Psicología
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Item Representaciones sociales acerca de los Psicólogos adscritos a los Centros de Reconocimiento de Conductores -CRC- según los usuarios de dichos centros en el municipio de Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2011) Rebolledo Manchola, Silvio Rey; Valencia Valencia, Diego Fernando (Asesor)The main objective of this research is to identify what are the social representations that users of Driver´s Recognition Centers in Cali have about psychologists attached to such institutions. Emphasis is made on the user´s view about the role, experience, and professional significance of psychologists who attend them in the Psicosensometric evaluation process at recognition centers. It uses the conceptual framework of Sergei Moscovici´s social representations, a proposal that social psychology demonstrates the universe of meanings the user of the CRC (Driver´s Recognition Centers) manages with, regarding the Psicosensometric evaluation process. To achieve this, a structured interview that relates the categories of analysis of the social representations (field of representation, information, and attitudes) is built with the specific aspects of a process of evaluation, defined through the theoretical framework designed for the detection of abilities and weaknesses of the contenders to get drivers license or to obtain a permit for the legal carrying of weapons.Item Formas de comportamiento de los agresores sexuales infantiles(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Churta Valencia, Dayanne Adriana; Trujillo Piedrahita, María Liliana (Directora)En términos generales, el abuso sexual se define en uso de un menor para satisfacer los deseos sexuales, por lo general de un adulto. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista de la psicología este es uno de los temas que más debates ha tenido en la actualidad, y ha sido justamente la complejidad de las conceptualizaciones planteadas por los distintos autores consagrados al estudio de esta área lo que impide la unificación de criterios respecto al análisis y al cálculo de la incidencia de las conductas de abuso, si bien existe concordancia en el cálculo de los daños que estas situaciones generan en el menor. De acuerdo con las definiciones de Jiménez y Martín (2006), el criterio diferenciador entre abuso y agresión sexual es recurrir a la violencia en las agresiones y al uso de la seducción, el acoso o el engaño en el abuso.Item Una aproximación psicoanalítica del conflicto armado en Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Morcillo Torijano, Laura Alejandra; Navarro Caicedo, Juan Camilo; Correa, Elizabeth (Directora)The following article relies on the contextual basis of social phenomena that occur in Colombia due to the sociopolitical events during the years of 2018 and 2019. Using the foundations of psychoanalysis as discipline and theoretic orientation, the following is proposed: to create a reflection in regards to the armed conflict in Colombia, via an analysis on the current framework that surrounds the country in dialogue with psychoanalytic discourse; to achieve this, various predominant historical milestones within the conflict and its manifestations are extracted, creating a psychoanalytical stance to address this issue. Moreover, epistemological references are extracted, embodied by the texts of Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan and the studies conducted by other psychoanalysts in the field throughout the scope of Latin-America.Item Influencia de Facebook e Instagram en las interpretaciones de belleza y salud mental de 19 jóvenes ciber usuarios en Cali, Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Mantilla Valencia, Juan David; Balmas Gómez, Evelyn; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)The social networks Facebook and Instagram, are trend at present, being these frequented by all kinds of public and especially by young cyber users. Through these new communication channels, virtual social networks, has benefits such as interaction with society and the creation of an identity on virtual platforms, but also generates negative aspects such as addiction to social networks causing in young people possible mental health effects such as anxiety, depression, among others. Therefore the research analyzed the influence of Facebook and Instagram in the interpretations on beauty and mental health of young cyber users in Cali, Colombia. The research is qualitative, with methodological design of virtual ethnography through focus groups, where 19 students of the psychology program of the University Santiago de Cali were evaluated. Facebook and Instagram were found to be influential in interpreting beauty and mental health in young people and their implications are discussed.Item La actitud positiva frente al sentido de vida en mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Restrepo Erazo, María Camila; Mora Jiménez, Abraham (Director)On a daily basis, human beings are exposed to the suffering that their bodies can present, either through a disease such as cancer or through interaction with the other, where the 2 suffering generated from a physical ailment can contribute to the construction of a new sense of life, the