Bioingeniería

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Desarrollo de un dispositivo biomecatrónico adaptable al miembro superior humano para ejercicios funcionales de acondicionamiento físico
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Tovar Sánchez, Javier David; Franco Vargas, Sergio Alejandro; Arcos Hurtado, Edgar Francisco
Recognizing the importance of technology in the different processes of scientific, economic and social research, and putting it at the service of man in favor of improving their health conditions, has been a constant throughout history. Today these advanced technologies are offered only in specialized places for such purposes, which limits users in time and space to make use of them, not allowing the integration of such technologies to their daily lives and facilitate their living conditions. Another relevant aspect is the high costs associated with these technologies, a factor that prevents people who do not have economic resources from accessing them. Taking into account these aspects, and in order to reach a larger population, we developed a biomechatronic device adaptable to the human upper limb with double functionality, the first is the prevention of diseases associated with sedentary lifestyle through the enhancement of functional exercises of physical conditioning, focusing mainly on strengthening and bodybuilding in the early stages after an injury, the second is rehabilitation for people with mobility difficulties in the upper limb, either by natural causes or accidental, providing in a single portable device the ability to prevent and rehabilitate diseases and / or injuries of the upper limb. The first is the ability to prevent and rehabilitate diseases and / or injuries of the upper limb. In the process of developing the device, stages of planning, generation and evaluation of concepts, detailed design, construction, tests and adjustments were carried out to finally arrive at the prototype that managed to satisfactorily supply the bodybuilding and rehabilitation phases, the latter being the main axis, given the technical specifications required for bodybuilding in active users.
Evaluación del efecto de la plata coloidal sobre la calidad química del agua filtrada de dos modelos de filtros caseros
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Avilés Torres, Bryan Camilo; Narváez Garavito, María Alejandra; Silva Leal, Jorge Antonio
The purification of water and sanitation is a public health problem, where the technological gap in water treatment systems between the urban and rural population is evident, therefore, to minimize this problem, various treatment systems are implemented to supply water. Drinking water of communities with socio-economic limitations among them are the systems of home purification as the filter system by filtering bed of ceramic vessel. In this study we evaluated a ceramic pot filtration system, called Ekofil and Ekofil plus, which consists of a clay pot impregnated with colloidal silver and the Ekofil plus that has an activated carbon cartridge reinforcement impregnated with colloidal silver. The concentration of silver on the filtered effluent was evaluated in two models of ceramic pot filters used in the treatment of water for human consumption, for which the measurement of two types of synthetic water was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions for 10 weeks. The results obtained in both filtration models showed that the silver leaching was below the limit of 0.1 mg / L established by the EPA. According to the control variables pH, conductivity and turbidity, it was evident that the Ekofil filter was the one most in accord with what was established by Colombian regulations (Resolution 2115 of 2007) with a removal of 95.4%. Both systems of potabilization provide safe water in order to supply rural communities that do not have water treatment systems.
Aprovechamiento de RCD en el proyecto urbanización Villapraga Palmira
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Pérez Tabares, Carlos Andrés; Reyes Arias, Tito Reinaldo
The dynamics of the construction sector lead to the generation of construction and demolition Waste (CDW) negatively affecting the environment subsoil, water sources and implies a significant increase in the consumption of natural resources. This model of unsustainable consumption is aggravated by the inadequate management of CDWs. In the Urbanization Villapraga, no use of CDWs was carried out, therefore it was necessary to generate the design and implementation of a plan for the proper use and management of CDWs to reduce the environmental impact of such construction and reduce production costs without affecting the quality of the product. Recovery and reprocessing processes took advantage of materials from CDWs, most of which were destined for the formation of base and granular subbase, which, when extended on the track, presented a uniform surface, without cracks, potholes, laminations or segregations generating a suitable structure for 6700 m2 of asphalt binder, demonstrating the economic and technical feasibility of using these materials.
