Psicología

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https://usc.scimago.es/handle/20.500.12421/115

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Representaciones sociales acerca de los Psicólogos adscritos a los Centros de Reconocimiento de Conductores -CRC- según los usuarios de dichos centros en el municipio de Santiago de Cali
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2011) Rebolledo Manchola, Silvio Rey; Valencia Valencia, Diego Fernando (Asesor)
The main objective of this research is to identify what are the social representations that users of Driver´s Recognition Centers in Cali have about psychologists attached to such institutions. Emphasis is made on the user´s view about the role, experience, and professional significance of psychologists who attend them in the Psicosensometric evaluation process at recognition centers. It uses the conceptual framework of Sergei Moscovici´s social representations, a proposal that social psychology demonstrates the universe of meanings the user of the CRC (Driver´s Recognition Centers) manages with, regarding the Psicosensometric evaluation process. To achieve this, a structured interview that relates the categories of analysis of the social representations (field of representation, information, and attitudes) is built with the specific aspects of a process of evaluation, defined through the theoretical framework designed for the detection of abilities and weaknesses of the contenders to get drivers license or to obtain a permit for the legal carrying of weapons.
Formas de comportamiento de los agresores sexuales infantiles
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Churta Valencia, Dayanne Adriana; Trujillo Piedrahita, María Liliana (Directora)
En términos generales, el abuso sexual se define en uso de un menor para satisfacer los deseos sexuales, por lo general de un adulto. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista de la psicología este es uno de los temas que más debates ha tenido en la actualidad, y ha sido justamente la complejidad de las conceptualizaciones planteadas por los distintos autores consagrados al estudio de esta área lo que impide la unificación de criterios respecto al análisis y al cálculo de la incidencia de las conductas de abuso, si bien existe concordancia en el cálculo de los daños que estas situaciones generan en el menor. De acuerdo con las definiciones de Jiménez y Martín (2006), el criterio diferenciador entre abuso y agresión sexual es recurrir a la violencia en las agresiones y al uso de la seducción, el acoso o el engaño en el abuso.
Estereotipos de género en el cuidado de la salud sexual en jóvenes
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Imbachí Uzuriaga, Yuliám Andrés; Riascos Vidal, Karen Yulieth; Trujillo Piedrahita, María Liliana (Directora)
At present, gender stereotypes have existed all the time in humanity, and have acquired meanings that are transmitted through the years by individuals. It is observed that there is an inequality of the genders in the social, economic and political institutions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the gender stereotypes and their relationship with the sexual health of young people. A narrative review of written literature was made in a time window from 2010 to 2019. The information that will be used for the development of this research will be obtained through the search of databases such as ScienceDirect, Dialnet, Redalyc as well as books , magazines and research conducted on the subject. It is concluded that gender stereotypes are a series of beliefs that are shaped by the sociocultural patterns reflected in the inconvenient handling of sexual behavior in young people. It is evident that men in the youth stage seek to form several relationships with different women, to obtain an acceptance before their social group, which makes the relationships of young people more vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancies desired.
Factores psicosociales que influyen en la deserción escolar de los estudiantes de un colegio de la ciudad de Buenaventura
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Mosquera Sánchez, Mónica Julieth; Muñoz Cuartas, Leopoldo (Director); Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)
Problemáticas frecuentes en la intervención psicológica en la Universidad Santiago de Cali
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Rivera Espinosa, Neila Lucero; Muñoz Cuartas, Leolpoldo (Director)
Creencias morales de la religión judeocristiana sobre la homosexualidad
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Zuluaga Hernández, Angélica; Mora Jiménez, Abraham Heriberto (Director)
Consciencia de muerte en pacientes en estado terminal; rol del Psicólogo en el área de cuidados paliativos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Flechas Becerra, Laura Isabel; Torres, Joan Manuel (Director)
The purpose of this study is to explore some of the functions that the professional has in psychology as part of the interdisciplinary palliative care team, more specifically, the intervention of patients in terminal condition aimed at promoting a state of consciousness about his own death. This research is presented under a qualitative model following a descriptive study. Additionally, it has a documentary design, which relies on sources of bibliographic and archival nature in order to search for necessary information to understand the studied phenomenon that is, in this case, the role of the psychologist in the context of palliative care, taking in consideration that the patient, become aware of his impending death, he may experience unfavorable symptoms at the psychic and emotional damage to their mental health, so it is essential to accompaniment in the acceptance of his own finitude as a natural process of life. In which case the accompaniment can be carried out from different approaches; emphasis is placed on proposal of humanistic psychology based on existentialist and phenomenological principles, according to which, one of the fundamental functions of the psychologist would be to contribute to coping of the anxiety associated with death, encouraging to take the responsibility and the increase of the creative capacities during this phase for closing unfinished business, as well as for the awareness of the body and the senses, in search of the patient's well-being for face this situation at the individual and family level.
