Bioingeniería
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Browsing Bioingeniería by Author "Bermeo Varón, Leonardo Antonio"
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Item “Desarrollo de dispositivo para realizar terapia simultánea por medio de hipertermia, tens y vibración para el tratamiento del túnel carpiano”(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Trujillo Ospina, Edwin; Hoyos Torres, Uriel Edinson; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioCarpal tunnel syndrome is neuropathy that irritate the median and ulnar nerve. It can cause pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the hand and fingers. The syndrome is more common in women than in men with a ratio of approximately 3:1and affects people in the age range of 35 to 60. Irritation of one of the nerves at the base of the wrist is treated with aprotocol called ascending, which ranges from therapeutic to surgical treatments. Among the treatments are those usingsteroids or various types of medication that normally have short-term results, the surgery that always has secondary effectsand post-operative trauma that could even relapse into a total disability of the hand and those performed with hyperthermia,TENS and mobility exercises by devices, which have had good results independently and combining two of these therapies. Considering the good results that these last treatments have had in this work, a device is developed that provides therapyfor carpal tunnel syndrome employing hyperthermia, TENS and neuro-mobility techniques independently orsimultaneously, to avoid surgical treatment, which causes disability and in some cases loss of normal motor functions. Thedevice is tested on 29 (10-19) people with and without disabilities to know its acceptability and effectiveness. The results Trujillo, E., Hoyos, U. E., & Bermeo, L. A. [(2020)] indicate that the device effectively provides the treatment of the 3 combined therapies in a single device, adequatelyproviding the therapy with the acceptability of 89.7% at the time of use and 62.1% after using the device. The device will allow the specialists to execute the therapy in a complete way reducing the attention times.Item Diseño y construcción de un dispositivo de medición de succión en neonatos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) García Arias, Lina Vanessa; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioThe sucking reflex is innate and must function properly in terms of its capacity and coordination with the other reflexes involved in the feeding process, avoiding metabolic, linguistic and neuronal complications, which if not attended to in time can lead to death of the newborn . In Latin America, the most methods used are qualitative and inaccurate, based on subjective evaluation scales such as the escalation of NOMAS (Scale of Neonatal Evaluation of the Oral Engine) and the one established by Virginia Apgar in 1953. In the present study, we describe a new wireless system for the quantitative and objective measurement of the sucking reflex in newborns that allows obtaining the results of different sucking patterns in real time. The measuring system consists of a resistive force sensor (RFP-602e). The sucking data is sent via Bluetooth to a portable computer, in which a program was developed in the MATLAB® programming environment to receive, display and store the sucking patterns. A total of ten term newborns were recruited from The Siloé siglo XXI Hospital, which is attached to the Ladera Health Network, in Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Results show that the proposed system is adequate to measure the sucking behavior of babies, even within a few hours of life, which could help doctors to detect in a timely manner the risk of delayed child development in the future.Item Estimación de parámetros en la terapia de hipertermia por radiofrecuencia para el tratamiento del cáncer(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Serna Maldonado, Rafael Daniel; López Pérez, Jorge Iván; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioRadiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia is a therapy that takes advantage of the penetration qualities of electromagnetic waves to induce heating in tissues; this therapy is combined with radiotherapy for cancer treatment and chemotherapy that increases to effectiveness of treatment. The mechanism of action of this therapy is the increase of temperature in the tumor, in order to achieve apoptosis of the cell that has an excessive growth and thus generate immediate cell death. This treatment, despite demonstrating its effectiveness, has many limitations such as the low penetrability of the wave, which suggests that the treatments are usually for superficial or shallow tumor tissues. In addition, the concentration of heating at a specific point is another major problem, since when it is induced it is not limited only to tumor tissue, but it affects healthy tissues and to this is added the fact that not all patients present with same physical characteristics in the tissues, which makes the therapy different in the treatment implementation. This paper deals with the estimates of the parameters in radiofrequency hyperthermia therapy, with simulated experimental data and numerical solution of the system, by means of the Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms, to specify the treatment depending of patient. The results indicate that it is possible to estimate a parameter, obtaining excellent results with the LM optimization algorithm that allow to make a planning for therapy in a specified patient and least possible damage to normal and healthy tissue.Item Estimación de parámetros en la terapia por ultrasonido de alta intensidad para el tratamiento