Elaboración de un protocolo para calibración de equipos de pesaje no automático y esfigmomanómetros bajo los lineamientos de la norma NTC/ISO-IEC 17025:2017
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Riascos Cuéllar, Leyder David; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier
The calibration of biomedical equipment classified as measuring instruments must be currently performed by accredited laboratories, as specified in Decree 1595 of 2015 that regulates legal metrology in Colombia. The goal is to ensure that the optimal operation of the technology and that the patient's safety is not compromised. Based on this, the present investigation aims to develop a protocol for calibration of biomedical equipment, specifically non-automatic weighing instruments as well as mechanical and automatic sphygmomanometers under the guidelines of the Colombian technical standard NTC / ISO-IEC 17025 General Requirements for the competence of the 2017 testing and calibration laboratories. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to review the literature guides SIM MWG7 / cg-01 / v.00 of 2009, OIML R16-1 and R16-2, which are the basis for the elaboration of the proposed protocol. In addition, the advisor of the National Accreditation Agency of Colombia provided training sessions - ONAC hired by the institution in the process of accreditation, where all the analyses were performed. These trainings focused on strengthening the competence of the personnel involved, such as basic statistics, measurement uncertainty, mass internship, pressure internship; which allowed them to acquire the theoretical and related technical bases in the elaboration of a protocol that can be adopted by any calibration laboratory.
Implementación de un procedimiento de evaluación de obsolescencia en equipos biomédicos instalados en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud de nivel III en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Ramos Sánchez, Evelyn Maritza; Aragón Cano, Vanessa; Vargas Vásquez, Jhon Edwar
The management of medical technology is a fundamental part of health institutions, which provides different tools to guarantee the operation and effectiveness of the technology. In this context, performance evaluations of biomedical equipment provide information on what is their physical-functional status that serves to verify that they are in optimal conditions and not a risk to the patient or health personnel. Therefore, it is proposed in the present investigation to develop an obsolescence evaluation procedure for a health service provider institution (IPS); For this purpose, a series of variables and criteria are determined to identify the current state of the technology within the institution and provide qualitative indicators, which provide the support to decide when it is time to make a replacement and / or device renewal caused by obsolescence. For which it was implemented in a specific area and as a product, accurate information was obtained about the medical devices evaluated for later decision making.
Diseño de un manual de calidad para la empresa ASIA SOLUTION S.A.S basado en la resolución 4002 de 2007 del INVIMA
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) De la Cruz Velasco, Andrés Felipe; Escarria Obando, Carlos Mauricio; Arcos Hurtado, Edgar Francisco
ASIA SOLUTION SAS is a company whose main activity is the import and commercialization of biomedical equipment mainly for aesthetic use, initially founded in the city of Bogotá in 2014. It is currently operating in the city of Cali, through an initial diagnosis it is possible to identify absence of information due to poor organization, undocumented procedures which has generated reports of non-compliance, return of products for guarantee due to bad storage, lack of knowledge, lack of traceability of processes, which has generated loss of credibility in customers Due to the fact that the company does not have a certified quality management system, this is how document design takes importance through engineering methodologies that allow the identification of its organizational processes, the standardization of activities, the implementation of management indicators and clear objectives with r concrete results that reduce the difficulty to implement a QMS based on Resolution 4002 of 2007 of INVIMA, which allows to mitigate not only the absence of informality in the organization but also in order to achieve certification of storage and conditioning capacity of the CCAA medical devices, minimum requirement for all importing and commercializing establishments of medical devices.
Herramienta de análisis multicriterio: Un apoyo para la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias en instituciones hospitalarias
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Montaño Saac, Leydi Tatiana; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio
The development of new technologies for health care, hospital and clinical support, has generated great impact on health and its costs, in that sense aspects such as clinical effectiveness and safety, economic impacts, the technical characteristics of these innovations, should be properly evaluated before being introduced into clinical practice. This article develops a tool for the Evaluation of Health Technologies in an institution in the city of Cali, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. Following this method, the domains and criteria based on the HH Core Model of the EuHTA were identified, which were used to build the hierarchy tree and the evaluation matrices, which allowed to obtain the priority autovectors. The evaluation of the domains and criteria was carried out by experts in charge of decision making in the institution. The verbal evaluations were interpreted numerically according to the Saaty scale. A series of matrices were constructed with each of the assessments of the decision makers, in order to obtain the priority vectors necessary to weigh the different alternatives of fetal monitoring equipment. The implementation of this tool contributed to the standardization of the evaluation processes in the institution and allowed decisions to be made more objectively, there is still the possibility of improving the tool in such a way that its use is easier by the institution's personnel.
