Química Farmacéutica

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Desarrollo y evaluación de una formula cosmética de fabricación artesanal de forma barra jabonosa a base de peróxido de benzoílo para la limpieza y el control del acné
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-09-29) Quintero Hincapié, Henry Mauricio; Ramírez Rico, Diana Carolina; Miller Peluffo, Jhon Alexander (Director); Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director)
Benzoyl peroxide has established itself as an effective therapy for the treatment of acne since its discovery in 1929. Currently, it is available in various commercial presentations, such as creams, gels, soap bars and syndets, which allows it to be adapted to the needs and preferences of each user. In order to offer an innovative and practical option, a cosmetic formula in the form of a bar containing 2.5% benzoyl peroxide was developed and evaluated. This product is specially designed for those who seek to care for and maintain adequate control of acne-related disorders, providing an effective and convenient alternative for their daily care routine. Three prototypes of 2.5% benzoyl peroxide sticks were developed using different solvents: 96% potable ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol and glycerin. These prototypes were subjected to extensive analysis to evaluate organoleptic (color, odor and appearance), physicochemical (pH, moisture content and free alkali content) and microbiological quality parameters. Tests were conducted under natural stability conditions, with a temperature of 30 ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 75 ± 5%, at intervals of 0, 15 and 30 days, using samples packed in cardboard folding cartons. The results showed that there were no significant changes in color, odor, pH, free alkali content or bacterial growth in any of the prototypes. However, slight variations in moisture and texture of the bars were observed. These findings confirmed that, under controlled conditions of temperature (30 ± 2 °C) and relative humidity (75 ± 5%), the benzoyl peroxide cosmetic bar made with alcoholic solvent and packaged in cardboard folding carton maintained its stability during the 30 days evaluated, complying with the established quality parameters. This study supports the viability of this formulation as an effective and stable option for acne care.
El papel de los inmunoensayos en la detección de drogas y venenos, perspectivas forenses: Una revisión sistémica
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-07-01) Bolaños Gómez, Julieth Andrea; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director)
This systematic review covers the use of immunoassays in the detection of drugs and poisons within the forensic field, highlighting their value as important tools for rapid and effective diagnoses. Methods such as ELISA, immunochromatography, and fluorescence polarization assays are frequently used for their ability to detect substances with high sensitivity and specificity in biological samples such as blood, urine, or saliva. Although these methods offer multiple advantages, they also have certain limitations; for example, they can be affected by the complexity of biological matrices and require the constant development of specific antibodies for new psychoactive substances appearing on the market. The studies analyzed show that these immunoassays achieve high levels of precision and accuracy, reflected in low standard deviations, coefficients of variation below 15%, and recovery rates above 90%. These results demonstrate that these techniques are reliable and capable of quantifying minimal concentrations of analytes, even in difficult matrices such as blood or urine.
Validación del método analítico por cromatografía de gases para la cuantificación de acetaldehído en ácido acético natural usado en la industria farmacéutica
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-10-09) Cañas Cabrera, Jeniffer Sofía; Castillo Ayala, Jorge Enrique (Director)
A gas chromatography method with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was developed and validated for the quantification of acetaldehyde as an impurity in natural acetic acid. The validation followed USP <1225>, AOAC (2016), and ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines, assessing parameters such as selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), and residual analysis. The method exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 0.0021 to 0.0069 % w/w, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Recovery values ranged from 104.5% to 108.3%, meeting AOAC acceptance criteria for the concentration range studied. Residual analysis confirmed the statistical validity of the linear model. Precision showed coefficients of variation below 5%. In conclusion, the method is sensitive, accurate, precise, robust, and suitable for quality control of natural acetic acid.
