techniques, seeking to improve the functionality of prostheses for amputees, with greater accuracy. For this purpose, EEG signals were collected using a real-time headset from 15 subjects, 13 typical without amputations and 2 atypical with amputations. Filtering methods, signal processing, time and frequency domain feature extraction were applied. The classifiers used were Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The results indicate that Random Forest obtaining the best accuracy, greater than 80%. This study contributes to the advancement in the classification of EEG signals suitable for movement control in the implementation of upper limb prostheses, improving the quality of life of individuals by reducing mental workload and physical effort.Item Comparación de dos instrumentos de medición de presión de biogás con aplicación en ensayos de potencial bioquímico de metano (PBM) en digestión anaerobia de residuos de alimentos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Popayan Copete, Paul Alejandro; Sanchez Bustos, Mayra Alejandra; Pérez Vidal, AndreaAnaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process in which bacteria decompose organic matter without oxygen, generating biogas, a renewable and versatile source of energy. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) assays measure the amount of methane (CH4) produced per gram of volatile solids (VS) in a substrate under controlled conditions, assessing the feasibility of obtaining energy from the anaerobic degradation of various wastes. In this work, the feasibility of obtaining energy was evaluated by BMP assays in AD with food residues, using a substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratio of 0,25 g VS substrate/g VS inoculum. Two types of anaerobic digestion (wet and dry), three headspace percentages (20%, 50%, 75%) and two biogas measuring instruments (pressure gauge and pressure sensor) were investigated. The results showed significant changes in biogas production according to the type of digestion, achieving a higher volume of CH4 with dry digestion due to the organic load in the reactors. It was observed that the treatment with the lowest headspace (20%) obtained a lower BMP value and with 50% the most favorable results were achieved in the BMP such as avoiding biogas dissolution. In relation to biogas measuring instruments, it was found that with the use of a pressure gauge, biogas losses are generated with each punch to the reactor, underestimating the BMP calculation between 16%-35% in DD and 12%-46% in WD. On the contrary, with the pressure sensor, it was easier to obtain data without interventions in the reactor, obtaining higher values in the production of biogas. The most beneficial treatment was measured through the pressure sensor with a 50% headspace and dry digestion, generating a BMP value of 187.21 (ml/grSV).Item Construcción de un dispositivo vestible para asistir a personas visualmente impedidas (pvi's) en la detección y caracterización de obstáculos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Santacruz Forero, Lina María; Vargas, Jhon Edwar (Director)Visual impairment is considered the third most prevalent disability in the Colombian population and, according to DANE, the department with the highest number of visually impaired people (VIP’s) is Valle del Cauca with 13.22%. It has been shown that it is possible to contribute to the good development of VIPs within the context of today's society through innovative technological proposals, such as white canes. However, these systems limit the autonomy of the individual by requiring the use of at least one of their hands, and their function is restricted to detecting obstacles without providing more detailed information about them, such as their dimensions. Furthermore, most of these devices have physical characteristics that make their transport difficult, and users' opinions are rarely taken into account when developing these systems. Thus, the present research aims to design and develop a portable device to assist VIPs who wish to move from one place to another, through the detection and characterization of obstacles. The design of the device was guided through a survey directed to several VIPs. After a rigorous selection of the components, it was decided to use ultrasound and infrared sensors (HRS-04 and SHARP GP2Y0A21, respectively), whose behavior in terms of distance estimation was characterized prior to the development of the device. The latter was evaluated through a series of operability and performance tests with VIPs and people without visual impairment, with their respective assessment of the degree of compliance. The results indicated that the device meets all the aesthetic (comfort, ease of use and transport) and functional requirements required by the VIP's. Hence the importance of a good choice of the types of sensors to use, of an optimal location and distribution of them in the system, of taking into account the opinion of the users within the entire development and of a comfortable and simple interface. of user / system communication that provideItem Densificación de biomasa como alternativa de aprovechamiento y valorización de residuos agrícolas(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Bermúdez Torres, Azael; Zambrano Salgado, Yesid FabiánIn this work a pelletizing system was used to densify mixtures of agricultural or forest residues. The raw materials used were coconut fiber (mesocarp), rice husk and wood sawdust. The purpose of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of processed pellets. The effect of pellet processing variables such as particle size and mixing ratios of biomass was analyzed, considering its effect on pellet quality (calorific value and physical characteristics). It was found that the three biomass are suitable as energy sources, however, the pellets of the mixture of rice husk and coconut fiber did not present a