Evaluación del efecto de la reutilización sobre dispositivos médicos de único uso en una institución de salud del Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Méndez Arana, María Isabel; Vargas Vasquez, John Edwar
The reuse of single-use medical devices (SUDs) is a common practice in our country's health institutions. Although this may lead to consequences, their extensive use is due to the costs of acquiring new devices, hazardous medical waste reduction and the positive impact on accessibility to health services. In Colombia there is no regulation that prohibits the reuse of SUDs; otherwise, the Colombian norm “resolution 2003 of 2014”, allows the reuse of a single-use medical device, as long as there is scientific evidence about its security. For this study, an analysis and characterization of five reused SUDs types in a Valle del Cauca health institution was performed: the inflatable anesthesia mask, the 23G vitrectomia handpiece, the combined constellation cassette and indigo cutters polishing and shearing, for which reuse procedures were identified and laboratory tests were applied for microbiological analysis, structural analysis and leak testing, to verify the functional characteristics of each type of medical device. As a result, it was shown that inflatable masks for anesthesia can be reused a maximum of five times, the handpiece vitrectomia 23G could be reused two and up to three more cycles, the constellation cassette can be reused up to one fifth cycle with the possibility of reuse in an additional cycle, diamond-encrusted milling cutters with a maximum of twice and for medical devices cutting cutters is left in a subsequent study where a metallographic and specialized hardness analysis will be performed by evidence of deformations found during structural analyses.
Protocolo para la adquisición de señales mioeléctricas de los músculos inervados por los nervios ulnar, radial y medial para una órtesis de mano
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Bravo Hoyos, Andrea Alexandra; Pérez Plaza, Vanessa; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio
An orthosis is an external device applied to the body at the time of a structural, functional or disability impairment, which over the years has demonstrated its benefits in rehabilitation and functionality. Currently, there are active orthotics of general design. This suggests some adaptability in the person who has a disability, leading to an inadequate use of the orthotics in many cases. An alternative is the design of orthoses in a specific way, which has limited studies. This is the case of the hand, which is one of the organs with greater external functionality in the human body and which is directly related to daily activities such as feeding and non-verbal communication, mainly. This project proposes a protocol for the acquisition of myoelectric signals in the muscles of the upper limb. They are innervated by the radial, medial and ulnar nerve, which are responsible for the movements of flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation of the hand. They also have to do with metacarpophalangeal flexion, metacarpophalangeal extension, and opposition and thumb adduction. In the future, this project can be used as a guiding base for the design and construction of a specific functional active hand orthosis. This study includes the generation of patterns of each movement and the comparison of the magnitude of the myoelectric signal, in order to determine the specific location of the electrodes. Samples of the signals were made in six people without disabilities, non-invasively. The points of greatest innervation detected by the surface electrodes in each muscle were determined. Seven (7) protocols and / or recommendations for the location of sensors in the muscles with reference in the SENIAM were obtained, with the aim of defining the appropriate combinations for the design of an active orthosis. Finally, with this study it is possible to determine the location of the electrodes for the proper classification of the eight (8) movements. Depending on the disability to be treated, the designer and / or manufacturer of the orthosis will be free to determine the necessary number of devices electronic devices according to the needs. The idea is to avoid overloaded systems of devices (sensors, actuators) that can generate trauma during the use of the orthosis and even its uselessness due to ergonomics problems or simply due to the weight of the device.
Evaluación de indicadores en la gestión de mantenimiento de equipos médicos en la Fundación Hospital San Pedro
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Erazo Benavides, Natalia Milena; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio
The management of maintenance of medical equipment in health care institutions is important, since it depends on the medical equipment have a good operation and an adequate useful life, to provide a good quality health service. The purpose of this management is to ensure the safe operation of the equipment and is considered a support tool for the institution's engineering and medical personnel, in processes such as: planning, maintenance, inventory control, providing a safe environment and minimizing outages of equipment; which allows evaluating their performance from different areas, such as technical, clinical and economic. In the technical area, functional aspects of the equipment are evaluated, in the clinical aspects related to the performance of the equipment and in the economic with maintenance costs. In addition, maintenance management of medical equipment play a major role in Hospital Technology Management, since this tool can identify possible failures that an equipment is close to have, changes required by the maintenance or engineering area, helping in aspects such as: efficiency, efficiency and productivity have a continuous improvement. This paper presents an analysis of the current state of the medical equipment of the San Pedro Foundation Hospital, which includes the inventory, the datasheet, the preventive maintenance schedule, corrective maintenance documentation and management indicators. In addition, an optimization is performed with the K-NN algorithm, which determines which personnel is most suitable to carry out a specific corrective maintenance, based on the failure history of the institution, seeking to optimize equipment attention times and the possibility of performing training updates for personnel in specific areas of maintenance.