attitude with which discomfort is assumed and its consequences is what Viktor Frankl would recognize as necessary suffering. For this reason, the objective of this work is to establish whether women diagnosed with cancer who assume a positive attitude as necessary suffering in the face of the disease acquire a new sense of life; for this purpose, a bibliographic search of empirical studies carried out in the last five years, on two internationally recognized bases: Scopus and Taylor and Francis Online was carried out. As a result, it was found that those women diagnosed with cancer who assume a positive attitude as necessary suffering before the disease acquire a new sense of life which allows them to have a better quality of life, better intrapersonal relationships, personal and better adherence to treatment.Item Consciencia de muerte en pacientes en estado terminal; rol del Psicólogo en el área de cuidados paliativos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Flechas Becerra, Laura Isabel; Torres, Joan Manuel (Director)The purpose of this study is to explore some of the functions that the professional has in psychology as part of the interdisciplinary palliative care team, more specifically, the intervention of patients in terminal condition aimed at promoting a state of consciousness about his own death. This research is presented under a qualitative model following a descriptive study. Additionally, it has a documentary design, which relies on sources of bibliographic and archival nature in order to search for necessary information to understand the studied phenomenon that is, in this case, the role of the psychologist in the context of palliative care, taking in consideration that the patient, become aware of his impending death, he may experience unfavorable symptoms at the psychic and emotional damage to their mental health, so it is essential to accompaniment in the acceptance of his own finitude as a natural process of life. In which case the accompaniment can be carried out from different approaches; emphasis is placed on proposal of humanistic psychology based on existentialist and phenomenological principles, according to which, one of the fundamental functions of the psychologist would be to contribute to coping of the anxiety associated with death, encouraging to take the responsibility and the increase of the creative capacities during this phase for closing unfinished business, as well as for the awareness of the body and the senses, in search of the patient's well-being for face this situation at the individual and family level.Item Casos de intimidación escolar presentes entre los años 2014-2018, en dos instituciones de educación básica secundaria de la ciudad de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Velasco Escobar, Ana Katherine; Martínez, María del Carmen (Directora)Regarding bullying at school as a growing psycho-educational issue in Colombia, this project presents the results of an analysis made from several events, which took place at two institutions of Secondary Basic Education in the city of Cali between 2014 and 2018. Based on a qualitative research of descriptive design and of ethnographic type, it analyzes a semi-structured interview concerning the intervention of the school on this phenomenon. The sample was taken from two members of each educational institution (coordination-rector). Likewise, a review of several school files was made – school code of conduct manual and records of the school code of conduct committee – in order to determine the cases of bullying that occurred in these places from the past five years.Item Estrés laboral y enfermedad cardiovascular en las mujeres(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Grueso Camilo, Silvia Viviana; López Peláez, Jessica (Directora)Currently one of the most frequent types of stress is the work because in recent decades the types of jobs have changed affecting the physical and psychological well-being of the worker causing deterioration not only the professional part but also the personal and family part. It is observed that women work and assume different roles that imply repercussions on their health affecting various systems such as cardiovascular. The purpose of this work is to describe the relationship of work stress in the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease in women. The methodology is a systematic review of the main investigations that have been carried out from 2010 to 2018 in Latin America in the different bases of data: Dialnet, Redalyc, Science Direct. The results that have been obtained have allowed 15 articles to be reviewed so far. It is concluded that although women are protected from cardiovascular diseases by estrogen, it was evident that changes in female roles have led to greater responsibilities in different areas of life, increasing the statistics of CVD. Standing out that the woman at present works on average more than 8 hours having an impact in its health propitiating the development of cardiovascular pathologies.Item Abordaje psicológico de la esquizofrenia desde los cuidados paliativos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Viveros Balanta, Andrea Valeria; Acosta Pulido, Ángela Patricia; López Peláez, Jessica (Director)Palliative care