Psicología
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Item Efectividad de las estrategias de terapia cognitivoconductual para la reducción de síntomas en niños con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión de alcance.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Carabali Lozano, Manuela; Almeida Salinas, Orlando (Director)Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction; as well as repetitive behavior patterns or activities and restrictive interests, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective as a treatment to reduce ASD symptoms. Objective: to examine the efficacy of different CBT strategies in the reduction of ASD symptoms, through evidence collected in randomized clinical trials. Method: a systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases, with the following combination ((autism) AND (cognitive behavioral therapy) AND (clinical trial). Results: 13 clinical trials were included showing that BIACA CBT, Cool Kids, MASSI and others, are efficient especially in the mitigation of anxiety, emotional regulation, improvement of social and communication skills and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Conclusions: personalized CBT adapted to the individual needs of each patient is more efficient and has an even greater impact on the reduction of ASD symptoms.Item Relación entre represión psicológica y desarrollo de la personalidad: revisión narrativa de la literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Salazar Ramírez, Nathalia; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)An individual establishes the foundations for his psychological and emotional development throughout his existence, starting with childhood, a period of great importance in his life. A topic that has caused much debate in recent decades in scientific literature is the relationship between psychological repression and personality development. Personality in adulthood refers to the way a person behaves, thinks, and feels throughout their adult life. This develops as the person experiences different situations and events throughout their life. On the other hand, mental well-being in adulthood refers to the emotional, psychological and social state of a person at this stage of life. This includes feeling satisfied with life, being able to handle stress and adversity, having good interpersonal relationships, among other aspects. Both aspects are closely related, since a healthy and balanced personality is usually associated with a higher level of mental well-being in adulthood. Being in harmony with oneself, having positive self-esteem and being able to adapt to changes are factors that contribute to better mental well-being at this stage of life. It is also important to have an emotional, social and emotional support network that can provide support in difficult times and be able to seek professional help if necessary. The relationship between psychological repression and personality development has been a topic of constant debate in scientific literature for the last 28 years. Over time, childhood has been recognized as a critical stage in an individual's development where traumatic events can lead to psychological disorders in adulthood. Studies and research have been conducted during this period of time in an effort to shed light on this complex interaction. It has been examined in great detail how traumatic events and experiences in childhood can influence the formation of the psychic structure and the manifestation of psychological disorders in adult life, from the perspective of classical psychoanalysis and object bonds. The latter are the emotional and affective relationships established between an individual and external objects, such as people, animals, places or things. These relationships can be positive or negative, and play a crucial role in a person's emotional and psychological development. Examining the main elements of psychic development during childhood and adolescence, this monograph is focused on the influence of psychological repression on the configuration of personality. In this sense, it is hoped that this monograph will contribute to the academic discourse on a topic of great relevance in the field of psychology by offering a deeper understanding of the processes that shape human experience from childhood to adulthood.Item Contribución de la música como mediación artística en el bienestar emocional de adolescentes migrantes venezolanos. la experiencia del grupo musical coro sin fronteras de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Castro Pantoja, Jazmín Alejandra; Olarte Jiménez, Verónica; Solano Gómez, Brayan David; Bolaños, Diego Fernando (Director)Item Uso de sustancias psicoactivas en tiempos de pandemia (covid-19) en un grupo de jóvenes del barrio la rivera de la ciudad de Cali.