Efectos en la salud de las interacciones toxicológicas de la cocaína adulterada con Levamisol en Colombia: revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-09-29) Medina Melo, Daniela; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director)
The adulteration of cocaine with levamisole has become a growing global and public health problem in Colombia. This systematic review compiles the health effects derived from this toxicological interaction with levamisole, a veterinary anthelmintic, which increases the volume of the drug and enhances its effects (Solomon, N., et al., 2017). Through a systematic review using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, among others, several clinical cases were compiled, in which the most serious adverse effect was determined to be vasculitis. The results also highlighted that Medellín is the city with the highest number of reported clinical cases due to this toxicological interaction. The contribution of this work is the confirmation of a recurring clinical picture associated with the use of the cocaine- levamisole mixture (vasculitis, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, skin necrosis). However, the search also considered the possibility of finding other less documented adverse effects such as renal, systemic vascular, pulmonary or neurological involvement (described in some international reports).
Obtención del extracto de aloe vera e incorporación en una base líquida de maquillaje, para la protección, hidratación y cuidado de la piel
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Aldana Wilches, Paula Andrea; Hernández Caro, Gerson Julián; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director); Miller Peluffo, Jhon Alexander (Director)
The current cosmetics industry offers product lines on the market that lead women to use cosmetics, which directly affect the skin due to the variety of chemical components used in their formulation. The main unwanted effects on the skin due to makeup are the appearance of acne, dermatitis, premature wrinkles, among others, generating deterioration of the skin. In view of this current problem, a liquid makeup base with Aloe Vera extract is offered that provides a series of benefits to the skin, including reducing the risk of damage due to the presence of harmful compounds. In the present research work, it was possible to verify that Aloe Vera extract contains 31.81 mg/100mL of polysaccharides expressed as glucose equivalent and antioxidant activity both in the pure extract (28,37% ± 2,74%) and in the 70% diluted extract (29,85% ± 2,91%). However, it did not present antioxidant activity in the finished product (makeup base with Aloe Vera extract).
Efectos toxicológicos de los opioides en contexto de abuso: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Lombo Pastrana, Lina Isabel; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director)
Non-medical opioid use is a global public health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly from overdose and systemic complications. In recent decades, the abuse of these substances has shown a sustained increase, driven by their availability, recreational use, and, in some cases, inappropriate prescription. The present study aimed to identify and analyze the toxicological effects of opioids in contexts of abuse, based on recent scientific evidence. A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the PRISMA 2020 statement, with search criteria in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO, selecting articles published between 2020 and 2024, in English and Spanish, that addressed clinical cases, observational studies, and cohort analyses related to intoxication, overdose, or complications resulting from opioid use. Twenty studies were included that provided evidence on co-ingestion of substances, illicit market variability, estimation of naloxone requirements, clinical management with buprenorphine, harm reduction strategies, and therapeutic vaccine development. The findings show that acute opioid toxicity can range from mild symptoms to severe conditions requiring immediate intervention, including central nervous system depression, respiratory complications, and opioid- induced leukoencephalopathy (Shastry et al., 2024; Bansari, 2024; Ramawad et al., 2024). Combined use with other CNS depressants, such as benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, or methamphetamine, increases the risk of severe adverse events and mortality (Bhara et al., 2024; Duhart et al., 2022; Larnder et al., 2022; Smith et al., 2023). Early interventions, supervised consumption settings, access to naloxone, and buprenorphine management strategies have been shown to be effective in reducing complications and the risk of abuse (Chong et al., 2020; Chhabra et al., 2020; Irvine et al., 2022). In conclusion, the review highlights the need to strengthen strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and timely management of opioid poisoning, as well as the regulation and monitoring of substances with abuse potential. Furthermore, it shows that a combination of clinical, social, and public policy interventions constitutes a comprehensive approach to mitigating the adverse effects of opioid use and reducing associated mortality.