good compaction, consequently, they could present problems at the time of their elaboration, storage and transport.Item “Desarrollo de dispositivo para realizar terapia simultánea por medio de hipertermia, tens y vibración para el tratamiento del túnel carpiano”(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Trujillo Ospina, Edwin; Hoyos Torres, Uriel Edinson; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioCarpal tunnel syndrome is neuropathy that irritate the median and ulnar nerve. It can cause pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the hand and fingers. The syndrome is more common in women than in men with a ratio of approximately 3:1and affects people in the age range of 35 to 60. Irritation of one of the nerves at the base of the wrist is treated with aprotocol called ascending, which ranges from therapeutic to surgical treatments. Among the treatments are those usingsteroids or various types of medication that normally have short-term results, the surgery that always has secondary effectsand post-operative trauma that could even relapse into a total disability of the hand and those performed with hyperthermia,TENS and mobility exercises by devices, which have had good results independently and combining two of these therapies. Considering the good results that these last treatments have had in this work, a device is developed that provides therapyfor carpal tunnel syndrome employing hyperthermia, TENS and neuro-mobility techniques independently orsimultaneously, to avoid surgical treatment, which causes disability and in some cases loss of normal motor functions. Thedevice is tested on 29 (10-19) people with and without disabilities to know its acceptability and effectiveness. The results Trujillo, E., Hoyos, U. E., & Bermeo, L. A. [(2020)] indicate that the device effectively provides the treatment of the 3 combined therapies in a single device, adequatelyproviding the therapy with the acceptability of 89.7% at the time of use and 62.1% after using the device. The device will allow the specialists to execute the therapy in a complete way reducing the attention times.Item Desarrollo de un dispositivo activo para la rehabilitación del codo.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Collazos Sánchez, Alejandro; Martínez Noguera, Daniela Alejandra; Bermeo Varon, Leonardo Anfonio (Director)A biomechatronic device is a complement that helps or contributes to the proper functioning of any part of the body, depending on the pathology, to recover a lost function. Biomechatronic devices can be adapted to recover a certain function and a couple different tasks that can be used for rehabilitation. Designs are made to address pathologies, the designs are made to address pathologies, which implies that more than one device must be purchased to treat any pathology. Specifically, in the pathologies of epicondylitis and epitrochleitis, there are not many multifunctional devices that adopt more than one therapy. Besides they are of institutional use, which could generate non-attendance of the rehabilitation program. Thus, this work aims to develop a biomechatronic device that contributes to the rehabilitation of the elbow for people with epicondylitis and epitrochleitis. The Project has (i) preliminary specifications for the development of the active device to support the elbow rehabilitation process (ii) the 3D design of five different active devices that support the elbow rehabilitation process in terms of mobility, heat, and protection, and (iii) the construction of an active device chosen through a concept evaluation matrix, which allows performing elbow rehabilitation therapies from a selected design and (iv) evaluation of the device in people with epicondylitis and epitrochleitis. The results indicate that the device has a good reception with 80% of acceptability, 18% regular with the possibility of improvement, and 2% of rejection.Item Desarrollo de un dispositivo biomecatrónico adaptable al miembro superior humano para ejercicios funcionales de acondicionamiento físico(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Tovar Sánchez, Javier David; Franco Vargas, Sergio Alejandro; Arcos Hurtado, Edgar FranciscoRecognizing the importance of technology in the different processes of scientific, economic and social research, and putting it at the service of man in favor of improving their health conditions, has been a constant throughout history. Today these advanced technologies are offered only in specialized places for such purposes, which limits users in time and space to make use of them, not allowing the integration of such technologies to their daily lives and facilitate their living conditions. Another relevant aspect is the high costs associated with these technologies, a factor that prevents people who do not have economic resources from accessing them. Taking into account these aspects, and in order to reach a larger population, we developed a biomechatronic device adaptable to the human upper limb with double functionality, the first is the prevention of diseases associated with sedentary lifestyle through the enhancement of functional exercises of physical conditioning, focusing mainly on strengthening and bodybuilding in the early stages after an injury, the second is rehabilitation for people with mobility difficulties in the upper limb, either by natural causes or accidental, providing in a single portable device the ability to prevent and rehabilitate diseases and / or injuries of the upper limb. The first is the ability to prevent and rehabilitate diseases and / or injuries of the upper limb. In the process of developing the device, stages of planning, generation and evaluation of concepts, detailed design, construction, tests and adjustments were carried out to finally arrive at the prototype that managed to satisfactorily supply the bodybuilding and rehabilitation phases, the latter being the main axis, given