Estimación de parámetros en la terapia de hipertermia por radiofrecuencia para el tratamiento del cáncer
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Serna Maldonado, Rafael Daniel; López Pérez, Jorge Iván; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio
Radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia is a therapy that takes advantage of the penetration qualities of electromagnetic waves to induce heating in tissues; this therapy is combined with radiotherapy for cancer treatment and chemotherapy that increases to effectiveness of treatment. The mechanism of action of this therapy is the increase of temperature in the tumor, in order to achieve apoptosis of the cell that has an excessive growth and thus generate immediate cell death. This treatment, despite demonstrating its effectiveness, has many limitations such as the low penetrability of the wave, which suggests that the treatments are usually for superficial or shallow tumor tissues. In addition, the concentration of heating at a specific point is another major problem, since when it is induced it is not limited only to tumor tissue, but it affects healthy tissues and to this is added the fact that not all patients present with same physical characteristics in the tissues, which makes the therapy different in the treatment implementation. This paper deals with the estimates of the parameters in radiofrequency hyperthermia therapy, with simulated experimental data and numerical solution of the system, by means of the Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms, to specify the treatment depending of patient. The results indicate that it is possible to estimate a parameter, obtaining excellent results with the LM optimization algorithm that allow to make a planning for therapy in a specified patient and least possible damage to normal and healthy tissue.
Densificación de biomasa como alternativa de aprovechamiento y valorización de residuos agrícolas
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Bermúdez Torres, Azael; Zambrano Salgado, Yesid Fabián
In this work a pelletizing system was used to densify mixtures of agricultural or forest residues. The raw materials used were coconut fiber (mesocarp), rice husk and wood sawdust. The purpose of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of processed pellets. The effect of pellet processing variables such as particle size and mixing ratios of biomass was analyzed, considering its effect on pellet quality (calorific value and physical characteristics). It was found that the three biomass are suitable as energy sources, however, the pellets of the mixture of rice husk and coconut fiber did not present a good compaction, consequently, they could present problems at the time of their elaboration, storage and transport.
Diseño y construcción de un dispositivo de medición de succión en neonatos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) García Arias, Lina Vanessa; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio
The sucking reflex is innate and must function properly in terms of its capacity and coordination with the other reflexes involved in the feeding process, avoiding metabolic, linguistic and neuronal complications, which if not attended to in time can lead to death of the newborn . In Latin America, the most methods used are qualitative and inaccurate, based on subjective evaluation scales such as the escalation of NOMAS (Scale of Neonatal Evaluation of the Oral Engine) and the one established by Virginia Apgar in 1953. In the present study, we describe a new wireless system for the quantitative and objective measurement of the sucking reflex in newborns that allows obtaining the results of different sucking patterns in real time. The measuring system consists of a resistive force sensor (RFP-602e). The sucking data is sent via Bluetooth to a portable computer, in which a program was developed in the MATLAB® programming environment to receive, display and store the sucking patterns. A total of ten term newborns were recruited from The Siloé siglo XXI Hospital, which is attached to the Ladera Health Network, in Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Results show that the proposed system is adequate to measure the sucking behavior of babies, even within a few hours of life, which could help doctors to detect in a timely manner the risk of delayed child development in the future.
Energía alternativa producida por microorganismos, un desafío para la generación de energía eléctrica y remoción de la materia orgánica
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Manzano Correa, Daniel; Carvajal, Lida Vivian
At the same time as the population rate grows, the demand for electric power in the planet also do it, in the actuality, the only power sources capable to support the energetical demand are got by burning of the fossil fuels, these sources generate a substantial negative environmental impact, for example atmospheric impact. The need for supply this demand must be focused on the technologies that help to the environmental impact positively, that is, named alternative energies. The appearance of renewable energies like a solar and Eolic energy, have in objective to minimize environmental impact and greenhouse effect, the MFC are a promising option in the future, well if these can be massive, that is, it must be capable to supply electrical energy to a community, because can be to remove the organic material in the generation of power supply. To explain the way of function, to sort out the conformation and composition of a microbial fuel cell, is the objective of this article.