La resiliencia: Estrategia en mujeres víctimas de abuso sexual en el marco del conflicto armado
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Quitumbo Rivera, Lina Vanesa; Martínez, María del Carmen (Directora)
In the course of armed conflict Colombian many women suffered sexual violence. This kind of violence, when it happens in the context mentioned, it leaves some tracks in the victims that they are no easy to overcome as against this, it can observe that resilience of the women appear as a strategy in order to support the psychology consequences of the event traumatic so, the general objective of this morphology was to analyze the resilience as strategy in victims women of sexual violence in the course of armed Colombian conflict. In order to attain it, advanced methodology it established in the documental search and in the qualitative character of the problem. The result shows that: 1) the roll of the woman in the societies distinct have changed in function of historical and cultural conditions; 2) in Colombia, during the conflict, the sexual violence practices every time they did more bloodies and extended; 3) the impact in the mental health of the victims women of this type of violence, in the context of the armed Colombian conflict, it is from depression and anxiety until to get to the consummation suicide ideas;4) the embarrassment is the emotion that more influence in the failure of the process the resilience in victims of sexual violence since, the pillars of this( confidence, conscience, and independence) do not make present if these emotions have not been managed and controlled.
Afrontamiento cognitivo conductual de los adultos mayores frente a vulnerabilidades emocionales y psicosociales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Andrade, Amanda Yadira; López Santander, Rodrigo (Director); Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)
The research addresses four current theories on coping strategies in the elderly. A bibliographic review is carried out on the cognitive behavioral theory, which provides the theoretical and practical tools necessary when thinking about the behavior, cognition and emotionality of the human being, as well as the coping strategies that have been theoretically described. Therefore, what is proposed is a work of analysis and synthesis regarding the coping strategies described by the models of: Lazarus and Folkman, Ellis and Beck, Jeffrey Young, and George Kelly regarding the contributions that constitute the cognitive model behavioral as a theoretical body that integrates these contributions, as well as their possible therapeutic applications that respond to the problems that the elderly person is going through: depressive states, anxiety problems, progressive isolation and social discrimination. Thus, the knowledge of coping strategies and their repercussion will lead to think about their incidence in the mental health of the elderly, since these are used to face the changing internal and external circumstances that appear at the biological, organic, social, cultural and psychological.
Dislipidemias y estrés en estudiantes universitarios: Un enemigo silencioso
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Chinchilla Giraldo, Natalia; López Peláez, Jessica (Directora)
To identify the relation of the academic stress and the dislipidemia in university students in the city of Cali. There was realized a descriptive experimental study, the sample was shaped by 361 university students between 16 and 40 years of the faculty of health, which were selected in a random way. The used instruments were the sociodemografic questionnaire and the General Scale of Appraisal of the Stress (EAE-G). Of 212 participants (43 men and 169 women), with an average of 21 years, it was possible to observe that the participants consume a high index of carbohydrates and sugar, where the fried food, the fats and the alcoholic drinks had a high percentage. There were demonstrated differences of the level of low stress to the highest in each of them, where statistically they are not significant. The prevalence of the academic stress in the students presents a high index in the exam season. The results confirm that differences were found although statistically not significant between sex, age and levels of stress, there is an early tendency to suffer from Cardiovascular Diseases or diseases such as dyslipidemia, as it relates to the consumption of diets rich in carbohydrates and an unhealthy lifestyle, which results in the emergence of multiple diseases that can be prevented.
La asignación del sentido al sufrimiento humano: Un estudio comparativo entre la religión y la psicoterapia
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Arbeláez Hernández, Andrés David; Mora Jiménez, Abraham Heriberto (Director)
Religion and psychology have tried to explain the existence of man and his conduct, and to give meaning to it, each from its own point of view, religion being a doctrine of spirituality, faith and hope, around a supreme being, and psychology studying the mind, human conduct and mental processes. Man is an individual composed of subjectivity, emotionality, culture, etc. And therefore of deficiencies and suffering, motivated to fill these deficiencies and stop suffering; humanist theory, more precisely Abraham Maslow with the theory of the hierarchy of needs, explains how human behavior is governed by needs and the motivation to satisfy them; on the other hand the concept of suffering goes from physical pain to emotional distress, and in this case is limited to that "lack of", which motivates man to satisfy his needs.
