Facultad de Ciencias Básicas
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Item Activación foto-catalítica de nano partículas de MnO2 obtenidas a partir de ablación laser, aplicada a superficies auto-limpiantes(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Villegas Díaz, Claudia Lorena; Ávila Torres, Yenny Patricia (Directora); Ríos Acevedo, John Jairo (Director)The nano-particles of metallic materials have many applications, a field of special interest is the hospital, since there are many infections associated with health care (HAI) these infections must be related to hospitalization or procedures performed in the hospital. Mainly originated by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, for this reason materials are required that are capable of eliminating these bacteria attached to it, and thus prevent the high number of infections (self-cleaning surfaces). A new material with these characteristics is manganese oxide (MnO2), used in the manufacture of steel, with which hospital equipment is manufactured. In this study, different factors affecting bactericidal photocatalysis were tested, showing that the attack is discriminated for gram positive and gram negative bacteria, the action mechanism is governed via hydroxyl radicals and to a lesser degree via superficial voids. Finally, a material with little recombination is obtained, which represents a success in the synthesis of metal oxide.Item Actividad antibacterial, antioxidante y antitumoral de la vainillina y sus derivados: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-11) Cruz Tapasco, Daniela; Illicachi Romero, Luis Alberto (Director)Vanillin and its derivatives have attracted considerable interest in biomedical research due to their structural versatility and the possibility of optimizing their properties through chemical modifications. This systematic review analyzed 68 articles published between 2015 and 2025 that evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activity of these compounds, mainly considering the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), and antioxidant capacity in DPPH and ORAC assays. The results show that several derivatives exhibit remarkable antibacterial potency, reaching MIC values comparable to or lower than reference antibiotics against clinically relevant pathogens, supporting their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents. In the field of oncology, multiple compounds demonstrated marked antitumor activity in cell lines such as MCF-7, HepG2, SKOV3, and A549, with low IC₅₀ values and mechanisms of action related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, or modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, confirming that vanillin is a promising scaffold for the design of chemotherapeutic agents. At the same time, several derivatives, particularly hydrazones and metal complexes, showed a high capacity for free radical scavenging in antioxidant assays, suggesting potential applications as therapeutic adjuvants and in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Taken together, the findings highlight the value of vanillin as a versatile structural core in the development of molecules with multifunctional applications against resistant bacteria, cancer, and cellular oxidation processes. However, most studies have been conducted only in in vitro models, making it necessary to move toward in vivo research and clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety for future pharmacological application.Item Actividad antifúngica de Alpinia zerumbet frente a mohos y levaduras de importancia clínica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Cruz Alemán, Lady Stephanie; Benavides Gálvez, Laura Isabel; Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary (Directora); Castro Narváez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)Invasive fungal diseases (EFI) diseases to susceptible hosts, cause high impact morbidity and mortality, associated with the high resistance to antimycotics of the agents etiological associated with this pathology. The antifungal activity of extracts of Alpinia zerumbet, vs. C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus and Fusarium oxysporum was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and minimum inhibitory fungal concentration (CFI) based on NTC 2455 was used. As control sample, Fluconazole standard is considered and 96% Ethanol as a control. The alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and flowers affected good fungistatic and fungicidal activity when compared to the control and standard sample. It is concluded that the leaves compounds and flowers of A. zerumbet are promising for future research looking for compounds with antimicrobial activity for use in agriculture, food, and treatment of systemic mycosis.Item Actividad antimicrobiana de Fitocannabinoides como principios activos en plantas medicinales: una revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Rivera Vargas, Maria Yuliel; Suarez Osorio, Liseth (Directora); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Phytochemical compounds have long been an alternative to traditional medicine, which is why the industrial sector is dedicated to the manufacture of products such as drugs, cosmetics and veterinary products, and have considered innovating their lines from raw materials derived from the