Maestría en Ingeniería Industrial
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Item Propuesta de modelo matemático para la optimización de procesos de producción y el bienestar en la industria manufacturera considerando variables ergonómicas basado en la NTC 5693-3(2024) Llanos Muñoz, Phanor Osvaldo; Guaita, WilfredoThis research article proposes a mathematical model based on NTC 5693-3 that considers ergonomic variables to optimize production processes and their relationship with well-being in manufacturing companies. An empirical methodology was used that included an exhaustive literature review, the identification of relevant ergonomic variables in each ergonomics domain (physical, cognitive and organizational), the selection of measurement tools, and data collection. The results obtained allowed structuring a proposed mathematical model that seeks to predict the relationship between ergonomic variables and production variables. This study provides valuable information on the relationship between welfare and productivity variables, which will allow companies to have a preventive model that will allow them to identify conditions to optimize the health, safety and efficiency of workers and, therefore, increase the profitability of the organization.Item Diseño de una cápsula médica para análisis de los signos vitales por adquisición autónoma de señales(2023) Aya mejía, Andrés Felipe; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioAt present, there is a worldwide need to make up for the lack of professional health personnel in clinics and hospitals, which is generating a delay in time to prioritize the particular critical care of each person who visits these institutions. This research and development is focused on assisting the tasks of health personnel with the design of a medical capsule that contributes to the process of primary patient care through the (i) automation of vital signs measurements, (ii) comfortable and safe auscultation area, (iii) monitoring of the patient general condition, (iv) fast response to a cardiorespiratory arrest event and (v) the ability to become a table for surgical procedures of medium and high complexity. This project is focused on meeting the needs of institutions with an advanced level of biomedical technology, in which it is necessary to take advantage of space, offer the best guarantees of asepsis to the patient, and guarantee the perfect functioning of the equipment to avoid adverse events. The project includes the legal guidelines related to the manufacture and commercialization of the device. The MEDPOD design is the first step in the construction and implementation of a medical capsule in a healthcare institution.Item Propuesta de mejora para la gestión de proyectos tecnológicos en una empresa manufacturera(2023) Cuasialpud mamian , Ricardo Andres; Marcus Martínez, AlejandroThis article focuses on proposing an improvement to manage the portfolio of technological projects in a company whose core business is to manufacture tangible products, establishing a clear process in the execution of each implementation, detailing roles, stages (prioritize, execute, standardize and control), indicators, tools and a fixed document model. Finally, the results are evaluated as a strategic practice in which the impact at organizational level is identified to detail the causes and benefits obtained in the implementations.Item Simulación en Dinámica Sistema de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica en Nariño.(2023) Espinoza Ortega, Gerson; Wilfredo GuaitaThis article aims to model the healthcare system for comprehensive healthcare of CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) in the Department of Nariño using system dynamics. To achieve this, the burden of CKD in the Department of Nariño was projected through data search and collection from secondary sources such as articles, DANE National Population and Housing Census 2018 - CNPV-2018, Higia de CAC, SISPRO, Nariño Departmental Health Institute (IDSN), and the Bank of the Republic of Colombia. Model and submodels were constructed using system dynamics in the Vesim tool to simulate the causal chain of the disease, obtaining prevalence, incidence, mortality, stage transitions, healthcare costs, and service supply for CKD and its precursor diseases from 2018 to 2050. The estimated prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in the Department of Nariño was 25.20%, and for diabetes mellitus (DM) it was 6.70%. The most common stage of CKD was stage 3, accounting for 43.53%. Hemodialysis was the most frequent type of renal replacement therapy (RRT), with an average of 62.64%. The average per capita healthcare cost for individuals with HTN and/or DM was $701,685. The average per capita healthcare cost for CKD without RRT was $801,459, while for CKD with RRT, it was estimated at $36.88 million per person, making it 529.65 times more expensive than the healthcare for the HTN and/or DM population without CKD. The total cost of CKD precursor diseases and CKD during the study period ranged from 6.39% to 11.08% of the Unit Cost Per Capita (UPC). In conclusion, the prevalence of CKD precursor diseases and CKD is increasing, as well as the cost of intervention in the Department of Nariño, due to late detection, high prevalence, rapid progression, and expensive treatment of advanced stages of CKD.Item Implementación de Lean Six Sigma y Design Thinking como herramienta para la reactivación económica de una PYME comercializadora de Cali.