emphasizes alleviating the symptoms, pain and suffering of patients mainly oncological, however, mental disorders have been relegated to not be considered terminal diseases. However, pathologies such as schizophrenia imply a deterioration in the patient's quality of life, since it involves their cognitive, social, emotional and physical capacity. The WHO mentions that people with schizophrenia are 2 and 2.5 more likely to die at a young age. The aim of this study is to conduct a review that allows characterizing schizophrenia as a disease that requires psychological intervention from palliative care. It was found that the literature on this topic is scarce, evidencing the limitations of psychological intervention in this area, since these patients develop multiple comorbidities that lead to the treatment being focused on physical illness leaving aside the mental disorder. Reason why, it is intended to propose an intervention strategy called Art Therapy, which allows the patient to develop their social skills and improve their quality of lifeItem Problemáticas frecuentes en la intervención psicológica en la Universidad Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Rivera Espinosa, Neila Lucero; Muñoz Cuartas, Leolpoldo (Director)Item Creencias morales de la religión judeocristiana sobre la homosexualidad(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Zuluaga Hernández, Angélica; Mora Jiménez, Abraham Heriberto (Director)Item Factores psicosociales que influyen en la deserción escolar de estudiantes de un colegio de la ciudad de Buenaventura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Mosquera Sánchez, Mónica Julieth; Muñoz Cuartas, Leopoldo (Director); Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Item La asignación del sentido al sufrimiento humano: Un estudio comparativo entre la religión y la psicoterapia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Arbeláez Hernández, Andrés David; Mora Jiménez, Abraham Heriberto (Director)Religion and psychology have tried to explain the existence of man and his conduct, and to give meaning to it, each from its own point of view, religion being a doctrine of spirituality, faith and hope, around a supreme being, and psychology studying the mind, human conduct and mental processes. Man is an individual composed of subjectivity, emotionality, culture, etc. And therefore of deficiencies and suffering, motivated to fill these deficiencies and stop suffering; humanist theory, more precisely Abraham Maslow with the theory of the hierarchy of needs, explains how human behavior is governed by needs and the motivation to satisfy them; on the other hand the concept of suffering goes from physical pain to emotional distress, and in this case is limited to that "lack of", which motivates man to satisfy his needs.Item Relaciones de familia en pacientes con trastorno de esquizofrenia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Vélez Velásquez, Alba Lucía; Muñoz Avendaño, Nathaly; Toconas Morea, Verónica Rocío; Martínez Cardona, María del Carmen (Directora)The literature was reviewed in a systematic and orderly manner, with the objective of exposing family relationships of patients with schizophrenia disorder. To do this, a search and review of articles of scientific production in Spanish, English and Portuguese was implemented, which was limited to database. The results obtained showed that when the schizophrenia disorder arises the family group experiences significant changes that generate conflicts in family dynamics, which affects the relationships between its members. A family member takes responsibility and assumes the complete care of the patient. It brings consequences on the physical, emotional, psychological and social level which has an affect directly on the quality of life of both the patient and the family. It is concluded that because of those changes, the family makes a malfunction process, which in many cases it entails to restructure its functionality trying to establish well-being in the whole family system.Item Actitudes de los adolescentes en Colombia frente a la salud sexual y reproductiva: Una revisión narrativa de literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) De la Cuesta López, Dahiana Marcela; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Item Estereotipos de género y salud sexual en jóvenes(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Imbachí Uzuriaga, Yuliám Andrés; Riascos Vidal, Karen Yulieth; Trujillo Piedrahita, María Liliana (Directora)At present, gender stereotypes have existed all the time in humanity, and have acquired meanings that are transmitted through the years by individuals. It is observed that there is an inequality of the genders in the social, economic and political institutions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the gender stereotypes and their relationship with the sexual health of young people. A narrative review of written literature was made in a time window from 2010 to 2019. The information that will be used for the development of this research will be obtained through the search of databases such as ScienceDirect, Dialnet, Redalyc as well as books , magazines and research conducted on the subject. It is concluded that gender stereotypes are a series of