Psicología
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Item Factores sociales y/o culturales presentes en la iniciación sexual a temprana edad: Una indagación desde el psicoanálisis(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Giraldo Gutiérrez, Yorladiz; Bolaños, Diego Fernando (Asesor)Sexual initiation is traversed by different factors as social as cultural nature, when it occurs at an early age, it suggests asking how the incidence of such elements was; Therefore, the objective of this study revolved around analyzing social and / or cultural factors present in sexual initiation at an early age in young people between 15 and 22 years of the city of Cali. For this, the methodology used was the Research - Intervention of psychoanalytic clinical orientation, through which interviews and speaking spaces were carried out that allowed the collection of information for its subsequent analysis. The results showed that parents, education and peers are the elements that are most present for sexual initiation to occur at an early age.Item Barreras en educación inclusiva que tienen los estudiantes en condición de discapacidad vinculados a la Universidad Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Truque Mosquera, Laura Mildred; Almeida Salinas, Orlando (Director)The barriers to inclusion of students with disabilities are diverse in terms of the limitation they have, which results in discrimination and desertion from educational institutions. The objective of this study was to analyze the barriers of inclusive education that students with disabilities linked to the health faculty of the Universidad Santiago de Cali during the year 2023 by means of a quantitative methodology with a descriptive-cross-sectional approach applying a survey to 101 10 students with some or some conditions of disability, obtaining as results that 71% of them consider that they have the respect that they should have as persons. In conclusion, it was obtained that the Universidad Santiago de Cali, promotes actions that guarantee the inclusion of students with disabilities, expanding the options of professional training and economic stability, coexistence and participation of this population and promoting the best attitude to its teachers and educational community.Item Procesos de pensamiento, concreto y formal en estudiantes de primer y último semestre de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, en el año 2023(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Jaraba Girón, Laura Marcela; Salamanca Valencia, Daniela; Soto Velasco, Melanie Dayana; Almeida Salinas, Orlando (Director)The present research aims to evaluate the formal and concrete thinking processes in first and last semester students of the engineering faculty of the Universidad Santiago de Cali, in the year 2023, through the identification, description and establishment of differences of these thought processes, by means of a descriptive cross-sectional study, applying the logical thinking test (TOLT). It was found that 88.3% of first semester are in concrete thinking, 8.33% in transitional level and only 3.33% in formal thinking. In the last semester, 43.33% were obtained for concrete and formal thinking, and only 13.33% in transitional. The results show differences in the levels of thinking in the first and last semester students with a standard deviation of 3.39.Item Efectividad de la técnica de modelado en el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida: Una revisión sistemática según las directrices PRISMA(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Arboleda Brown, Laura Elizabeth; Mejía Valencia, Fernanda; Palechor Arias, Kevin Andrés; Tamayo Montoya, Paula Andrea (Asesora)Item Efectos del basuco en sus consumidores y en su entorno: Un protocolo de revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Mosquera Orjuela, Ingrid Vanessa; Tamayo, Paula Andrea (Directora); Giraldo Jiménez, Claudia Fernanda (Asesora)Item Familia y trastorno del espectro autista: Una revisión exploratoria de la literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Villota Moreno, Estefanía; Nuñez Tamayo, Erick Santiago; Martínez Flórez, Juan Felipe (Director)Autism affects 1% of the world population, (Amaral & Santos, 2019) children with autism have additional psychiatric disorders that are associated with social, behavioral, emotional and family alterations. The group of families with a high percentage of emotional difficulties is associated with children with ASD who present behavioral difficulties. That is, it is evident that families show association between psychological distress of parents with emotional and behavioral problems in their children. The data clearly evidences that a large number of families who have children with autism experience consistent levels of stress that are markedly higher compared to families who have children with other disabilities.Item Diferencias entre los rasgos de personalidad en niños escolarizados de 8 a 10 años de Instituciones educativas vulnerable y no vulnerable en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Becerra Rivera, Dayra Alejandra; Ortiz Muñoz, Deicy Viviana; Marín Turriago, Laura Isabel; Erazo Santander, Oscar Armando (Director)Item Diferencias en el rendimiento de funciones ejecutivas de acuerdo a factores socioeconómicos en niños de 6 a 12 años: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Argote Flor, Brenda Efeline; Cabrera Méndez, Julián Andrés; Martínez Flórez, Juan Felipe (Director)Executive functions develop throughout the life cycle and allow the subject to perform highly complex, goal-directed behaviors. The development of executive functions can be interrupted during childhood due to various socioeconomic factors, generating alterations in the socioemotional and academic spheres of the subject. The objective of this study was to review in the clinical literature differences in the performance of executive functions according to socioeconomic factors in children aged 6 to 12 years. Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were used. A number of 12 articles were included in the review where the socioeconomic factors of income, parental education, patrimony and material goods, which contribute to determine the socioeconomic status of families, were considered. Thus, it was found in most of the articles that children with disadvantaged socioeconomic factors have a lower performance in executive functions. It is recommended to investigate possible cognitive stimulation interventions in children with these characteristics.Item Adicción sexual en adultos jóvenes: Revisión exploratoria de literatura en Scopus y Pubmed(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Caicedo Mora, Alejandro; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Asesor)Sexual addiction is the inability to control sexual behavior, generates discomfort in the person who suffers from it, affecting various aspects of life: psychological, social, economic and family. Although addictive behavior is well studied, there is little information on sexual addictions in young adults. For this reason, the objective was to identify the knowledge that the scopus and pubmed databases present about sexual addiction in young adults between 2008 and August 2022. A total of 11 articles were included in the review, the existing knowledge was It groups around: 1) compulsive use of pornography and the effect it has on the individual's sexual life, 2) motivations for consuming pornography, and 3) effects on the brain. Future research is expected to yield more precise results on the effect of problematic porn consumption on human behavior and health.Item Efectividad de las estrategias de terapia cognitivo conductual para la reducción de síntomas en niños con trastorno del espectro autista: Una revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Carabali Lozano, Manuela; Almeida Salinas, Orlando (Director)Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction; as well as repetitive behavior patterns or activities and restrictive interests, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective as a treatment to reduce ASD symptoms. Objective: to examine the efficacy of different CBT strategies in the reduction of ASD symptoms, through evidence collected in randomized clinical trials. Method: a systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases, with the following combination ((autism) AND (cognitive behavioral therapy) AND (clinical trial). Results: 13 clinical trials were included showing that BIACA CBT, Cool Kids, MASSI and others, are efficient especially in the mitigation of anxiety, emotional regulation, improvement of social and communication skills and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Conclusions: personalized CBT adapted to the individual needs of each patient is more efficient and has an even greater impact on the reduction of ASD symptoms.Item Nivel de afrontamiento de los profesionales de la salud ante la muerte de pacientes en cuidados paliativos durante la pandemia del Covid 19 en el 2021(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Vargas Rojas, Julián Andrés; López Peláez, Jessica (Directora)The increase of patients infected by COVID-19, exposes the presence of critical states in hospital areas, as well as the high demand for palliative care services, in view of the insertion of a greater exposure to contagion and deaths of inpatients with serious diseases. For this reason, the objective of the research is to identify the level of coping of health professionals to the death of patients in palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 24 health professionals (physicians, psychologists and nurses) belonging to the Palliative Care Association of Colombia (ASOCUPAC). The sociodemographic data survey, the Bugen Death Coping Scale and the Professional Self-Care Scale (PSCS) were applied. The results obtained in the study indicate that health professionals obtained high levels of coping with death (79%). However, it was found that 21% had little experience in palliative care (1 to 3 years), which could have an impact on their low levels of coping with death. It is concluded that it is a priority to train professionals in thanatology, bereavement and palliative care, which have an impact on the quality of care for patients at the end of life.Item Identificación de la motivación hacia el aprendizaje, estado del ánimo, intimidación y adicciones en estudiantes adolescentes de una IE vulnerable del municipio de Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Muñoz Angulo, Josselin Tatiana; Sánchez Casanova, Jhenifer Vanesa; Santana Cifuentes, Keisy Dajanna; Erazo Santander, Oscar Armando (Director)Adolescence is a decisive period in which there are continuous biological, behavioral and social changes, these can function both as growth and as obstacles to development in subsequent years. For this reason, this study aimed to describe the psychological characteristics and needs of adolescents in school. To do this, four instruments were used, which provided a broader perspective regarding motivation towards learning, depressed mood, behavior and intimidation problems, and addiction problems. The population consisted of 400 students from 6th to 9th grade from the Manuela Beltrán educational institution located in commune 14 of the city of Santiago de Cali, a sample of 100 students aged 10 to 17 years who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research was carried out from a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental study. The results showed that there is greater demotivation towards learning, with women being the most representative group with 29%, depression is established in 4% of the population, with 