(2023) Dosman Riofrio, Stephany Nicole; Galeano González, Hernando; Garcia, Juan CamiloGlobalization requires companies to maintain their competitiveness by ensuring service levels that have an impact on customer satisfaction, inventories being one of the most relevant aspects in guaranteeing the maintenance of service levels. For companies that market products for the health sector, the issue takes on greater meaning since it involves risks. Although the issue of inventories has been widely discussed in the literature, it is still a current issue, considering the relationship between demand and customer expectations, the increase in the variety and types of items, the obsolescence of products and the management of them through global supply chains, which makes the decision-making process on the subject more complex. This research was carried out through a case study, in a Colombian company that markets reagents and supplies for clinical laboratories and blood banks, it was developed through the stages of the DMAIC methodology and combined the use of quality tools, continuous improvement and design thinking, to design improvement strategies including the design of an external inventory control module. The results of its implementation are included, evidencing its effectiveness through the decrease in the weekly average value of the cost generated by the products removed from the inventory.Item PROPUESTA DE MEJORA IMPLEMENTANDO LA HERRAMIENTA A3 AL PROCESO DE PASTEURIZACION DE SALSA DE TOMATE EN UNA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS MASIVOS(2023) Hernandez Pacheco, Daniela; Garcias Jimenez, Juan CamiloIn different companies we have chosen to use the Lean manufacturing methodology with the proposal to solve the different problems that can arise over time throughout the supply lock and in the different stages of the production processes (Valencia, 2015). There are around sixteen proposals for lean methodology tools, configured for each situation that is required, whose objective is to help make the processes more effective. This study was based on focusing on the use of the A3 tool to solve a problem in the center of a food factory dedicated to the production of tomato sauce in mass production, the A3 format is a tool implemented and developed by Toyota Motor Corporation in order to propose solutions to problems and present various ways to address them (Kurganov, Sai, Gryaznov, & Dorofeev, 2020), provides on ongoing projects, provides information on the results of various information-based compilation activities. in the PDCA cycle: Plan, do, check and act (Shook, 2018). The purpose of this degree work is to make use of Lean with a focus on the A3 tool to solve a problem given by quality deviations, which pending the period comprised by the year 2021 had the food factory under study, thus hoping to be able to bring an action plan with objectives that guarantee the mitigation of the anomaly and seeking the effectiveness of the production process, it should be noted that the balance of this project is based on the pasteurization process of tomato sauces under the TTC system.Item Propuesta de cultura de prevención de riesgo en una empresa del sector industrial de la manufactura dedicada a la fabricación de tuberías y accesorios de PVC en Colombia(2023) Abonia Mera, Rodrigo; Campo Mazorra, Jose LuisThis company faces a problem related to the risk of workers, since some of them do not fully comply with the established norms and rules, incurring in unsafe behaviors. For this reason, it was proposed as a general objective, to develop a proposal on risk prevention culture in the face of the high level of accidents among workers related to factors of unsafe behavior. The type of research is classified as descriptive-explanatory with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative), it was based on the accident rate indicators of the company, on the SGSST standards report (table of values and qualification) and on interviews with supervisors and plant leaders. The results of the investigation show that the accident frequency index presents a behavior of low variation between the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, in 2020, the index was 0.81%, for 2021 it was 0.51%. and for 2022 the index was 0.6%, based on the three years an average of 0.64 is obtained, which explains according to resolution 0312 of 2019 that for every 100 workers who worked in the month, fewer of a work accident; Regarding the severity in the year 2020, on average monthly 0.72 days were lost for every 100 workers; in 2021 it was 0.16 days per 100 workers and in 2022 it was 1.38 days per 100 workers. In the last three years, work accidents continue to occur, although controls are applied, a large part of these accidents correspond to unsafe behavior of workers. To contribute to the solution of the problem, it was proposed to strengthen the culture of risk prevention in order to mitigate occupational accidents, since the progress of the company in this matter cannot be ignored (according to the report on SGSST standards defined in the Resolution 0312 of 2019 and applied to the company in 2022, a rating of 96% was obtained); but the shortcomings that have not allowed the culture to prevail in all the personnel cannot be ignored either. The proposed model has three pillars: training for all personnel, an awareness campaign on unsafe behavior, and monitoring and controlItem Estrategias de Mejora del Turismo Sostenible de los Diferentes Actores Empresariales para el Caso del Municipio de Guadalajara de Buga.