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Quintero Peña, Nayla Alexandra; Del Basto Gil, Kimberly; Hinojosa Sinisterra, Jaritza; López Santander, Rodrigo (Director)The COVID-19 pandemic altered daily life globally, generating high levels of stress and anxiety, especially among young people. The easy transmission of the virus led governments to impose quarantines and preventive isolation. In Cali, these measures caused an increase in the use of psychoactive substances among young people as a strategy to cope with the stress of confinement. A qualitative study in the La Rivera neighborhood examined the impact of substance use on young people, considering the history of use, the role of the environment, interpersonal and family relationships, the influence of isolation, vital performance, coping strategies, and social perception. Interviews with ten young people revealed varied consumption patterns, with significant increases during the pandemic, motivated by the fear of confinement and emotional problems. Decreases and cases of stable consumption were also identified. The family and social environment influenced consumption decisions, affecting relationships and family coexistence, especially during confinement. Isolation was related to increased consumption as an evasion mechanism. Vital performance was affected, with work and academic problems for some participants. Coping strategies included consumption to manage stress, and the social perception of consumption became more tolerant in some cases.Item Factores de riesgo y estrategias de prevención del suicidio en adolescentes en Latinoamérica: una revisión narrativa de la literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) López Flórez, Isabella; Salinas Gómez, Brenda Melisa; Quitian, Laura Camila; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Suicide is a public health problem, about 800,000 people commit suicide in the world and about 200,000 are in adolescence and young adulthood. The purpose of the research is to identify risk factors for suicide in adolescents and prevention strategies used in the Latin American literature. A narrative review of the literature was carried out without exclusion of year, in English and Spanish. For this purpose, a narrative review was carried out on the risk factors associated with suicide in adolescents. Essential dimensions were considered, which are: Suicide prevention strategies in adolescents; Interventions to prevent suicide; Therefore, a literature review is carried out from the documentary review of literature, covering the reading of 67 different authors, however, only the findings are applied in 20 articles, since 47 of them were excluded as they were not fundamental for the selected study dimensions. In addition, criteria are established for the analysis of the data, such as the range of year of publication, the type of methodology used, the database used, the type of journal of publication and the percentage that highlights which country stood out in the review, after which the discussion is carried out with respect to the approach of the conceptual dimensions.Item Ansiedad de desempeño en la comunidad joven LGBTIQ en espacios laborales: una revisión exploratoria de la literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Morales González, Laura Isabel; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)As sexual minorities make great strides from activism in addition to the recognition of rights such as marriage, adoption and laws that protect them from possible social discrimination in work environments, new research has been developing that explores the dynamics of this population, their interaction with others and the risk factors to which they are exposed in different areas of society. It is for this reason that the need has arisen to expose how is the functioning and the course of this great event in the lives of some people; therefore, it is proposed to report on performance anxiety, specifically in the LGBTIQ population (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, transgender, intersex, queer) in work spaces, from a scoping review, and how all over the years this has had expansion in the research field, how the approach to this topic has developed, as well as how the practice and experience of some people has been seen through the collection of information, and the discourse of these same people who experience it.Item Reserva cognitiva y deterioro cognitivo leve en adultos mayores de bajo estatus socioeconómico de la ciudad de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Palacios Romero, Angie Gabriela; Martínez, Juan FelipeThe study set out to analyse differences in cognitive reserve between older adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) of low socioeconomic status in the city of Cali, Colombia. It was hypothesised that participants with MCI would show lower levels of cognitive reserve compared to those without MCI. A quantitative approach with a descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A sample of 94 older adults was recruited, divided into two groups: 52 with MCI and 42 without MCI. Neuropsychological instruments validated in Colombia were applied, such as the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination IV (ACE-R), CRIq Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (IRC), etc. Statistical analysis was carried out using inferential methods to explore the relationships between the study variables. The results revealed that the total score on the CRIq scale is significantly lower in the MCI group compared to the non-MCI group (With MCI M=80.84(17.34) and without MCI M= 96.64(22.38), respectively; t=3.85 p < 0.001), indicating that participants with MCI have lower global cognitive reserve compared to those without MCI. Statistically significant differences were found in the areas of education, work and leisure, where participants with MCI scored lower on the CRIq Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire. No significant differences in depression and functioning variables were identified between the groups. The results indicate that participants with MCI consistently showed lower levels 3 of cognitive reserve compared to those without MCI, which may have important implications for understanding and addressing MCI.Item Las mediaciones artísticas como recurso para la salud mental de las mujeres. la experiencia de estudiantes de arte del instituto departamental de bellas artes de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) García Guzmán, Daniela; Orejuela Peñaranda, Valentina; Bolaños, Diego Fernando; Bolaños, Diego FernandoItem Prevalencia del intento suicida en adolescentes de Latinoamérica y los factores asociados entre los años 2020-2025: revisión exploratoria de la literatura. Universidad Santiago de Cali.