Estimación de parámetros en la terapia por ultrasonido de alta intensidad para el tratamiento de cáncer
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) De Los Ríos Cárdenas, Laura; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio
Hyperthermia using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an acoustic therapy used in clinical applications to destroy malignant tumors of bone, breast, brain, kidney, pancreas, prostate, rectum and testicle. This technique consists in reducing the temperature in the tumor or in the specific area, to achieve coagulative necrosis and immediate cell death. Although hyperthermia can cure cancer, it can also cause side effects and even damage healthy cells or tissues. Therefore, for having a successful treatment, it is important to monitor and observe what is the tissue behavior, as well as its changes, before, during and after the procedure Mathematical models are tools that can be useful to simulate an adequate therapy by differentiating characteristics that will depend on each individual. In this work, an estimation of parameters for a direct model with rectangular two-dimensional domain is presented, the estimation was made with numerical data and simulated experimental data, both apply the same model, but the experimental data with the largest number of mesh elements and a random additive measurement error. These results demonstrate that by identifying the appropriate parameters of each patient, it is possible to predict the thermal responses of the tissue to be treated and, based on them, to plan an adequate cancer treatment by inducing heat by HIFU.
Tecnologías para la generación distribuida de energía y su aporte a las ciudades sostenibles
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Carabali Balanta, Luis Felipe; Salazar Calvache, Oscar Andrés
Cities occupy 3% of the earth surface, however, they consume approximately 75% of the electricity generated worldwide. One of the greatest concerns is the environmental impact since centralized generation uses mainly fossil fuels, making electricity generation one of the main emitting activities of greenhouse gases contributing a little more than 40% CO2 released into the atmosphere. Different studies indicate the possibility of reducing the environmental impact of electricity generation and obtain economic benefits through the integration of distributed generation in the electricity mix. This document discusses technologies used in distributed generation and how their implementation helps the construction of sustainable cities through the reduction of greenhouse gases and dependence on fossil fuels.
Evaluación del desempeño del filtro de olla cerámica EKOFIL® bajo dos concentraciones de plata coloidal
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Cuastumal Recald, Jorge Alexander; Méndez Posso, José Leonardo; Pérez Vidal, Andrea
The ceramic pot filter technology impregnated with colloidal silver is a viable alternative for the treatment of water for human consumption, characterized by its low cost, ease of handling and efficiency. In this research project, the performance of a Colombian-made filter model, impregnated with two concentrations of colloidal silver (500 ppm and 1000 ppm) was evaluated. PH, conductivity (µS/cm) and turbidity (UNT) were defined as follow-up variables and as a response variable total silver (mg/L). Synthetic water was used adjusting turbidity with kaolin (5.07 ± 0.51 UNT) and conductivity with NaCl (0.37 ± 0.5 µS/cm). The filters were evaluated under two operational conditions based on the pH of the synthetic water or tributary; in the first condition the pH was of the order of 8.60 ± 0.83 units and in the second of 5.36 ± 0.25 units. Additionally, in the first condition, synthetic water was inoculated with an average E.coli concentration of 2.1 x 103 CFU / 100 mL in order to evaluate the influence of the colloidal silver concentration on the microbiological removal efficiency. The results of the study showed that there is no significant statistical difference between 500 ppm and 1000 ppm filters in terms of the removal of E.coli in the effluent (gl=18, F=18.8.49, p=0.41) reaching average efficiencies 98%, in addition to evidencing that there is no health risk since the maximum concentration measured was 0.03 mg Ag/L in the 1000 ppm filter. The average turbidity of the effluent was 0.47 ± 0.22 UNT for the 500 ppm filter and 0.59 ± 0.25 UNT for the 1000 ppm filter, showing that there are no significant statistical differences in terms of turbidity (gl=43, F=47.49, p=0.29 ). It is concluded that increasing the concentration of silver in the filters does not influence the efficiency of microbiological removal and, on the contrary, it could unnecessarily increase the cost of the filtration system, being advisable to impregnate the ceramic pot with a concentration of 500 ppm.