Optimización del encapsulamiento de tinidazol en micropartículas de alginato de sodio
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Prieto Idárraga, Lury Daniela; Trujillo Serna, Jean Carlos; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director); Castillo Gómez, Duvan Fernando (Director)
Tinidazole is an antibiotic that exhibits reduced efficacy against the parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy, due to the desquamation of intestinal mucosal epithelium caused by the treatment. For this reason, this study aims to explore alternatives to optimize the encapsulation of tinidazole into sodium alginate microparticles, crosslinked with calcium chloride using the external ionotropic gelation method. This was achieved through a 2³ factorial experimental design, which involved preparing different concentrations of polymer, crosslinker, and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at high and low levels to determine which variables yield the highest encapsulation efficiency. Subsequent in vitro release studies were performed at pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4. An infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis was conducted to confirm the presence of encapsulated tinidazole within the beads by identifying the characteristic absorption bands of the API’s functional groups. Spectrophotometric analysis confirmed a maximum encapsulation efficiency of 70.84%, obtained with 1% crosslinker and polymer concentrations at pH 7.3 with 20 mg of API, making it the most effective formulation. In comparison, a formulation with 2% sodium alginate, 1% calcium chloride, and 20 mg of API yielded an encapsulation efficiency of only 34.79%. Beads with the highest encapsulation efficiency were then subjected to release studies at varying pH levels (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4), simulating gastric fluid, the small intestine, and the colon, respectively. The highest release was observed at pH 6.8, with 9.22% of the drug released over 5 hours. A proper balance between crosslinker and polymer concentrations is essential to achieve uniform encapsulation and drug release. Moreover, the beads demonstrated a controlled release profile in basic media, with the release kinetics best fitting the Higuchi model.
Evaluación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y farmacotecnicas de almidones de yuca (Manihot esculenta) modificado a partir de fosfatos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Ríos Castrillón, Luis Arturo; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director)
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the fifth most produced agricultural product in Colombia and is grown in all 32 departments. Two varieties are produced: sweet cassava, intended for human consumption, and industrial or bitter cassava, intended for industrial segments. Industrial cassava represents an average of 7% of total cassava production in the country, while the remaining 93% is used for the production of sweet cassava. This causes sweet cassava to experience abrupt price drops due to overproduction, while industrial cassava is insufficient to supply industry, thus failing to meet market demand. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the horizons regarding the use of this tuber, taking advantage of the fact that its starch is a good asset for different industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, the structure of the starch can be modified to improve its properties. In this study, cassava starch was modified through an esterification process using primary and secondary sodium phosphates under weak acidity conditions in a semi-dry process, yielding starch phosphates with varying phosphorus contents. These starches were subsequently subjected to physicochemical and pharmacotechnical characterization tests (viscosity, swelling power, solubility, water absorption, pH, particle shape, apparent and compact density, apparent and compacted volume, Carr index and Hausner index, and infrared spectrometry). This study compared the functional properties of native cassava starch and modified starches, in order to analyze the impact of the modifications on key characteristics among the most relevant findings are: In the swelling power of the native starch, 0.97 g / g was obtained, which is a moderate water absorption capacity and in the modified starches the increase was found between 1.18 - 1.65 g / g showing that phosphatization altered the granular structure, favoring water retention. On the other hand, in the flow and compressibility properties, the apparent density of the native starch was 0.735 g / mL and that of the modified starches was 0.600 - 0.667 g / mL indicating greater porosity. The Carr index for native starch was 6.31% and for modified starch it was 9.82 – 12.48% with acceptable fluidity with greater cohesion and the Hausner index for native starch was 1.07 (low compressibility) and for modified starches it was 1.11 – 1.14 (moderate compressibility).
Formulación de crema facial con propiedad antiacné a base del aceite esencial de la flor de caléndula (Caléndula Officinalis)
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Jaramillo Capote, Juliana Andrea; Illicachi Romero, Luis Alberto (Director); Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director)
The present research aimed to formulate a facial cream with actiacné property from hydroalcoholic extracts of Caléndula officinalis; this plant is recognized for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and healing effects. Due to the low yield of the essential oil obtained by steam distillation, changes were made in the methodology to implement three extraction methods: soxhlet, maceration and ultrasound; soxhlet being the highest yield (45.47%). The O/W formulation was subjected to organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological tests to prove its stability; the results showed that the cream presented an adequate texture and has parameters required to administer in skin with acne; even so, improvements should be implemented since it presents deficiencies in terms of stability, presenting aspects such as a slightly alkaline pH and a high cremated content. This formulation represents the vision of the cosmetics industry regarding the use of natural ingredients.