(2023) Ossa Solano, Katherine; Campo Mazorra, José LuisSustainable tourism is important because it helps to conserve available resources, impacting the communities economically and socially. The municipality of Guadalajara de Buga has cultural, heritage, and natural attractions, among others; which, by not being protected and providing them with a good treatment of their own and visitors, are in danger of degradation or extinction, according to the above, this study focused on proposing strategies to improve sustainable tourism of the different business actors of the municipality of Guadalajara de Buga, in the department of Valle del Cauca, which has been part of the Network of Heritage Towns since 2013 and receives an average of about 3,000,000 million tourists a year, for which an investigation with a qualitative approach was carried out. of a descriptive type, inductive method taking into account that the scope of the guidelines and indicators of tourism sustainability was identified, taking as a reference the proposal of indicators of the Center for Tourism Thinking of Colombia and the levels of tourism sustainability of the municipality were described. Based on the above, a proposal was made that is made up of forty-six indicators, grouped into 4 macro dimensions for the construction of the Guadalajara de Buga Tourism Sustainability Indicator (ISTGB), which allowed assessing the state of tourism sustainability of the municipality and Design improvement strategies for the business sector.Item Análisis del desempeño operacional de una empresa del sector retail del Valle del Cauca ( Colombia ), mediante la aplicación de la técnica de Análisis Envolvente de Datos ( DEA ).(2023) Polania florez, Carlos Julio; Jose Luis Campo MazorraThe measurement of operational performance, particularly in the retail sector, has not been sufficiently studied in Colombia. A company in this sector, which lacks the technical tools to know the behavior of its operational efficiency, faces a critical situation given the risks it assumes with its current commercial strategy of opening points of sale in the country. The objective of this study is to formulate a plan to improve the operational efficiency of a company in the retail sector of Valle del Cauca (Colombia), applying the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) technique. DEA implies the determination of DMUs (Decision Making Units), of the input and output variables, to carry out mathematical optimization processes that allow classifying said DMUs as efficient or inefficient. The study assumes each of the points of sale as DMU and considers input and output variables relevant to the measurement of operational efficiency with respect to logistics and commercial performance, based on information provided by the company corresponding to 41 months of activity. (January 2018 to May 2022) in all its offices, located in 6 cities in the country. As a result of the study, the modifications that must be applied to the Input / Output variables of each inefficient DMU are generated, to achieve optimal efficiency, synthesized in an improvement plan.Item Propuesta de un modelo para reducir la perdida de material de embalaje en una empresa comercializadora de productos cárnicos(2023) Arias Cardenas, Luis miguel; Ivan Orozco OrdoñezA meat products company specializes in the commercialization of meat products in the market, within its commercial activity it uses plastic baskets to deposit raw material and finished product. For the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, the company has increased its physical loss of packaging material in the distribution center, which implies that the theoretical balances do not agree with the physical material that should be in the warehouse, and the controls that are established by the company do not seem to have the desired effect, for this reason, in search of a solution to the loss of packaging material, it is proposed to work under academic tools such as the Pareto diagram, porter matrix and cause-effect matrix that will be led for the human talent that the company allocates to deal with this environmental, logistical and financial problem that represents tangible and intangible losses as the years go by. In the document, the different indicators and monitoring strategies can be evidenced to solve the problems that the company is experiencing and that thanks to the proposed strategies, a positive trend can be observed in terms of reducing the loss of packaging material.Item Análisis de Factores Relacionados con la Deserción de Estudiantes de Programas Profesionales en una Institución de Educación Superior