the technical specifications required for bodybuilding in active users.Item Desarrollo de un dispositivo de reanimación cardiopulmonar en adultos para el aprendizaje de la técnica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Rios Torrado, Santiago; Rengifo Rodriguez, Manuel Alejandro; Restrepo Duque, Miguel Angel; Bermeo Varon, Leonardo Anfonio (Director)Cardio-respiratory arrest (CRA) is a significant cause of mortality worldwide, characterized by the abrupt cessation of cardiac and respiratory activity. This interrupts blood flow and oxygen transport to the brain and other organs, which can lead to brain damage or death. This is why response time takes a decisive role for immediate medical attention. But is limited by the lack of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education. Thus, in this work, an accessible and interactive device is developed for teaching CPR technique to adults, by means of a visual and auditory guide that indicates variables such as compression rate and depth to guide the user in an intuitive way, facilitating access to quality CPR training. The device was evaluated using the SUS scale (System Usability Scale), by an audience divided into 3 groups (i) health professionals, (ii) biomedical professionals and (iii) ordinary people, in order to obtain a broader view on aspects such as performance and ease of use. It was also accompanied by an evaluation that allowed for suggestions and opinions from the participant. The results indicated a mean of 76.76% on the SUS, indicating good usability and allowing practical and accessible learning. This prototype contributes to the strengthening of health education and has the potential to train anyone in CPR, significantly increasing survival rates in cases of cardiorespiratory arrest.Item Desarrollo de un manual de calidad para una empresa de metrología biomédica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Prado Franco, Valeria; Vargas, Jhon Edwar (Director)Item Desarrollo de un sistema para la gestión de mantenimiento de equipos biomédicos en el hospital san antonio de barbacoas, nariño(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Olaya Angulo, Jhonnier Andres; Rodríguez Estacio, Yonier Boanerges; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonío (Director)The maintenance management of biomedical equipment in health care institutions plays an important role in providing quality service. Its implementation will make it possible to know the status of biomedical equipment through indicators, such as equipment availability, compliance with maintenance goals, and everything about its technology, which will result in a better service. Currently, information systems through specific systems and database management allow optimal management for the quality service provision. In particular, the San Antonio Hospital located in the department of Nariño in the municipality of Barbacoas does not have adequate management systems and performs this work using excel spreadsheets, which generates problems in aspects such as security, updating, and lack of control of the information. In addition, the high flow of information causes problems with filters and migration of information to another system, which can lead to loss of information or simply not transferring the data to other formats. Thus, in this work, we developed a system for the management of biomedical equipment maintenance called SYSGEB to be implemented in the Barbacoas Hospital. The system is made in PHP programming language in the Visual Studio Code platform, it is a web application that has a web server and MySQL database. SYSGEB has functional modules that allow keeping the equipment inventory, management indicators, maintenance schedule, reports, equipment lifecycle, alarms, and warehouse and user control. For its validation, preliminary functionality and system appreciation tests were carried out using the test cases method, as well as a usability test using the EUS (System Usability Scale) method. The results indicate that SYSGEB has the necessary parameters to carry out the maintenance management of biomedical equipment in favor of quality service and with a high percentage of effectiveness of use and satisfaction on the part of the people involved in the systemItem Desarrollo de una aplicación informática para el mantenimiento preventivo y seguimiento metrológico de los equipos biomédicos en el área de laboratorio de la clínica cristo rey.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Marcillo López, María Alejandra; Mejía Parra, Santiago; Vargas, Jhon Edwar (Director)Currently, hospital biomedical management systems have great relevance because workers manage information and execute different steps to improve the quality of service and ensure safe technologies. Cristo Rey Clinic has different biomedical equipment that help diagnose pathologies in patients, for this reason the institution must ensure that the equipment is in optimal conditions. For this, a maintenance and calibration work is carried out on the equipment and, the control and monitoring is performed by Microsoft Excel®, it is here where problems have arisen because this software is not an adequate tool to manage large volumes of information and keep track of each biomedical equipment, in addition to this it has presented failures in its operation since this software is specialized in creating mathematical calculation and security problems and loss of information because there is no control over who accesses the file. In order to solve some inconveniences, in this work the development of a software called MedicLIS is carried out to guarantee the most effective and efficient maintenance and calibration management of biomedical equipment, specifically in the clinical laboratory area. the system allows to keep an exhaustive monitoring of each equipment, facilitates the fulfillment of the activities planned per month guaranteeing