Análisis del impacto de la implementación de sistemas de distribución de medicamentos en dosis unitaria en entidades de salud de alta complejidad
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Ochoa Caicedo, Jorge Fernando; Valderrama Cuellar, William Alexander (Director)
This study analyzed the impact of implementing Unit Dose Medication Distribution Systems (UDMDS) in high-complexity healthcare institutions in Colombia. Through a literature review and an analysis of local and international cases, the effects of these systems were evaluated in three key areas: patient safety, operational efficiency, and cost control. The findings show that UDMDS significantly reduces medication errors, optimizes logistical and administrative processes, and contributes to the financial sustainability of institutions by minimizing pharmaceutical waste. In Colombia, experiences from institutions such as Clínica Fundación Valle del Lili and Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe demonstrate promising results, although regulatory gaps and challenges related to technological infrastructure and staff training remain obstacles to the widespread implementation of UDMDS in the country. This study highlights the need to develop specific strategies for the adoption and integration of UDMDS to enhance the quality of care and strengthen the Colombian healthcare system.
Determinación del contenido de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante del extracto etanol/acuoso de la pulpa de arazá (Eugenia stipitata)
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Peña Ardila, Leidy Carolina; Montenegro Mora, Estefanía; Castillo Ayala, Jorge Enrique (Director)
The objective of this work is to determine the antioxidant capacity of the phenolic compounds present in the pulp of arazá (Eugenia spititata Mc Vaugh), for this the extraction of bioactive compounds was carried out in three different media (aqueous, hydroethanolic 50:50 , ethanolic) in which a yield percentage of 2.9%, 3.5%, 3.3% respectively was obtained. Next, a phytochemical test was carried out to qualitatively identify the presence of bioactive compounds present in the extracts. Subsequently, the content of phenolic compounds was quantified by the folin-Ciocalteu method for each of the extracts taking gallic acid as a reference standard, where it was observed that the ethanolic extract had a higher content of phenolic compounds with a value of 506 .2500 equivalents in mg/L of gallic acid (GAE) in the extract. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of each of the extracts was evaluated by the ABTS method, resulting in an inhibitory concentration of 50 (IC50) for the ethanolic extract of 10.01mg/L, the hydroethanolic extract of 16.65mg/L, and finally the aqueous of 19.11mg/L, these results were compared with the reference standard and the antioxidant capacity equivalent to Trolox was calculated.
Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas, Retos y Tendencias en la Identificación Forense: Una Revisión Sistémica
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Sinisterra Amú, Diana; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director)
Currently, there is a wide variety of psychoactive substances (NPS), whose evolution and chemical variability are increasingly rapid. These substances, despite being very similar to illegal drugs, are often very complex to analyze, especially if they are treated by traditional means. A literature review of publications from the last decade identified studies evaluating the accuracy of new technologies for the detection of these new psychoactive substances. This highlights the fact that each method has essential characteristics for their identification, such as: High-resolution mass spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy are very accurate and rapid; additionally, integrating these methods with artificial intelligence and/or nanomaterials demonstrates radical optimization for such identification, even with unknown substances. Thus, advanced analytical technologies allow for greater NPS detection capacity compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, constant input of databases with consolidated information is required to improve identification methods and, consequently, their accuracy.
Optimización de la Absorción Transdérmica de Cannabinoides del Cannabis Sativa Para el Tratamiento de Psoriasis y Dermatitis Atópica Mediante Biofarmacéutica y Nanotecnología: Una Revisión Sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Saavedra Vásquez, Diana Miley; Gonzales Vargas, Iván Andrés (Director)
A systematic review of studies published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted to evaluate the impact of nanotechnology on the transdermal absorption of Cannabis sativa cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), in the treatment of chronic dermatological diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. A total of 511 articles were analyzed, of which 30 were selected for their relevance and contributions to the development of controlled-release systems, such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and liposomes, which improved the bioavailability and penetration of CBD through the skin barrier. The results indicated that nanoparticles and emulsions enhanced skin hydration and reduced inflammation. CBD exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties without causing severe adverse effects. Compared to conventional treatments, such as topical corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, which often lead to skin thinning, irritation, or an increased risk of skin cancer, nanotechnology emerged as a safer and more effective alternative. The combination of CBD with other bioactive compounds produced a synergistic effect that enhanced its therapeutic action. Additionally, CBD transdermal patches enabled sustained release, significantly improving skin condition. In conclusion, nanotechnology applied to CBD formulations proved to be a promising strategy for overcoming the limitations of transdermal absorption, offering a safer, more effective, and less invasive alternative to conventional methods.