de Santiago de Cali(2023) Ordoñez Arisitzabal, Leiny Dayana; Ivan Orozco OrdoñezDesertion is understood as the early departure of a student from his program, institution or system and is considered one of the main problems facing institutions and governments since it generates negative consequences for the actors involved. That is why you must take actions for student retention, within these actions, one of the first is to know the context of the phenomenon that is happening. According to this, the objective of the present research is to identify those factors related to the dropout of students from professional programs of a public institution of Higher Education of the city of Santiago de Cali having as sample students enrolled between periods 2019-1 to 2022-2. The study required a series of stages for its development starting by documenting the information necessary for the development of research such as documentary information and study data (5166 records), a second phase where applied research was carried out with the construction of a predictive model using logistic regression, which allowed determining the variables that at the individual level have the greatest influence on the decision to defect, which allowed to have a predictive capacity of 0.70. Among the results that stand out from the research is the economic aspect, which within the institution is not one of the variables that influence an individual’s decision to leave his studiesItem Impacto y beneficios en la industria de autopartes: una revisión desde la Metodología SIX SIGMA(2022) Alvarez Galeano, Edward Lenin; García Cuervo, CarolinaThis article aims to describe the main benefits of the application and implementation of the Six-Sigma (SS) methodology, through a documentary review of case studies and theoretical aspects where some concepts such as: DMAIC cycle, Continuous Improvement, Quality Tools, among others, are analyzed. It also identifies the main impacts on the auto parts industry in terms of economy and use of resources. The auto parts industry has undergone a constant evolution due to new market demands. For this reason, research, knowledge and the adoption of new techniques are necessary for the improvement of processes in order to achieve the proposed objectives through analysis and execution of projects. This review aims to understand the importance of the SS methodology, in order to develop strategies that are forceful and generate positive results in industrial production and adoption of changes in labor competencies. Cases of projects from different parts of the world, taken from the specialized literature, were chosen to analyze aspects of the deployment of the DMAIC methodology and the achievements reached in the control of process variability. Some of the most important contributions in the adoption of the SS methodology in the cases studied were: the reduction of defective units, improvements in performance indicators, stabilization of processes, savings represented in monetary units and that the execution times of each project did not exceed 12 months.Item Propuesta de mejora en las órdenes de trabajo del proceso Central de Operaciones en una empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado(2023) Anzola Patiño, Diego JuliánCurrently, the regulations applicable to basic public service companies seek to focus administrative management on making their processes more efficient, that is, do more with the same resources. For this reason, activities at all levels are increasingly evaluated to meet strategic objectives, which in general terms are to generate profits and increase the level of customer satisfaction. In the present case study for an aqueduct and sewerage company in the area of operations, an accumulated inefficiency factor of 18% was identified for the year 2022 in the attention to reported damages that resulted in ineffective visits, implying waste of human, logistic and technological resources. The above motivated a formal analysis of its causes with the objective of proposing actions or measures in order to mitigate the problem found. To achieve this purpose, descriptive research was used, focused on explaining why a phenomenon occurs and under what conditions it manifests itself, the relationship between the identified variables and the formulation of an action plan. With this practical research exercise, its applicability was demonstrated in a public drinking water and sanitation company, specifically in its attention to aqueduct and sewerage damages, which is coordinated through work orders in a process known as Operations Center.Item Transformación lean: propuesta de mejora al proceso de facturación en una empresa de servicios bajo la implementación de la herramienta 3(2022) Lenis Freire, Natalia Maria; Garcia Cuervo, CarolinaThe structure of A3 allows the author and problem-solver to observe the reality, present the facts, propose a logical way to close a gap with respect to the established goal, present a plan of countermeasures and actions, which will then be developed with initiatives and projects of low, medium, and high complexity, in the short, medium, and long term, and then review the process, verify the results, and adjust as necessary. The A3 process