3% it is identified that it is greater in ages between 13 and 15 The female population is the one most affected with 3% and 9% have high alcohol consumption, especially in the case of women between 10 and 15 years of age. It is concluded that it is necessary to monitor the cases detected in order to provide them with psychological treatments so that they can improve their quality of life.Item Estrés percibido en víctimas de la violencia en el marco del conflicto armado en adultos mayores de Toribio-Cauca en el periodo 2021B(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Muñoz Lemos, Jorge Luis; Sepúlveda Mamián, Nathalia Vanessa; Martínez Cardona, María del Carmen (Directora)Item Efectividad de la terapia de juego y educación física en la inteligencia emocional en niños y adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática de literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Torres Cobo, Luis Fernando; Benítez Hurtado, Lina María; Banguero Uzuriaga, Jessica Lorena; Carvajal Botero, Alejandro (Director)Item Beneficios del triptófano, vitamina D3, complejo B y MgCl2 para la disminución de síntomas depresivos en adultos: Revisión exploratoria de literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Giraldo Rivas, Héctor Eduardo; Murgueitio Jácome, Stephanie; Ruiz Rivera, Luz Karina; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Background: Depression affects more than 300 million people with negative consequences on their work, school and family activities. Between 60% and 65% of people who need care for depression do not receive it in Latin America and the Caribbean. Objective: To identify the effects of tryptophan, vitamin D3, B complex and MgCl2 in the reduction of depressive episodes in adults. Method: exploratory literature review until April 14, 2021, with the key terms: "tryptophan", "magnesium chloride", "vitamin D3", "complex b", "depression", "adult" using Boolean operators in the electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed/Medline, ScienceDirect. Results: 6 articles included in the qualitative synthesis. Regarding reduction of depressive symptoms: b-complex did not show effectiveness; vitamin D3 was inconclusive; tryptophan and magnesium chloride were effective. Conclusions: Tryptophan and magnesium chloride intake is beneficial in decreasing depressive symptoms. A systematic review and further meta-analysis is suggested because methodological and clinical homogeneity was found. Psychological therapy can incorporate as a complement the use of tryptophan and magnesium chloride for the reduction of depressive symptoms in adults.Item Efectividad de las intervenciones psicosociales sobre calidad de vida en cuidadores de pacientes con parálisis cerebral espástica: Revisión sistemática de literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Ramírez Hernández, Erika Johana; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Item Estudio transversal en estudiantes de Psicología sobre rendimiento académico y factores relacionados(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Henao Tenorio, Diana Carolina; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro (Director)Item Actitudes de los estudiantes de los grados décimo y once frente al rol del Psicólogo en dos Instituciones Educativas del municipio de Istmina-Chocó en el año 2022(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Martínez Velásquez, Angie Carolina; López Peláez, Jessica (Directora)Item Impacto en la dinámica familiar por cuidado de paciente con trastorno bipolar: Revisión exploratoria de literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Mosquera Gomez, Anyi Tatiana; Perengüez Bravo, Francy Lorena; Mora Jiménez, Abraham Heriberto (Director)Introduction: This paper is a documentary research that addresses the issue of bipolar disorder as a variable that influences the family environment, so that the main objective of this work is to investigate the influence of caring for a patient with bipolar disorder on their family dynamics, understanding that people diagnosed with BD have altered mood regulation mechanisms; likewise, taking systems theory as one of the theoretical bases, it can be seen that within the first system to which one is a part, which is the family, any situation that affects one could affect the others. Methodology: For its development, an exploratory review of scientific literature is carried out, being the qualities required for its eligibility: that it be a scientific investigation, that it is about the impact on the family of caring for a member with bipolar disorder, and that it has been published in the locatable databases in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer and Google Scholar. Use of the PRISMA flow chart for the selection of articles. Results: 16 selected articles from 214 found. It was found that the impact on the family caused by caring for one of its members with bipolar disorder can be grouped into six categories: Stress and depression; Communication and family stability; Emotions; Overload; Health status and; Economic and labor reasons. Although all categories are closely related to each other. Discussion: Caring for the patient with bipolar disorder impacts the family especially in a negative way. There are factors that can be aggravating or mitigating the impact, such as economic stability, the role of the patient in the family, communication and support between caregivers, the age of the caregiver, the resilience of each caregiver, among others. The most frequent consequence is overload, which in turn causes stress and depression in family members, especially the main caregiver.Item El papel del autoconcepto en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en mujeres: Una revisión de literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Cabezas Guerrero, Anfernee; Mora Jiménez, Abraham Heriberto (Director)