La eficacia y seguridad analgésica del cannabis medicinal en combinación con opioides en pacientes con cáncer de colon y pulmón, Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Jiménez Arango, Darío; Oñate Garzón, José Fernando (Director); Mauricio Cogollo, Andrés (Codirector)
Severe oncological pain in patients with colon and lung cancer poses a significant clinical challenge, associated with limitations in the efficacy of opioids and risks such as tolerance, dependence, and severe adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of medicinal cannabis combined with opioids in managing pain in this population. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 18 studies (2010-2024) from databases such as PubMed and Cochrane, focusing on clinical trials and observational studies. The methodology included the PICO strategy, bias evaluation (using the Cochrane and Newcastle-Ottawa tools), and random-effects statistical models. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in pain (20-30% on EVA scales) and a decrease in opioid doses (25-51%) when therapies were combined, with synergistic effects attributed to dual modulation of the endocannabinoid and opioid systems. The most frequent adverse effects were fatigue (25%), dizziness (20%), and nausea (15%), generally mild and transient. Differences in response were identified depending on the type of cancer: greater efficacy was observed in neuropathic pain (lung cancer) compared to visceral pain (colon cancer). The conclusions highlight that the cannabis-opioid combination offers a promising approach to optimizing pain control and reducing opioid-associated risks. However, heterogeneity in doses and formulations was evident, underscoring the need for standardized protocols and long-term studies. This work provides evidence to guide clinical practices and health policies, prioritizing safety and quality of life for oncological patients.
Beneficios y efectos adversos en el uso del cannabis como tratamiento para pacientes que sufren enfermedades neurodegenerativas como Alzheimer y Parkinson revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Vallejo Freire, Daniela Estefania; Rojas Barreto, Julian Alonso (Director)
This systematic review analyzes the use of cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. Selected studies report neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects and improvements in patients' quality of life, especially in symptoms such as pain and muscle stiffness. Despite the observed benefits, adverse effects such as fatigue, dizziness and, in some cases, mild cognitive impairment associated with THC were identified. The results suggest that cannabinoids offer promising therapeutic potential, but further research is required to establish appropriate dosing protocols and better understand their long-term effects.
Uso del CBD para la Disminución de la Hiperfagia por Ansiedad en el Tratamiento de la Obesidad Humana - Revisión Sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Salazar Romero, Catalina; Rojas Barreto, Julian Alonso (Director)
This systematic review examines the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) to decrease anxiety-induced hyperphagia in the treatment of obesity, a condition characterized by excess body fat due to an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. Using qualitative methodology, the available scientific evidence on the dual mechanisms of action of CBD was critically analyzed: the modulation of the anxious state triggering compulsive eating behaviors and the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue. The findings reveal that CBD has a unique pharmacological profile, acting on multiple receptors (CB1, 5-HT1A, TRPV1) and stimulating genes related to energy metabolism (PPARγ, PGC1α). This therapeutic duality, together with an apparently favorable safety profile, positions it as a promising alternative to conventional treatments with limited efficacy or significant adverse effects. However, important limitations remain: scarcity of controlled clinical studies with rigorous methodologies, questions about long-term hepatic safety, regulatory challenges and discrepancies in the quality of marketed products. These limitations underline the need to intensify scientific research, develop standardized therapeutic protocols and evaluate comparative efficacy with conventional treatments to definitively establish the role of medicinal CBD in the comprehensive approach to obesity.