de cáncer(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) De Los Ríos Cárdenas, Laura; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioHyperthermia using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an acoustic therapy used in clinical applications to destroy malignant tumors of bone, breast, brain, kidney, pancreas, prostate, rectum and testicle. This technique consists in reducing the temperature in the tumor or in the specific area, to achieve coagulative necrosis and immediate cell death. Although hyperthermia can cure cancer, it can also cause side effects and even damage healthy cells or tissues. Therefore, for having a successful treatment, it is important to monitor and observe what is the tissue behavior, as well as its changes, before, during and after the procedure Mathematical models are tools that can be useful to simulate an adequate therapy by differentiating characteristics that will depend on each individual. In this work, an estimation of parameters for a direct model with rectangular two-dimensional domain is presented, the estimation was made with numerical data and simulated experimental data, both apply the same model, but the experimental data with the largest number of mesh elements and a random additive measurement error. These results demonstrate that by identifying the appropriate parameters of each patient, it is possible to predict the thermal responses of the tissue to be treated and, based on them, to plan an adequate cancer treatment by inducing heat by HIFU.Item Evaluación de indicadores en la gestión de mantenimiento de equipos médicos en la Fundación Hospital San Pedro(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Erazo Benavides, Natalia Milena; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioThe management of maintenance of medical equipment in health care institutions is important, since it depends on the medical equipment have a good operation and an adequate useful life, to provide a good quality health service. The purpose of this management is to ensure the safe operation of the equipment and is considered a support tool for the institution's engineering and medical personnel, in processes such as: planning, maintenance, inventory control, providing a safe environment and minimizing outages of equipment; which allows evaluating their performance from different areas, such as technical, clinical and economic. In the technical area, functional aspects of the equipment are evaluated, in the clinical aspects related to the performance of the equipment and in the economic with maintenance costs. In addition, maintenance management of medical equipment play a major role in Hospital Technology Management, since this tool can identify possible failures that an equipment is close to have, changes required by the maintenance or engineering area, helping in aspects such as: efficiency, efficiency and productivity have a continuous improvement. This paper presents an analysis of the current state of the medical equipment of the San Pedro Foundation Hospital, which includes the inventory, the datasheet, the preventive maintenance schedule, corrective maintenance documentation and management indicators. In addition, an optimization is performed with the K-NN algorithm, which determines which personnel is most suitable to carry out a specific corrective maintenance, based on the failure history of the institution, seeking to optimize equipment attention times and the possibility of performing training updates for personnel in specific areas of maintenance.Item Herramienta de análisis multicriterio: Un apoyo para la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias en instituciones hospitalarias(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Montaño Saac, Leydi Tatiana; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioThe development of new technologies for health care, hospital and clinical support, has generated great impact on health and its costs, in that sense aspects such as clinical effectiveness and safety, economic impacts, the technical characteristics of these innovations, should be properly evaluated before being introduced into clinical practice. This article develops a tool for the Evaluation of Health Technologies in an institution in the city of Cali, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. Following this method, the domains and criteria based on the HH Core Model of the EuHTA were identified, which were used to build the hierarchy tree and the evaluation matrices, which allowed to obtain the priority autovectors. The evaluation of the domains and criteria was carried out by experts in charge of decision making in the institution. The verbal evaluations were interpreted numerically according to the Saaty scale. A series of matrices were constructed with each of the assessments of the decision makers, in order to obtain the priority vectors necessary to weigh the different alternatives of fetal monitoring equipment. The implementation of this tool contributed to the standardization of the evaluation processes in the institution and allowed decisions to be made more objectively, there is still the possibility of improving the tool in such a way that its use is easier by the institution's personnel.Item Métodos de calibración para insufladores abdominales(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Hernández Mendoza, Jefferson; López Pacheco, Moisés; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioThe pneumoinflator or abdominal insufflator is a fundamental equipment in a large number of surgical specialties, mainly in laparoscopic surgeries. It is used for the introduction of CO2 into the abdominal cavity, known as pneumoperitoneum, to generate adequate working conditions for