extraction of active compounds from plants. In this way, plant material with various attributes or substances that are allowed and regulated by government entities for use and marketing has been sought. Due to the above, it was proposed to carry out this systematic review that aims to identify medicinal plants that contain phytocannabinoids and that have antimicrobial activity. The consulted databases corresponding to 83, of which documents dating from the years 2010 to 2022 were found, however, 24 were discarded, since they were related to clinical aspects of veterinary use and others due to the years of publication, the which are outside the range of the minimum 10 years to be taken into account for the development of the systemic review.Item Actividad enzimática de levaduras recolectadas de diferentes ambientes del Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Olaya Hurtado, Dora Stefany; Ossa Cabra, Liseth Tatiana; Martínez Garay, Carlos Andrés (Director); Ramírez Castrillón, Mauricio (Director)Agro-industrial waste affects the environment, which makes it a current problem. A sustainable strategy is the use of microorganisms, such as yeast, to metabolize and to degrade these compounds, which will allow the development of bioremediation strategies. In this research, we tested yeasts from the mycoteca of Universidad Santiago de Cali, collected from different environments of Valle del Cauca, to determine their enzymatic activity. For this, they were grown in media with different substrates, to evaluate their ability to degrade them through the determination of an enzymatic coefficient (PZ), which takes into account the degradation halos formed. A total of 95 yeast strains were evaluated, of which 37 strains presented some enzymatic activity. Several strains showed potential in this field; the LN6A, P4, LC071A, YAM1, and YAM3 strains had the highest enzymatic activity; while some had the ability to degrade or metabolize two different substrates (LN4A, MRC33, LC112, P4, LN7C) or up to three types of substrate (MRC39). In addition to this, the LN4A strain, from the Navarro lagoon and identified as Candida tropicalis, presented a higher enzymatic activity in two types of substrate.Item Actividad enzimática de levaduras recolectadas en diferentes ambientes del Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Ossa Cabra, Liseth Tatiana; Olaya Hurtado, Dora Stefany; Martínez Gara, Carlos Andrés (Director)Agro-industrial waste affects the environment, which makes it a current problem. A sustainable strategy is the use of microorganisms, such as yeast, to metabolize and to degrade these compounds, which will allow the development of bioremediation strategies. In this research, we tested yeasts from the mycoteca of Universidad Santiago de Cali, collected from different environments of Valle del Cauca, to determine their enzymatic activity. For this, they were grown in media with different substrates, to evaluate their ability to degrade them through the determination of an enzymatic coefficient (PZ), which takes into account the degradation halos formed. A total of 95 yeast strains were evaluated, of which 37 strains presented some enzymatic activity. Several strains showed potential in this field; the LN6A, P4, LC071A, YAM1, and YAM3 strains had the highest enzymatic activity; while some had the ability to degrade or metabolize two different substrates (LN4A, MRC33, LC112, P4, LN7C) or up to three types of substrate (MRC39). In addition to this, the LN4A strain, from the Navarro lagoon and identified as Candida tropicalis, presented a higher enzymatic activity in two types of substrate.Item Actualización en los avances en el manejo de la diabetes mellitus en perros: Evaluación de la terapia con insulina una vez al día (SID) – Seguridad, eficacia y calidad de vida. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Guevara Delgado, María Camila ; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando (Director)El médico inglés, Thomas Willis, describió por primera vez hace más de un siglo la diabetes mellitus (DM). Actualmente se clasifica como una enfermedad endocrina crónica, semejante a los humanos; esta enfermedad es caracterizada por la pérdida en masa de células ubicadas en los islotes pancreáticos, dando como resultados una producción o acción de insulina inadecuada (hipoglucemia, hiperglucemia o ambas). A raíz de lo anterior mencionado se presentan signos característicos cómo: poliuria, polidipsia, polifagia y pérdida repentina de peso. Como tratamiento médico se propone dos formas de abastecer la insulina al paciente, mediante una única dosis diaria (SID) o dos veces diarias (BID). (Canine Diabetes Mellitus - WSAVA2011 - VIN, s. f.). Siendo material de estudio la enfermedad crónica en los perros, se han presentado investigaciones desde el siglo pasado, sin embargo, en la actualidad a nivel nacional no se han demostrado los suficientes casos y estudios de soporte médico. Basado en lo anterior, se procede a inferir que se utilizarán artículos extranjeros y de mayor rango de tiempo superior a los 10 años de antigüedad, dada la complejidad de los estudios realizados sobre la diabetes mellitus.Item Aislamiento de bacteriófagos provenientes de una muestra de origen ambiental con capacidad de infectar Salmonella spp(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Álvarez Pérez, Juan