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Sanmiguel Ospina, Andrés Felipe; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Item Estilos de crianza y autoconcepto académico en estudiantes de secundaria del Colegio Parroquial San Francisco Javier de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia 2025.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Cardona Acuria, Juan Andrés; Almeida Salina, Orlando (Director)This article analyzes the relationship between parenting styles and academic self-concept in 356 high school students (37.9% male and 62.1% female), aged 10 to 18 years, at Colegio Parroquial San Francisco Javier, Orquídeas Campus, located in the city of Cali, Valle del Cauca, during the year 2025. Through a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. employing the Steinbert Parenting Styles Inventory and the AF-5 questionnaire. Results revealed a high prevalence of the democratic parenting style (73.9%) and a medium level of academic self-concept (59.6%). additionally, no significant correlation was found between parenting styles and academic self-concept (rs=0.61). however, a weak but significant positive relationship was found between self-concept and gender (rs=0.120), with women reporting a more favorable academic perception.Item Resiliencia frente al duelo y la desesperanza en adultos mayores del grupo “unión del saber” en la vereda cabañita en Guachené, Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Arredondo Palacios, Sandra Patricia; Estupiñán Góngora, Maryi Mishell; Mosquera Mosquera, Islendy; Bolaños, Diego Fernando (Director)In old age there are high possibilities of dealing with adverse life events and experiencing different grief processes; depending on that arises loss of life purpose, helplessness and hopelessness. Resilience and coping capacities provide the older adult with a remarkable ability to adjust to hostile events that arise in this phase of life. The objective of the study was to determine the role of resilience in the face of grief and hopelessness in a sample of 8 older adults between 60 and 80 years of age belonging to the group “Unión del saber” in the rural area of Guachené, Cauca. A qualitative-phenomenological study was adopted, aimed at investigating and examining the subjective experiences with respect to these categories of analysis, studying the aging process from the perspective of each of the participants. The study revealed that older adults in rural areas face aging with concern for the future and health, but find strength in spirituality and family support. They exhibit resilience in the face of loss, using coping strategies such as faith and social support. Although well-being is linked to family support and health, challenges such as isolation persist. Among the most relevant conclusions are the importance of resilience, social support and spirituality as facilitating and protective aspects of adaptation to aging.Item Ansiedad y satisfacción laboral entre adultos y jóvenes: Un estudio observacional transversal(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Montaño Montaño, Yeni Paola; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Item Relación entre funciones ejecutivas y memoria en niños neurotípicos y niños con trastorno del espectro autista (tea) en dos instituciones de la ciudad de Cali Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Cortes Guerrero, Paula Andrea; Hoyos Arias, Laura Marcela; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Item Efectos de la estimulación cognitiva del lenguaje y memoria en adultos mayores de bajo estatus socioeconómico de la ciudad de Cali. Universidad Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Joven Bastidas, Laura Alejandra; Becerra Montaño, Jefrey Camilo; Botina Morales, Dayana; Martínez, Juan Felipe (Director)Item Efectos psicológicos de la violencia escolar en estudiantes de educación secundaria: Una revisión de la literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Viveros Reyes, Karina; Almeida Salinas, Orlando (Director)All forms of violence in the school context can have negative effects on a physical, psychological, and material level, as well as disrupt communication among its members. The psychological effects of school violence directly impact student performance and affect their mental health. This study aimed to identify the main psychological effects of school violence on adolescent victims in secondary education in Ibero-America. To this end, a literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA statement in the following databases: Pubmed, Scielo, Dialnet, MDPI, Scopus, and Science Direct, which took into account as inclusion criteria publications between 2020 and 2025, with observational, case-control, and cohort designs. Among the findings of the (n=35) classified articles, it was demonstrated that the main psychological effects that occur in secondary school students are: depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-esteem problems, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disorders.Item Impacto del estrés percibido en la elección de alimentos reconfortantes en adultos: una revisión exploratoria(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Muñoz Jiménez, Camilo Andrés; Guzmán