intervention. the gas supplied in terms of volume, flow and pressure, are essential to prevent adverse events such as hypercapnia, hypothermia and embolism. Given the importance of a pneumo-insufflator when used in surgery, the health care institutions should verify that their equipment is in optimal conditions of use, with periodic calibration and good management of preventive maintenance-oriented at risks. For pneumoinflator equipment, there is a wide and diverse variety of calibration methods because the equipment has two separately creditable variables such as flow and pressure, but there is no standardization of a guaranteed method or of the coupled variables for this equipment, which could lead to possible errors at the time of calibration. Thus, in this paper presents the most relevant calibration methods for abdominal insufflators. A standardized method is suggested to help reduce errors that may arise in the calibration process, the unification of calculations and a better estimate of uncertainty. Additionally, the principle of operation of the equipment, its characteristics, maintenance routine, internal composition and the complications that could occur during surgery are presented.Item Métodos para la calibración de desfibriladores: una revisión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Ruiz Aguayo, Jefferson; Delgadillo Barbosa, Fabián Camilo; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioThe defibrillator is a biomedical device that generates an electrical impulse through external electrodes located on the chest, or internal paddles directly to the heart, to reverse cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia, mainly. The good functioning of this equipment is of vital importance where the calibration takes a determining role in the use of the equipment to avoid adverse events. The calibration process of a defibrillator consists of comparing the quantities with the analyzer. Currently, there are several defibrillator calibration methods, where health institutions and metrological laboratories do not have the resources to define the most appropriate method, implementing the one that best suits their needs. In this paper, calibration methods are described, and, through a systematic study, standardization of a method is suggested, considering all its uncertainties and parameters. A review of the defibrillator calibration methods is carried out in databases such as Dialnet, Scielo, Science Direct, Google Academic, texts and theses from different international and national universities, finding 15 articles in a period from 2005 to 2019. The results indicate that the method proposed by Llamosa, Meza & Villareal is the most complete because it takes all the uncertainties that affect the measurement, such as the accuracy of the work pattern, resolution of the work pattern, resolution of equipment to be calibrated and repeatability of readings. It is recommended to change the 4000 analyzers to the 7000DP because the accuracy of the 4000 analyzers has high values that reduce the reliability of the method.Item Protocolo para la adquisición de señales mioeléctricas de los músculos inervados por los nervios ulnar, radial y medial para una órtesis de mano(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Bravo Hoyos, Andrea Alexandra; Pérez Plaza, Vanessa; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo AntonioAn orthosis is an external device applied to the body at the time of a structural, functional or disability impairment, which over the years has demonstrated its benefits in rehabilitation and functionality. Currently, there are active orthotics of general design. This suggests some adaptability in the person who has a disability, leading to an inadequate use of the orthotics in many cases. An alternative is the design of orthoses in a specific way, which has limited studies. This is the case of the hand, which is one of the organs with greater external functionality in the human body and which is directly related to daily activities such as feeding and non-verbal communication, mainly. This project proposes a protocol for the acquisition of myoelectric signals in the muscles of the upper limb. They are innervated by the radial, medial and ulnar nerve, which are responsible for the movements of flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation of the hand. They also have to do with metacarpophalangeal flexion, metacarpophalangeal extension, and opposition and thumb adduction. In the future, this project can be used as a guiding base for the design and construction of a specific functional active hand orthosis. This study includes the generation of patterns of each movement and the comparison of the magnitude of the myoelectric signal, in order to determine the specific location of the electrodes. Samples of the signals were made in six people without disabilities, non-invasively. The points of greatest innervation detected by the surface electrodes in each muscle were determined. Seven (7) protocols and / or recommendations for the location of sensors in the muscles with reference in the SENIAM were obtained, with the aim of defining the appropriate combinations for the design of an active orthosis. Finally, with this study it is possible to determine the location of the electrodes for the proper classification of the eight (8) movements. Depending on the disability to be treated, the designer and / or manufacturer of the orthosis will be free to determine the necessary number of devices electronic devices according to the needs. The idea is to avoid overloaded systems of devices (sensors, actuators) that can generate trauma during the use of the orthosis and even its uselessness due to ergonomics problems or simply due to the weight of the device.