Martín; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Salmonellosis is a Foodborne Disease (FDB) that occurs due to contamination by bacteria of the Salmonella genus in edibles such as chicken and pork, as well as in products from poultry farms. Because the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in chickens has contributed to the selection of resistant bacteria, it is necessary to implement natural alternatives that allow the control of bacterial populations in poultry farms, bacteriophages being a possible option due to their high specificity to infect bacteria. Using the double layer method, bacteriophages were found in an environmental sample of chicken manure from a poultry farm located in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca, capable of infecting a strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ATCC 14028.Item Aislamiento y cuantificación de microorganismos nativos con capacidad celulolítica y amilolítica presentes en el bagazo y la cachaza empleados como materias primas utilizadas en la producción de abonos orgánicos, procedentes de un ingenio azucarero del Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Caicedo Grueso, Kelly Vanessa; Oviedo Mossos, Angela (Directora); Corredor Sáenz, Viviana (Directora)The study characterized the native microbial population with cellulolytic and amylolytic capacity present in bagasse and press mud, by-products of a sugar mill in Valle del Cauca for the production of organic fertilizers. To quantify the hydrolytic activity of the isolates present in bagasse and press mud, they were evaluated following the methods of Teather and Wood, as well as that of Lugol, using culture media with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and starch at 1% (w/v). The investigation revealed that the press mud harbors a greater microbial diversity, with a cellulolytic bacterial population (50%), while in the bagasse, cellulolytic bacteria (46%) predominated over amylolytic bacteria. Serial dilutions of 10-6 and 10-7 were optimal for the isolation of cellulolytic microorganisms in both substrates. In terms of enzymatic activity, bagasse showed higher amylolytic activity (7.70 Lg UCF/g), while press mud stood out in cellulolytic activity (7.70 Lg CFU/g). These findings contribute to the knowledge of the potential in the bioconversion of agroindustrial by-products for their use in the production of more efficient organic fertilizers.Item Aislamiento, identificación y caracterización de bacterias ácido acéticas (BAA) para la producción de vinagre a partir de vino tinto(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Portilla Sinisterra, Andrés Fernando; Vera Lizcano, Omaira (Directora)Studies of the microorganisms associated with the fermentation processes, their identification and the standardization of their biotechnological use, are of great interest for the economic and technological growth of a country. In this study, a winemaking protocol was obtained to later produce vinegar for human consumption through acetic fermentation, which is carried out mainly by acetic bacteria under aerobic conditions. 10 batches of wine were produced from Isabella grapes, obtained in the municipality of Ginebra-Valle del Cauca, an alcohol percentage between 9,8 – 11,2% was reached, to later obtain acetic acid. The Orleans method was used to make vinegar, which consists of stationary oxidation of ethanol in acetic acid, under the conditions required for the growth of acetic bacteria, from which a concentration of acetic acid between 47,4 - 60 g / L. Subsequently, the bacteria of the Acetobacteraceae family were isolated by means of cutives and identified by means of biochemical techniques. Later, with the Vitek 2 team, the Acetobacter acetti species was identified as the acetic bacteria found in vinegar, it was cryopreserved. This microorganism can be used to produce balsamic vinegar, which is of great commercial interest.Item Análisis bibliográfico de ácidos grasos esenciales (Omega-3 y Omega6) del aceite de semilla de cannabis y la percepción de sus beneficios en la salud del cuero cabelludo(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-09) Díaz Hernández, Daniela Fernanda; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto (Director)This article was based mainly on the benefits that can be offered by the cannabinoid receptors present in the cannabis Sativa plant, where the essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) that are obtained from cannabis seed oil that improve the health of the skin of the scalp were identified, where a methodology was proposed for a research design that was carried out through surveys of 100 people between the ages of 18 to 60 years where it was evaluated and it was possible to obtain the knowledge or experiences with the use of cannabis-based shampoo compared to traditional shampoos and with essential fatty acids, it was obtained that 76% of respondents have no knowledge of cannabis shampoo, a percentage of 92% who had not used this shampoo, 79% of respondents did not know about the benefits of medicinal cannabis shampoo, 88% for people if they would change to cannabis shampoo knowing the essential fatty acids that make up the cannabis plant, 93% of respondents believe that the most important thing when buying a shampoo is the quality, 88% of respondents were not aware of any brand of medicinal cannabis shampoo, there