Síntesis y caracterización de fosfato de calcio mediante precipitación controlada para aplicaciones biomédicas
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Valderruten Diaz, Carlos Andrés; Morales Morales, Jimmy Alexander (Director)
Biomaterials are of crucial importance for human survival. People who suffer from accidents, arthritis, and human longevity require biomaterials to improve their quality of life. Because of this, alternatives have been studied to solve these problems. One of these is the use of calcium phosphate ceramic, a biomaterial used in bone regeneration and widely used in dentistry and orthopedic surgery due to its similarity to the mineral component of bone. For the synthesis of calcium phosphates, an inexpensive method called ultrasound-assisted wet precipitation was used. In this study, aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3).4H2O) and ammonium phosphate (H2(PO4)NH4) served as the starting point for the precipitation method used to produce synthetic calcium phosphates. Physical and chemical factors such as stirring time and temperature were evaluated. The composition depends on the Ca/P molar ratio, pH, and calcination temperature. A pH equal to 11 and a Ca/P molar ratio close to 1.7 tend to produce pure HA, while a lower pH combined with a Ca/P molar ratio close to 1.5 results in HA/CaO.
Reformulación en jabón de la formulación común del minoxidil (1-óxido de 2,6- diamino-4-piperidinopirimidina)
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Saavedra Chavarro, Bryan Felipe; Bravo Ortega, Laura; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director); Garzón Méndez, William Fernando (Director)
Androgenic alopecia is a hair loss condition influenced by two key factors: genetics and hormones. The most well-knowntopical medication is minoxidil (2,6-diamino-4-(piperidin-1-yl) pyrimidine 1-oxide). However, due to its poor water solubility, commercial formulations typically contain propylene glycol, which can cause skin reactions such as irritation and dryness in some individuals. This project aims to reformulate the cosmetic product using a vehicle that minimizes adverse skin reactions by opting for a solid presentation. Four soap variants were developed, each containing a 5% concentration of minoxidil. Quality tests were conducted to evaluate these formulations' effectiveness, allowing the identification of the formulation 1 as the most suitable variant in terms of stability and physicochemical characteristics.
Uso de compuestos de cáñamo (Cannabis sativa L.) en suplementos dietarios: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Rosero Ramos, Anyell Melissa; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director)
The plant of Cannabis Sativa L. also known as hemp, is an ancestral plant that contains different compounds such as macromolecules beneficial for health as cannabidiol, various fatty acids and omegas beneficial for human health, so its use has been observed as a dietary supplement for its benefits and high nutritional value, in people with deficiencies in their diet. In this monograph, the scientific literature on the use of hemp compounds in dietary supplements was reviewed as a promising alternative to which anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are attributed. In addition, it was shown that the most used part of the cannabis plant for this purpose are its seeds, with a high nutritional value because they contain 25-30% protein and oils, 30-40% fiber. In addition, extracts obtained by means of techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, Soxhlet and dynamic maceration have been incorporated into protein bars, breads, yogurts, among others. However, the current Colombian legislation still represents an obstacle to be able to market this type of products, there are still some stigmas around cannabis and there is also a large number of scientific studies that support its use and verify its benefits. In conclusion, hemp compounds, particularly its proteins and oils, have great potential as functional ingredients in nutritional supplements. However, its implementation faces technical obstacles related to the stability and functionality of compounds as well as regulatory issues.
Avances en la detección de ketamina: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Hernández Gaviria, María Inés; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director); Acevedo Restrepo, Isabel (Directora)
Ketamine is a substance used both medically and recreationally, and its detection poses a challenge in clinical and forensic contexts. This systematic review aims to evaluate the approaches used to identify ketamine and its metabolites in biological matrices and beverages. A bibliographic search was carried out following the PRISMA Declaration in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, among others, resulting in 15 selectedstudies published between 2010 and 2025. The methods described include conventional chromatographic techniques (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS), as well as electrochemical, optical, and paper-based biosensors. Sensors based on molecular imprinting, aptamers, and nanostructured materials stood out for their portability, low cost, and analysis times of less than 10 minutes. Alternative matrices (saliva, hair, and adulterated beverages) demonstrated significant advances in sensitivity, specificity, and in situ applicability. However, challenges remain in validation and standardization processes. It is concluded that methodological diversity enables broader and more timely ketamine detection, with implications for public health, justice, and the prevention of drug-facilitated crimes. Keywords: Biological matrices; biosensors

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