beliefs that are shaped by the sociocultural patterns reflected in the inconvenient handling of sexual behavior in young people. It is evident that men in the youth stage seek to form several relationships with different women, to obtain an acceptance before their social group, which makes the relationships of young people more vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancies desired.Item Estrategias para la elaboración del duelo anticipado en cuidador primario de pacientes oncológicos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Silva Atehortua, Carolina; García Naranjo, Leidy Vanessa; Orozco Macías, Gabriela; López Peláez; Jessica (Directora)Patients with chronic illnesses present a series of needs which are attended by their relatives, mainly by one of the members who assumes the main responsibility in the accompaniment, care and containment being called this primary caregiver, who is exposed to risk factors of physical and emotional type, due to the loss of the health of his relative, The main caregiver is therefore the one who spends most of the time with the patient, so that it is considered important to develop early mourning, so that the loss of a loved one does not become a traumatic situation that can produce a complicated or pathological grief in the family member in charge. This study aims to propose an intervention proposal for the development of anticipated mourning in primary caregivers of cancer patients. For this research, a review was made of the following databases: Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed, EBSCO and Dialnet in a time window from 2010 to 2018. It was found that the research is focused on describing the needs, characteristics and alterations of the caregiver, leaving aside the elaboration of the anticipated grief. Narrative therapy and the cognitivebehavioral approach have contributed to the approach to the caregiver and the elaboration of the anticipated grief. An intervention is therefore proposed based on the two approaches mentioned above, which address in seven sessions the issues of greatest emotional impact in the development of anticipated grief.Item Representaciones sociales y conducta fanática en la barra brava “Frente Radical Verdiblanco” del Deportivo Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Uribe Giraldo, Angelica María; Márquez Bonilla, Lorena; López Santander, Rodrigo (Director)This research addresses the concept of social representations, as ways of thinking shared by a social group and whose function is the elaboration of behaviors; being carried out through a qualitative methodology, with descriptive scope and ethnographic design; with the objective of determining the social representations that are consolidated in a group of soccer fan club (Barra Brava) “Frente Radical Verdiblanco” of the Deportivo Cali team, in front of their fanatic behavior, based on three categories of analysis (Social representation, fanatic behavior and brave bar as a phenomenon group). Based on the results obtained, through interviews with members of the soccer fan club (Barra Brava) “Frente Radical Verdiblanco” located in the city of Cali, we find how social representations operate and influence the fanatic behavior of young people immersed in brave bars, generating violent and disruptive behaviors, which are validated as part of the barrista culture.Item La piedra de la locura: Análisis crítico de la concepción de enfermedad mental(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Gómez, Angie Lizeth; Montoya Giraldo, Valentina; Muñoz Cuartas, Leopoldo (Director)Etimológicamente psicología significa ciencia del alma. Es remarcable que una psicología independiente esté ausente, en idea y de hecho, de los sistemas filosóficos de la antigüedad, donde sin embargo la psyché, el alma, es considerada como un ser natural. Los estudios relativos al alma se encuentran en ella repartidos entre la metafísica, la lógica y la física. El tratado aristotélico Acerca del Alma es en realidad un tratado de biología general, uno de los escritos consagrados a la física. Según Aristóteles, y según la tradición académica, los cursos de filosofía de principios del siglo XVII tratan aún del alma en un capítulo de la Física. El objeto de la física es el cuerpo natural y organizado que tiene la vida en potencia, pues la física trata del alma como forma del cuerpo viviente, y no como sustancia separada de la materia. En todo caso, la psicología y la filosofía ya no tienen la cercanía que en otrora existía. La psicología se ha desmarcado a partir del interés por con convertirse en una disciplina científica, experimental y de esta forma salir del yugo de la filosofía que tanto la ha cobijado. De esta manera, “la psicología es ampliada por Wundt a las dimensiones de una psicología experimental, sostenida en sus trabajos con la esperanza de hacer aparecer, en las leyes de los hechos de consciencia, un determinismo analítico del mismo tipo que la universal validez que la mecánica y la física permiten esperar de toda ciencia” (Canguilhem, 1956;12).Item Narrativas sobre la maternidad en adolescentes(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Macías Manquillo, Laura Catalina; Torres Ibarguen, Lady Yohana; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)