is a method to develop critical thinking skills in a structured and standardized way by focusing on first understanding what problem the organization is trying to solve, to propose solutions that at the end of the exercise, maximize value for customers and minimize the use of resources. This article is just the beginning of a hard and robust process of transformation to the world of lean in a service company in which I am a leader in its implementation. Starting by selecting a culture and methodology to implement into the organization considering its problems and necessities is only the first step towards the road of transformation. This work doesn't document the complete process, instead it exposes the how, when, and where to take that first critical step so that everything else can be developed in the right way and so that at the end of the journey, both qualitative and quantitative results can be achieved. The ability to solve problems in a structured way is today an essential skill for people in a company that looks to continue leading in the market, from the operational level to the process and management leaders, for this reason this tool is proposed as an impulse to develop people.Item Implementación de un método de mejoramiento continuo en el proceso de curado para una empresa productora de acumuladores de energía(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Velasco Conda, Jairo; Romero Perlaza, Luis Arley; Guerrero Moreno, DavidItem Propuesta de un modelo de análisis, monitoreo y reducción de deserción estudiantil para una institución de educación(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Filigrana Viera, ElizabethA review of the literature of different authors is carried out, starting with definitions of desertion making analysis among them and how the problem of desertion has been analyzed over time, followed by classification in time if early, early or late desertion or space is presented. if it is voluntary, involuntary, by career or institution, and the reasons that lead to desertion. After completing a context analysis, student dropouts are addressed at the Engineering Faculty of Santiago de Cali University, composed of personal, socioeconomic, and institutional characteristics, using a method called Machine Learning with the RapidMiner tool. The data provided contain information provided from the entry of students (socioeconomic status, age, marital status) and during their stay in the race. The collection, cleaning and analysis of data is done to use representation criteria and then the respective application of classification algorithms between decision trees using data mining classification, association and grouping. With the information of those who defected, a classification was made in Random Forest, which generated random forests that serve as analysis to determine the abandonment and with the information of enrolled people, a decision tree was obtained. The identification of variables that influence in the desertion, averages of notes, lost courses, tests of income. Through this process the attributes that characterize the cases of desertion and the relationship with academic performance in the first semesters are identified.Item Disminución de grietas en las láminas de Fibrocemento en la planta Eternit Colombiana S.A.(2018) Rivera Campo, Saulo; Díaz, Pedro JoaquínEl proyecto de investigación “Disminución de Grietas en las Láminas de Fibrocemento” se llevó a cabo en la empresa Eternit Colombiana S.A., perteneciente al sector de la construcción en Colombia y pionera en la fabricación de productos basados en mezclas de fibras minerales y vegetales las cuales son encapsuladas con cemento. Entiéndase como grieta a la “hendidura alargada que se produce en un cuerpo sólido” Pérez y Gardey (2014), la cual genera rechazo de acuerdo a las especificaciones de calidad que posee el producto y en especial el de exportación pues dicho material debe ser pintado. Este documento contiene el problema de investigación el cual incluye una breve descripción del proceso e igualmente el árbol del problema, la justificación donde se exponen las razones por las cuales se realizó dicho estudio, el objetivo general del proyecto, los objetivos específicos, el marco teórico, la metodología de trabajo, los resultados, las discusiones y las conclusiones. El trabajo se fundamentó en el método científico, las teorías de la administración de la calidad y las teorías sobre materiales por los ingredientes administrativos y técnicos que posee. Dicho estudio se desarrolló porque la empresa sufrió pérdida de ventas en el mercado de exportación causadas por la falta de disponibilidad de material para ser despachado de manera oportuna, debido a problemas de grietas en sus productos terminados. La solución trajo consigo una importante mejora en la calidad, lo que pudo a su vez afianzar la imagen de marca al igual que sus resultados financieros.Item Diseño del sistema de indicadores para evaluar la competitividad del egresado en programas de posgrado para una Institución de Educación Superior(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Ortíz Rincón, Gabriel Alberto; García Jiménez, Juan CamiloEl presente trabajo busca abordar el estudio de los egresados de los programas