La piedra de la locura: Análisis crítico de la concepción de enfermedad mental
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Gómez, Angie Lizeth; Montoya Giraldo, Valentina; Muñoz Cuartas, Leopoldo (Director)
Etimológicamente psicología significa ciencia del alma. Es remarcable que una psicología independiente esté ausente, en idea y de hecho, de los sistemas filosóficos de la antigüedad, donde sin embargo la psyché, el alma, es considerada como un ser natural. Los estudios relativos al alma se encuentran en ella repartidos entre la metafísica, la lógica y la física. El tratado aristotélico Acerca del Alma es en realidad un tratado de biología general, uno de los escritos consagrados a la física. Según Aristóteles, y según la tradición académica, los cursos de filosofía de principios del siglo XVII tratan aún del alma en un capítulo de la Física. El objeto de la física es el cuerpo natural y organizado que tiene la vida en potencia, pues la física trata del alma como forma del cuerpo viviente, y no como sustancia separada de la materia. En todo caso, la psicología y la filosofía ya no tienen la cercanía que en otrora existía. La psicología se ha desmarcado a partir del interés por con convertirse en una disciplina científica, experimental y de esta forma salir del yugo de la filosofía que tanto la ha cobijado. De esta manera, “la psicología es ampliada por Wundt a las dimensiones de una psicología experimental, sostenida en sus trabajos con la esperanza de hacer aparecer, en las leyes de los hechos de consciencia, un determinismo analítico del mismo tipo que la universal validez que la mecánica y la física permiten esperar de toda ciencia” (Canguilhem, 1956;12).
La resiliencia como factor protector en sujetos con trastorno de ansiedad generalizada
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Álvarez Grisales, Dolly Viviana; López Santander, Rodrigo (Director)
La presente monografía contiene un análisis a partir de los principios teóricos de la psicología positiva. Los conceptos centrales están definidos a partir del objetivo general: analizar la resiliencia como factor protector, en el tratamiento del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada a partir de los principios de la psicología positiva. Se trata de una reflexión acerca de la relación entre los conceptos de resiliencia, factores protectores y psicología positiva. La metodología cuenta con un alcance descriptivo. El diseño metodológico se basó en la revisión bibliográfica de fuentes primarias (investigaciones académicas - literatura especializada) y secundarias (artículos-ensayos). Los resultados encontrados en esta investigación indican que la resiliencia puede comprenderse como un factor de protección en la medida en que los sujetos cuenten con ciertos elementos genéticos y psicológicos que la faciliten. Quienes poseen dichos elementos se encuentran en mejor posición para enfrentar las adversidades y salir fortalecidos de ellos. La psicología positiva sirve como herramienta para facilitar la adquisición o la consolidación de los factores psicológicos que aportan al proceso de resiliencia, lo que puede aplicarse en los casos de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada.
Una aproximación psicoanalítica del conflicto armado en Colombia
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Morcillo Torijano, Laura Alejandra; Navarro Caicedo, Juan Camilo; Correa, Elizabeth (Directora)
The following article relies on the contextual basis of social phenomena that occur in Colombia due to the sociopolitical events during the years of 2018 and 2019. Using the foundations of psychoanalysis as discipline and theoretic orientation, the following is proposed: to create a reflection in regards to the armed conflict in Colombia, via an analysis on the current framework that surrounds the country in dialogue with psychoanalytic discourse; to achieve this, various predominant historical milestones within the conflict and its manifestations are extracted, creating a psychoanalytical stance to address this issue. Moreover, epistemological references are extracted, embodied by the texts of Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan and the studies conducted by other psychoanalysts in the field throughout the scope of Latin-America.
Narrativas sobre la maternidad en adolescentes
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Macías Manquillo, Laura Catalina; Torres Ibarguen, Lady Yohana; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)
La flexibilidad curricular en los programas de Psicología: Un estudio comparativo entre la universidad colombiana y la latinoamericana
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Molina Rosero, Karen Viviana; Mora Jiménez, Abraham Heriberto (Director)
The Colombian university currently responds to a series of dynamics and parameters such as those established by the accreditation system for higher education, which seek to define and standardize the planning and execution of multiple administrative and academic aspects, including curricular flexibility. The purpose of this study is to explore the way in which curricular flexibility is presented and distributed among different professional training programs in the area of psychology in Colombian and Latin American universities based on a specific indicator: the curricular flexibility index, this in order to compare the behavior of the local university compared to the Latin American university in relation to the aforementioned aspect. For this, a mixed investigation with a descriptive scope is proposed, which proposes to collect and analyze numerical and statistical data regarding the phenomenon of interest; More specifically, the curricular flexibility index is established between two samples of psychological professional training programs whose main inclusion criteria consisted of having High Quality Accreditation, being taught in face-to-face mode, and offered for ten semesters in the case of the sample of Colombian programs, and, to be included in the QS ranking, be dictated in person and have a duration ranging from 8 to 10 semesters in the case of the sample of Latin American programs. It was found that, in terms of the evaluation carried out according to the curricular flexibility index, the Colombian academy appears as less flexible compared to the Latin American one. Likewise, and already at the local level, it was found that, according to the same index, the psychology curriculum of the Santiago de Cali University is below the national average in terms of its curricular flexibility.