Molano, Jorge Andrés; Acosta Carrillo, Isabella; Mora Jiménez, Abraham (Director)The objective of this scoping review was to analyze recent scientific evidence on the impact of perceived stress on comfort food choices in young adults, understanding it from a neurobiological, psychosocial, and contextual perspective. This population is particularly vulnerable due to academic, social, and economic pressures, which increase their susceptibility to dysfunctional habits. Methodology: An scoping review of the literature was conducted in specialized databases such as Scopus, Springer, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria were applied, including scientific articles published between 2014 and 2024, in English or Spanish, that address perceived stress and its link to food choices in young adults. The combination of descriptors allowed for the final selection of 25 articles after applying thematic relevance filters. Results: Evidence suggests that perceived stress increases the likelihood of choosing foods high in fat, sugar, and calories. This behavior is mediated by neurobiological variables such as HPA axis reactivity and serotonergic sensitivity, as well as psychosocial factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, self-image, and self-efficacy. Although most studies point to a direct relationship between stress and hedonic consumption, some studies have also failed to demonstrate such an association, which is attributed to methodological limitations or moderating variables such as serum leptin or food identity. Discussion: The review confirms the relationship between perceived stress and comfort food intake, although this relationship is influenced by various individual and contextual factors. Gaps in the current literature are identified, including the lack of standardization of the concept of "comfort foods," the limited use of simultaneous biomarkers, and the need for longitudinal studies.Item La influencia de las dimensiones de personalidad de los estudiantes de la facultad de salud de una universidad de la ciudad de Cali, en la percepción del estrés en el contexto académico, durante el periodo 2025.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-06-26) Bermúdez Otero, Alejandro; Quintero Rozo, Santiago; Quiñonez Gómez, Jhoyner; Muñoz Cuartas, Leopoldo (Director)Item Factores sociales y/o culturales presentes en la iniciación sexual a temprana edad: Una indagación desde el psicoanálisis(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Giraldo Gutiérrez, Yorladiz; Bolaños, Diego Fernando (Asesor)Sexual initiation is traversed by different factors as social as cultural nature, when it occurs at an early age, it suggests asking how the incidence of such elements was; Therefore, the objective of this study revolved around analyzing social and / or cultural factors present in sexual initiation at an early age in young people between 15 and 22 years of the city of Cali. For this, the methodology used was the Research - Intervention of psychoanalytic clinical orientation, through which interviews and speaking spaces were carried out that allowed the collection of information for its subsequent analysis. The results showed that parents, education and peers are the elements that are most present for sexual initiation to occur at an early age.Item Barreras en educación inclusiva que tienen los estudiantes en condición de discapacidad vinculados a la Universidad Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Truque Mosquera, Laura Mildred; Almeida Salinas, Orlando (Director)The barriers to inclusion of students with disabilities are diverse in terms of the limitation they have, which results in discrimination and desertion from educational institutions. The objective of this study was to analyze the barriers of inclusive education that students with disabilities linked to the health faculty of the Universidad Santiago de Cali during the year 2023 by means of a quantitative methodology with a descriptive-cross-sectional approach applying a survey to 101 10 students with some or some conditions of disability, obtaining as results that 71% of them consider that they have the respect that they should have as persons. In conclusion, it was obtained that the Universidad Santiago de Cali, promotes actions that guarantee the inclusion of students with disabilities, expanding the options of professional training and economic stability, coexistence and participation of this population and promoting the best attitude to its teachers and educational community.Item Procesos de pensamiento, concreto y formal en estudiantes de primer y último semestre de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, en el año 2023(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Jaraba Girón, Laura Marcela; Salamanca Valencia, Daniela; Soto Velasco, Melanie Dayana; Almeida Salinas, Orlando (Director)The present research aims to evaluate the formal and concrete thinking processes in first and last semester students of the engineering faculty of the Universidad Santiago de Cali, in the year 2023, through the identification, description and establishment of differences of these thought processes, by means of a descriptive cross-sectional study, applying the logical thinking test (TOLT). It was found that 88.3% of first semester are in concrete thinking, 8.33% in transitional level and only 3.33% in formal thinking. In the last semester, 43.33% were obtained for concrete and formal thinking, and only 13.33% in transitional. The results show differences in the levels of thinking in the first and last semester students with a standard deviation of 3.39.