Revisión de métodos de calibración para monitores fetales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Contreras Vélez, Jhon Jairo; Vargas Vásquez, Jhon Edwar
Current national regulations requires health service providers to calibrate biomedical equipment containing measurable variables and used in hospitals. This activity generates greater reliability in the operation of the equipment and increases the quality of health care services. To perform the calibration, it is necessary to create and validate methods for each piece of equipment, taking into account the variables that are part of its system. Currently, the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce (SIC), which is responsible for issuing technical regulations for the standardization of methods, has not issued such guidelines for all biomedical equipment; therefore, each company providing calibration services must create and validate its own methods (non-standard methods). One of the equipment that does not have standardized methods is fetal monitors, which are diagnostic equipment used by medical personnel to evaluate information related to fetal heart rate and uterine activity. Considering their importance in clinical practice, the principle of operation is identified, the variables it measures and the operating ranges relevant to each variable in the clinical setting are analyzed. The use and information evaluated in a cardiotocography test (CTG) is then briefly explained. Finally, a review of existing calibration methods for fetal monitors is provided. It is important to note that the methods mentioned for each variable are taken from various authors with emphasis on those where information is certified by accrediting bodies, where the method and the measuring instrument or simulator applied is evaluated.
Métodos para la calibración de desfibriladores: una revisión
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Ruiz Aguayo, Jefferson; Delgadillo Barbosa, Fabián Camilo; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio
The defibrillator is a biomedical device that generates an electrical impulse through external electrodes located on the chest, or internal paddles directly to the heart, to reverse cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia, mainly. The good functioning of this equipment is of vital importance where the calibration takes a determining role in the use of the equipment to avoid adverse events. The calibration process of a defibrillator consists of comparing the quantities with the analyzer. Currently, there are several defibrillator calibration methods, where health institutions and metrological laboratories do not have the resources to define the most appropriate method, implementing the one that best suits their needs. In this paper, calibration methods are described, and, through a systematic study, standardization of a method is suggested, considering all its uncertainties and parameters. A review of the defibrillator calibration methods is carried out in databases such as Dialnet, Scielo, Science Direct, Google Academic, texts and theses from different international and national universities, finding 15 articles in a period from 2005 to 2019. The results indicate that the method proposed by Llamosa, Meza & Villareal is the most complete because it takes all the uncertainties that affect the measurement, such as the accuracy of the work pattern, resolution of the work pattern, resolution of equipment to be calibrated and repeatability of readings. It is recommended to change the 4000 analyzers to the 7000DP because the accuracy of the 4000 analyzers has high values that reduce the reliability of the method.
Evaluación de metales pesados en partículas totales en suspensión en los alrededores de la Universidad Santiago de Cali
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) López Morales, Sharom Andrea; Reyes Arias, Tito Reinaldo
Air pollution related to inhalable PM10 particles poses an environmental problem due to the possible effects on health and wellbeing in the population, which these pollutants can generate. Among the substances that are part of the components of PM10, heavy metals stand out; particles that alone can cause a variety of alterations on health and the environment. The uncertainty about the true levels of these metals in the atmosphere makes it necessary to evaluate their concentration at atmospheric level and identify if they comply with the regulations on air quality in force at the study site. In this research project, four heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr) were analyzed with a high probability of being presented in environmental samples collected from four points of the Santiago de Cali University. To achieve this, the samples were subject to acid digestion processes and analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method, determining their concentration and comparing the results with current regulations. The results show compliance with the regulations for the permissible contamination limits related to the concentrations of two of the four metals selected for the Cu and Cr study. Cadmium and Lead on the other hand, fails to identify reliably, the values resulting from the analysis are too small to be adequately detected by the characterization method used for this investigation. However, the results are conclusive regarding the presence of these metals in the medium. The presence of chromium and copper in the environment is directly related to the physical characteristics of the study area, such as the high vehicular flow on nearby roads and to the meteorological behavior during the days of Sharom Andrea López Morales. [(2019)] collection. It is considered advisable that the city surveillance system presents disaggregated data for certain predominant metals in the air in order to identify problem foci within the daily monitoring of total suspended particles (PM10 and PM2.5).

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