was 45% of people who prefer to combat hair loss, followed by people who prefer scalp cleansing with 27%, 71% of those surveyed would believe that in the coming years cannabis shampoo would replace conventional shampoo, finally having 45% for a yes on whether respondents would change medicinal cannabis shampoo for the traditional shampoo they use at the moment and 42% for Maybe, these results show that although cannabis shampoo is not so well known by many people, there is an opportunity to be part of hair care due to its properties that help with the needs of the client and its components that are natural and are not aggressive to the environment.Item Análisis comparativo de tres métodos biológicos en el tratamiento de vinazas(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Ruiz León, Nathalia; Jaramillo Castaño, Nicolás; Pérez Mora, Lina SusanaThe purpose of the systematic review of the literature published between 2012 and 2021 is to evaluate the different alternative treatments for the purification of vinasse focused on three biological methods: anaerobic treatment, composting, and cultivation with microalgae. To this end, an analysis of various scientific articles and studies were carried out in different institutional and academic platforms in Spanish and English. It was identified that, in the three processes studied, they all have an application history that verifies their usefulness in reducing the aforementioned contaminants. They can be compared for their efficiency, operating conditions, level of removal, and time required in their transformation and depending on the circumstances the best alternative can be chosen. The anaerobic method is the most effective with an 80% reduction in organic load, but with a medium level of difficulty in its operation and a necessary transformation time of 60 days. While the composting method presents the lowest operating costs, a reduction of organic load of 68%, with a longer transformation time of 240 days. Finally, the microalgae culture method handles the shortest transformation time in 10 days to reach a contaminant reduction level of 50% but with high operating costsItem Análisis de cumplimiento y mejoras potenciales en cosméticos con cannabis o sus derivados en establecimientos farmacéuticos de Cali: Un enfoque en la decisión 833 de 2018(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Gutierrez Corral, Miguel Angel; Amaya Londoño, Nicolas Giuseppe; Chamorro Rengifo, Andrés Felipe (Director)Cannabis, a plant with a history spanning over 4000 years, has played a vital role in various cultures, from ancient China to pre-Columbian civilizations. Initially revered for its medicinal and spiritual properties, cannabis has faced stigmatization in the modern era due to political and social influences. However, in recent decades, it has experienced a resurgence in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, supported by scientific evidence of its efficacy in treating various conditions. Cannabis regulation varies by country, ranging from legalization to prohibition. In the cosmetic realm, it has become a popular ingredient due to its moisturizing and antioxidant properties. However, lack of compliance with regulations can compromise consumer safety. Evaluating compliance of cannabis products at the regulatory level is necessary to protect the population from the use of illegal products that may jeopardize health. According to this study, which focused on evaluating compliance of cosmetic products with cannabis in the city of Cali with Decision 833 of 2018 (Colombian regulation?), surveys and pie charts were used to assess labeling and consumer safety compliance. The results indicate that a important proportion of respondents (35.7%) are unaware of the existence of Decision 833 of 2018, 50% do not verify or review mandatory health notifications, and 80,6% do not review mandatory warnings on labels. This demonstrates a lack of awareness regarding the importance of health registration and mandatory warnings on labels, raising concerns about consumer safety. Increasing transparency, education, and regulation in the industry is recommended to enhance consumer confidence and ensure product safety.Item Análisis de la contaminación de evidencia traza en casos de homicidios: desafíos y perspectivas en la química forense. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-12) Mosquera Cuchillo, María Isabel; Ocampo Chaguendo, Dennis Mauricio (Director)Trace evidence in homicide cases posed a challenge to the reliability and authenticity of forensic analyses in judicial proceedings. This study aimed to identify the factors and characteristics that contributed to this phenomenon and evaluate forensic chemistry strategies for addressing it. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method, implementing the STROBE and CONSORT technical quality criteria. The research included databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, and Google Scholar, considering publications from 2013 to 2025. It was evident that trace evidence results were vulnerable to contamination due to handling and manipulation errors, environmental conditions, deficiencies in the chain of custody, and secondary transfer. Similarly, it was observed that technologies such as high-resolution mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing increased the accuracy and sensitivity of the analyses, but also further highlighted the impact of contamination.Item Análisis de la sensibilidad y especificidad de las pruebas diagnósticas para el FIV en gatos domésticos: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-25) Contreras Rubiano, Carolina; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melisa (Directora)El Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Felina (FIV) es un retrovirus de relevancia clínica y epidemiológica en gatos domésticos, cuyo diagnóstico oportuno y preciso resulta fundamental para el manejo clínico, el control de la transmisión y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Sin embargo, la variabilidad genética de las cepas virales y las diferencias en la respuesta inmunológica de los animales representan un desafío constante para la eficacia y confiabilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas disponibles. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la sensibilidad y especificidad de las principales pruebas moleculares y serológicas empleadas en el diagnóstico del FIV, identificando sus ventajas, limitaciones y aplicabilidad clínica. Para ello, se desarrolló una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar, incluyendo artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2025. Se utilizaron los términos “Feline Immunodeficiency Virus”, “diagnostic tests”, “sensitivity”, “specificity” y “cats”, combinados mediante operadores booleanos. De los 630 registros obtenidos inicialmente, se seleccionaron 25 estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos según la guía PRISMA. Los resultados mostraron que las pruebas serológicas tipo ELISA y las inmunocromatográficas de punto de atención (PoC) presentaron sensibilidades entre 94 % y 100 % y especificidades superiores al 98 %, aunque su precisión disminuyó en gatos vacunados o en etapas tempranas de infección. Por su parte, las pruebas moleculares como PCR, qPCR, RT-iiPCR, LAMP y RHAM demostraron una sensibilidad y especificidad comparables o superiores, destacando su utilidad confirmatoria y su potencial para el uso de muestras no invasivas, como saliva o hisopos conjuntivales, por lo que el diagnóstico del FIV requiere un enfoque combinado que integre métodos serológicos y moleculares, ajustado al contexto clínico y epidemiológico. La incorporación de pruebas rápidas, sensibles y altamente específicas representa una estrategia clave para fortalecer la precisión diagnóstica y optimizar el control de esta enfermedad en poblaciones felinas.Item Análisis de los factores que contribuyen a la persistencia de bacterias no detectables en el agua potable tratada: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Arango Jaramillo, Alejandra; Bautista Carrillo, Jonathan (Director)This monograph addressed the persistence of undetectable bacteria in treated drinking water, a problem that affects the quality of the resource and public health. The objective was to describe the factors contributing to this persistence through a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology. A search of five databases yielded 1300 documents, of which 34 were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that biofilm formation, resistance to disinfectants, and the characteristics of the distribution infrastructure are determining factors in the survival of these microorganisms. Limitations in conventional treatment technologies were also identified, the effectiveness of which depends on the type of bacteria and their resistance mechanisms. It was concluded that a combination of microbiological, technological, and structural factors influences bacterial persistence, making it important to strengthen microbiological surveillance and optimize treatment processes to ensure drinking water qualityItem Análisis de los mecanismos de resistencia en enterobacterias presentes en aguas residuales urbanas en Latinoamérica: una revisión sistemática de la literatura(Universidad Satiago de Cali, 2025-12-10) Mosquera Arboleda, Valeria; Gafaro Montejo, Alexis (Director)This monograph addresses the study of Enterobacteriaceae present in urban wastewater in Latin America, with an emphasis on antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and the environmental factors associated with their persistence and spread. The objective was to analyze the available scientific evidence on resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae detected in wastewater through a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA methodology. The search was conducted in specialized scientific databases, integrating publications in English and Spanish corresponding to the period 2015–2025; 185 documents were identified in English (with 7 duplicates) and 104 in Spanish (with 34 duplicates). After filtering, 178 studies in English and 70 in Spanish were evaluated; of these, 14 full texts were reviewed in each language, and 5 were excluded from each group. Finally, 9 articles in English and 9 in Spanish were included, along with 10 additional documents identified in Google Scholar, for a total of 28 articles analyzed. The results show that urban wastewater constitutes a critical reservoir of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, carriers of genes associated with mechanisms such as ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemases, and plasmid resistance. It is concluded