Factores psicosociales que inciden en el ingreso de los jóvenes a las pandillas: Una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Sinisterra Perlaza, Paola Andrea; Caicedo Banguera, Gisela; Muñoz Cuartas, Leopoldo (Director)
Over the last few years, youth gang groups have been increased, which has attracted the attention of some professionals, that although the triggering factors are known, effective preventive measures have not been taken. This work aims to identify the psychosocial factors, that influence the entry of young people to gangs, in addition to knowing the activation factors that adhere to the each one young when they making the decision to belong to these groups. To each one young when they are making the decision to belong to these groups carried out in the last ten years carried out, taking into account, internationals database (Scopus, Dialnet, Sciencedirect and Taylor & fancis). Where the SPIDER protocol was adopted to support the search for articles. Abstracts and articles retrieved in full text were reviewed, finally taking into account the articles that met the descriptors of psychosocial factors and youth gangs. Finally, 8 articles were selected which met the inclusion criteria identified for conclude on the results and determine the psychosocial factors that motivate the entry of young people to gangs such as: socioeconomic factor (poverty, unemployment, overcrowding). family (lack of authority, dysfunctional families, and lack of affection) and the individual (beliefs, values, norms).
El salario emocional como satisfacción laboral, en millennials: Una revisión exploratoria de ensayos clínicos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Legarda Bahos, Leidy Viviana; Muñoz Cuartas, Leopoldo (Director)
Job satisfaction stimulates healthy job-environment in organizations; it increases motivation and performance levels. It is important to revise how companies can implement tools and projects in order to have satisfied employees, one of these tools is the emotional salary, and it is made by reviewing investigative advances in the Millennials generation. The objective of this exploratory review of clinical essays is to understand how emotional remuneration intervenes in job satisfaction. Methodology: Making an exploratory revision of literature articles to identify vital information based on databases such as Dialnet, Doaj and Science Direct concerning the factors that can create job satisfaction in the Millennials generation. This revision was based on the SPIDER’s protocol to identify the search strategy and the selection of articles. Results: It is found that there is a correlation between emotional salary, job satisfaction and the Millennials generation, they are all connected, and one is caused by the other. An emotional wage is a tool that helps have satisfied employees without significatively spending on it or 2 affecting the company funds and, on the contrary, increasing employees’ performance level and their sense of belonging.
Factores de riesgo de suicidio en pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Vergara Collazos, Angélica Lucía; López Peláez, Jessica (Directora)
Suicidal ideation in people suffering from oncological diseases has not been studied in depth, but statistics indicate that suicide rates are higher in this population than in the general population, evidencing the need for a psychological approach from palliative care, which seeks to improve the quality of life through the physical, emotional and mental well-being of the patient. Depression as one of the main emotional disorders is one of the risk factors for the cancer patient. The aim of this article is to present the current status of risk factors predisposing cancer patients to suicide in the palliative care phase. A systematic review of articles published between 2009 and 2020, with the descriptors: suicide, oncology, risk factors, palliative care, was carried out, finding 133 articles of which 40 were selected, assisted suicide and euthanasia were excluded since they are considered to be the object of an independent analysis. It can be concluded that the main risk factors for suicidal ideation in oncological patients are depression, pain and the absence of support networks, and therefore psychological accompaniment in this stage of the disease is fundamental since it will allow for a timely decrease in risk.
Factores sociales y/o culturales presentes en la iniciación sexual a temprana edad: Una indagación desde el psicoanálisis
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Giraldo Gutiérrez, Yorladiz; Bolaños, Diego Fernando (Asesor)
Sexual initiation is traversed by different factors as social as cultural nature, when it occurs at an early age, it suggests asking how the incidence of such elements was; Therefore, the objective of this study revolved around analyzing social and / or cultural factors present in sexual initiation at an early age in young people between 15 and 22 years of the city of Cali. For this, the methodology used was the Research - Intervention of psychoanalytic clinical orientation, through which interviews and speaking spaces were carried out that allowed the collection of information for its subsequent analysis. The results showed that parents, education and peers are the elements that are most present for sexual initiation to occur at an early age.

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