the fulfillment of the institutional management indicators, the system is scalable capable of supporting large volumes of information, improving the run-time in updating the information, and it is also a platform that has security codes so that this information is manipulated by personnel authorized by the institution.Item Desarrollo de una órtesis para rehabilitación de hombro con dos grados de libertad de uso domiciliario(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Valdés Olivera, Joseph Alejandro; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio; Arcos Hurtado, Edgar FranciscoLimitations in upper limb movement due to pathologies or accidents can significantly impact a person's daily life, affecting their social, economic, and professional activities. This underscores the importance of rehabilitation, which, through consistent therapies, can effectively aid in the recovery process. However, traditional rehabilitation often relies on large supportive devices, necessitating visits to care centers. Unfortunately, inconsistent attendance can lead to slow or even nonexistent progress. To address this, portable active orthoses have emerged as a potential solution, offering the possibility of faster recovery. In this study, an additional degree of freedom (flexion extension of the shoulder) was integrated into an orthosis previously developed at the University of Santiago de Cali, tailored for upper limb rehabilitation in individuals with limited shoulder movement. The implementation involved redesigning the device, updating electronic components for improved ergonomics, and incorporating a linear motor. The device underwent evaluation with 15 participants performing shoulder flexion-extension movements from rest to 70, yielding an acceptability rating of 75.6 out of 100 using the system usability methodItem Desarrollo mecánico de una prótesis para desarticulación de codo(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Salazar Rojas, Michael Alexander; Montehermoso, Melissa Sanchez; Vargas, Jhon Edwar (Director)Amputations are a procedure in which a limb is separated from the body. As a result of this process, you have a residual limb or stump. Commonly, amputations are the result of traffic accidents or work-related accidents, mostly in the agricultural sector. When an individual has undergone an amputation, his limb can be replaced by a prosthesis that will allow you to perform functions that you have lost in some way. In this work was realized a development of an active prosthesis, which will help the user to perform movements that facilitate the development of their daily activities, for example, brushing their teeth, putting food in their mouth, carrying or directing some kind as an object. These activities can be carried out because the prosthesis can perform movements such as supination and pronation of the elbow, as well as flexion (140º) and extension of the same. The design of the prosthesis has a clamp or gripper; a grip element, which will allow the user to grasp or hold objects regardless of their shape and that meet an average weight of 500gr. The clamp has a maximum (10 cm) and minimum (0 cm) opening limit. The prosthesis is designed with materials that allow its durability, materials resistant to prolonged use and rigid to execute the movements correctly, but at the same time they are light materials that do not generate a weight disproportionate to that which the patient can support, as this can cause another type of inconveniences in the health of the user. Gears were used for the transmission system and electric actuators were used for the actuation system.Item Detección de la apnea obstructiva del sueño mediante el análisis de la variabilidad de frecuencia cardíaca de muy corto plazo utilizando señales electrocardiográficas(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Figueroa Peláez, Diana Carolina; Argüello Prada, Erick JavierThe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a currently prevalent respiratory disorder, which can cause short, medium and long- term alterations in the health of those who suffer from it. This is due to the cessation or interruption of gas exchange produced during each episode, so is very important it’s identification and diagnosis. However, only a small part of this population is diagnosed and treated, since the costs and inconveniences associated with the standard test used by physicians and specialized sleep centers are high. Based on the aforementioned issues, the present study proposes a method for detecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) by analyzing very short-term heart rate variability (ultra-short-term HRV) of ECG signals. For this purpose, we used the free distribution database The Apnea-ECG Database, provided by PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge 2000, from which we calculated 1-min series of RR intervals byusing algorithms that make it possible to extract parameters, both in the time and frequency domains, and non-linear parameters (Poincaré plots), which could suggest the presence of an episode of apnea. According to the results obtained, the parameters showing greater reliability in terms of sensitivity and specificity are the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), the standard deviation of the successive differences between adjacent NN intervals (SDSD), the square root of the mean of the squares of the successive differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD), and the cardiac vagal index (CVI), being the one with the highest sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (VPN) the CVI with Se= 99.73% and VPN= 99.36%, and the one with the highest specificity (Sp) and positive predictive value (VPP) was SDNN with values of Sp= 82.90% and VPP= 67.86%, suggesting that these parameters might be used for the future development of system or devise that can detect OSAS episodes in a short time.