that poor management of domestic and hospital effluents, along with the presence of antibiotics and heavy metals, favors the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. These findings highlight the need to strengthen environmental microbiological surveillance and implement integrated regional strategies that contribute to the adequate control and treatment of wastewater in Latin America.Item Análisis del impacto de la implementación de sistemas de distribución de medicamentos en dosis unitaria en entidades de salud de alta complejidad(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Ochoa Caicedo, Jorge Fernando; Valderrama Cuellar, William Alexander (Director)This study analyzed the impact of implementing Unit Dose Medication Distribution Systems (UDMDS) in high-complexity healthcare institutions in Colombia. Through a literature review and an analysis of local and international cases, the effects of these systems were evaluated in three key areas: patient safety, operational efficiency, and cost control. The findings show that UDMDS significantly reduces medication errors, optimizes logistical and administrative processes, and contributes to the financial sustainability of institutions by minimizing pharmaceutical waste. In Colombia, experiences from institutions such as Clínica Fundación Valle del Lili and Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe demonstrate promising results, although regulatory gaps and challenges related to technological infrastructure and staff training remain obstacles to the widespread implementation of UDMDS in the country. This study highlights the need to develop specific strategies for the adoption and integration of UDMDS to enhance the quality of care and strengthen the Colombian healthcare system.Item Análisis del riesgo microbiológico asociado a coliformes fecales y Salmonella spp en el cultivo de rábano con aplicación de lodos residuales y biosólidos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Peláez Giraldo, Angie Daniela; Agudelo Sánchez, Luis Eduardo; Cárdenas Talero, José Luis (Director)Domestic wastewater treatment plants generate by-products, including residual sludge and biosolids, which contain a large amount of organic matter and nutrients. This material is generally not utilized and is discarded without adding value, increasing its final disposal in landfills. Therefore, this research analyzed the microbiological risk associated with the use of residual sludge and biosolids applied to a radish crop (Raphanus sativus L.). Initial microbiological analyses (before treatment preparation) were conducted on the soil, sludge, and biosolids, as well as microbiological analyses of the treatments used at harvest, including the vegetable. The study was carried out using the most probable number (MPN) technique for the determination of fecal coliforms, based on Standard Methods, and the Colombian technical standard NTC 4574 was used to identify the presence of Salmonella spp. The results showed that the initial microbiological characteristics of biosolids A and B met the established regulations and could be used for the study. In the case of residual sludge, the microbial load was high because they are unstabilized by-products. However, microbiological results for the experimental treatments at the applied doses showed a significant decrease in microbial load for fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. Nevertheless, radishes harvested from the different treatments, except for the treatment (T1: Soil-Biosolid A), presented high concentrations of fecal coliforms, making them unsuitable for consumption. The biosolids originated in the PTARca, when mixed with soil doses, generate a by-product with great potential for soil application, but it is not recommended to cultivate directly consumable foods as it was shown that microorganisms develop mechanisms to adhere to, survive, and multiply in the radish.Item Análisis del rol de los microorganismos en la transformación, degradación y biorremediación de compuestos organoclorados en ambientes acuáticos y suelos contaminados: Una revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Caicedo Artunduaga, Andres Felipe; Fernandez Daza, Fabian Felipe (Director)This systematic review evaluates the role of microorganisms in the transformation, degradation, and bioremediation of organochlorine compounds in aquatic environments and contaminated soils. A total of 25 scientific studies published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed, covering regions such as India, China, Egypt, Spain, Italy, Colombia, Mexico, and Nigeria. The most prominent microorganisms include bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Dehalococcoides, Paenibacillus, Enterobacter; fungi such as Trametes versicolor and Penicillium crustosum; and microalgae such as Cystoseira spp. Under controlled conditions, removal rates above 90% were observed for pesticides such as DDT, lindane, diuron, 2,4- D, and PCP. Key mechanisms include dehalogenation, co-metabolism, aerobic oxidation, and complete mineralization. The effectiveness of these processes depends on factors such as pH, temperature, nutrient availability, and the type of microbial consortium. This review highlights the biotechnological potential of microorganisms in mitigating persistent pollutants, promoting ecological restoration and public health.