de posgrado de una institución de educación superior de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, con una perspectiva de competitividad, a nivel internacional este grupo es visto como un elemento que mide la gestión curricular y la calidad educativa de forma cualitativa, donde muchas de las valoraciones se tornan subjetivas, en el estudio consignado en este documento se evaluaran diversos criterios de medición de egresados, mediante la utilización de un modelo matemático se priorizan los criterios de mayor importancia para la medición del egresado, para finalmente con esta información construir un sistema de indicadores que evalúen el impacto del egresado en el mercado laboral.Item Estudio sobre la estructuración del alcance, desde un enfoque general de éxito, para los proyectos financiados por el FCTel-SGR. Estudio de caso Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Ramírez Guespu, Julián Andrés; Rubiano Palta, Lina Marcela; Motoa, GerardoEste es un estudio de investigación aplicada sobre la estructuración del alcance, desde un enfoque general de éxito, en los proyectos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación CTeI financiados con recursos del Sistema General de Regalías, en el periodo comprendido entre 2012-2015 en el Valle del Cauca. En él, se realiza un análisis crítico de la normatividad del sistema, mediante el estudio de casos de catorce proyectos se analizó la inclusión de indicadores de medición desde un enfoque general de éxito. Finalmente, se plantea una propuesta de estructuración desde un enfoque general de éxito mediante la inclusión de indicadores de medición del mediano y largo plazo para proyectos de este tipo.Item Propuesta de diseño del modelo de distribución de entregas especiales para mejorar el nivel de cumplimiento en las rutas de la zona sur de la Empresa TCC S.A.S. Regional Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Meza Quiñones, Yesid Andrés; Masso Alzate, Jhon AlexanderEl modelo de distribución actual del operador logístico TCC S.A.S está direccionado a atender las necesidades de entrega y satisfacción del cliente entre los diversos sectores que componen la economía local y nacional, para ello dispone de una flota de vehículos que operan de acuerdo a una programación basada en la información de los servicios de recolección que de manera diaria se realiza para cada una de las rutas establecidas de forma estática, dentro de esa información que alimenta el proceso de distribución, se clasifican dos tipos de entregas: (regulares y especiales). Las entregas regulares son aquellas direccionadas a lugares que no manejan ningún protocolo especial de recepción de mercancía o espera de turno y que no demanda más de 20 minutos para hacerse efectiva, caso contrario, las que se denominan como entregas especiales, requieren ajustarse a unos protocolos de recepción de grandes empresas y almacenes de cadena, que demandan invertir tiempos de espera de más de una hora para dar cumplimiento a la entrega. El modelo de distribución actual de la empresa, combina estos dos tipos de entrega, donde las entregas especiales, están afectando el nivel de cumplimiento de las entregas regulares y el proceso de recolección, niveles que se encuentran en una tasa entre el 70 y 75%, convirtiéndose así en objeto de estudio a través de la pregunta ¿Cómo es el diseño del modelo de distribución de entregas especiales que mejora el nivel de cumplimiento en las rutas de la zona sur de la empresa TCC S.A.S. regional Cali?. Para resolverlo se analiza el modelo de distribución actual de la empresa, en la zona sur, zona de estudio para este caso, donde se describe cada una de las rutas que la componen, extensión perimetral , datos de las cantidades de remesas, unidades y peso diario y mensual, sobre todo las entregas especiales que atiende cada una de ellas, luego se pasa a definir el método de ruteo, para esto se selecciona el método del algoritmo de los ahorros o Clarke & Wright para la entregas especiales, apoyado de una definición de mallas o días de entrega para cada una de ellas. Como tercer paso la selección del método se lleva a una aplicación de la práctica diaria en la vida real en dos rutas, donde se evalúan durante dos semanas el comportamiento de las rutas y los resultados que se obtienen de la implementación del modelo de distribución propuesto. Los resultados obtenidos de la muestran una mejora en comparación a un periodo de tiempo similar en un año atrás del que se realiza la práctica y a otro respecto a un mes anterior, lográndose reducir el costo operativo y aumentando hasta en 7 puntos el índice de cumplimiento de entregas, pasando de un 73% a un 80% en comparación entre los años 2017 y 2018. Al final se puede concluir que el modelo propuesto funciona, pero que en una mejor medida se debe aplicar simplemente a los almacenes de cadena, al ajustarse así muy seguramente la efectividad se reduzca, llevando al final a plantear la necesidad de elaborar una estrategia conjunta entre todas las partes que componen la cadena de abastecimiento, que permitan pactar unos horarios y así reducir en su máxima expresión esos tiempos muertos de espera que se generan al momento de atender este tipo de entregas y el cual resulta ser demasiado costoso.