Bioingeniería
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Browsing Bioingeniería by Author "Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)"
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Item Adquisición de información relativa a los niveles de colesterol en sangre mediante el análisis morfológico de la señal PPG: Estudio de factibilidad(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Villota Ojeda, María Yoselin; Villota Ojeda, Angie Vanessa; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)The detection of cholesterol is carried out through an invasive procedure that involves the extraction of blood through venipuncture, which allows the analysis and measurement of lipids through enzymatic methods, for its part, this technique involves pain, emotional distress and risk of infection. Therefore, this study investigated whether the information provided by the morphology of the PPG signal can predict existing cholesterol levels. 160 features of the morphological parameters of the PPG signal were extracted from forty-six records of people with high (n=12), medium-high (n=18) and optimal (n=16) cholesterol levels. In addition, the correlation analysis, Relief, mRMR and F-test were used to reduce dimensionality and redundancy in the characteristics, implementing the more optimal ones in the different families of models such as regression trees, support vector machines and Gaussian processes. The combination of the selection method and model, which showed the best performance was the Relieff and Rational Quadratic GPR respectively, achieving a root mean square error (RSME) of 2,710 mg/dL and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1,372 mg/dL. Likewise, a large part of the implemented models obtained better performance with the previous method. Acquiring information on cholesterol levels is feasible using the study of the morphology of the PPG signal, in turn, these results could be useful due to the great contribution of PPG characteristics that were significantly correlated with lipid concentration in blood.Item Aproximación a un protocolo de calibración para el pulsioxímetro(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Arroyo Olayo, Dayana Andrea; Realpe Gómez, Karen Patricia; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)In clinical practice, the pulse oximeter is one of the most used devices for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases related to oxygen saturation (SpO2). For this reason, health service providers must have specific protocols for these instruments based on current regulations. However, in Colombia, the current regulations only present general guidelines for the calibration of biomedical devices and there is no standardized protocol for the calibration of pulse oximeters that is based on current regulations. For these reasons and to contribute to the improvement of quality in the provision of the health service, this monograph proposes a calibration protocol for the pulse oximeter that guarantees its proper functioning and, therefore, correct and reliable measurements. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and it included a search in 4 databases: Google Scholar, Realdcy, Scielo and universiry repositories. 354 documents published in the years 2007-2020 were found. After removing duplicates and examining each of the identified studies, 27 documents were obtained for analysis, including degree theses, legal documents, journal articles, and technical reports. The analysis showed that Colombia is the country with the largest literature on the subject and the only one where a specific protocol has been formulated to calibrate pulse oximeters, but under NTC 7025 of 2005, which makes this protocol out of date today. The proposed protocol is structured in three phases: a first for diagnosis, a second for electrical assurance, and a third and last for the actual calibration of the pulse oximeter. With this contribution, it is expected to submit the proposed protocol to a rigorous evaluation in order to detect shortcomings and make the necessary improvements for its subsequent implementation.Item Calidad de la medición del peso corporal durante las primeras etapas del desarrollo infantil: una revisión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Riascos Arboleda, Julián David; García Herrera, Felipe Augusto; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)One of the anthropometric variables that allow predicting possible abnormalities in the development of newborns is body weight. Just as a lower than expected value could increase the risk of the probability of dying during the first year of life, a high birth weight could also be a risk factor for developing obesity. In the case of neonates who are in intermediate therapy, weight is measured daily using a neonatal scale or a baby scale. Since the weight of a newborn is expressed in grams, the relative error can be considerable, which implies the need to ensure the quality of the results provided by these instruments. Based on this, a systematic review of the literature regarding the quality of body weight measurements in newborns was carried out. To this end, a literature search between 2007 and 2019 was performed on 6 databases: Bdigital, Iopscience, Mincit, Minsalud, Repositorio and Scielo. After removing duplicates and evaluating whether the study was really relevant, 19 documents were chosen for analysis. Of the total number of studies reviewed, it was found that Colombia does not currently have a quality assurance program for the measurements reported by baby weighing scales. This, in turn, could be attributed to insufficient national and international regulations for measurements in biomedical equipment; very expensive metrology processes for some regions; and personnel not capable or qualified to carry out metrological activities. Hence the need to carry out new studies of current regulations, both nationally and internationally in terms of quality assurance processes in the measurements of biomedical equipment for weighing newborns. This in order to promote the generation of new mechanisms that focus on improving the provision of health servicesItem Construcción de un dispositivo vestible para asistir a personas visualmente impedidas (PVI’s) en la detección y caracterización de obstáculos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Santacruz Forero, Lina María; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)Visual impairment is considered the third most prevalent disability in the Colombian population and, according to DANE, the department with the highest number of visually impaired people (VIP’s) is Valle del Cauca with 13.22%. It has been shown that it is possible to contribute to the good development of VIPs within the context of today's society through innovative technological proposals, such as white canes. However, these systems limit the autonomy of the individual by requiring the use of at least one of their hands, and their function is restricted to detecting obstacles without providing more detailed information about them, such as their dimensions. Furthermore, most of these devices have physical characteristics that make their transport difficult, and users' opinions are rarely taken into account when developing these systems. Thus, the present research aims to design and develop a portable device to assist VIPs who wish to move from one place to another, through the detection and characterization of obstacles. The design of the device was guided through a survey directed to several VIPs. After a rigorous selection of the components, it was decided to use ultrasound and infrared sensors (HRS-04 and SHARP GP2Y0A21, respectively), whose behavior in terms of distance estimation was characterized prior to the development of the device. The latter was evaluated through a series of operability and performance tests with VIPs and people without visual impairment, with their respective assessment of the degree of compliance. The results indicated that the device meets all the aesthetic (comfort, ease of use and transport) and functional requirements required by the VIP's. Hence the importance of a good choice of the types of sensors to use, of an optimal location and distribution of them in the system, of taking into account the opinion of the users within the entire development and of a comfortable and simple interface. of user / system communication that provide.Item Detección de la apnea obstructiva del sueño mediante el análisis de la variabilidad de frecuencia cardíaca de muy corto plazo utilizando señales electrocardiográficas(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Figueroa Peláez, Diana Carolina; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a currently prevalent respiratory disorder, which can cause short, medium and long- term alterations in the health of those who suffer from it. This is due to the cessation or interruption of gas exchange produced during each episode, so is very important it’s identification and diagnosis. However, only a small part of this population is diagnosed and treated, since the costs and inconveniences associated with the standard test used by physicians and specialized sleep centers are high. Based on the aforementioned issues, the present study proposes a method for detecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) by analyzing very short-term heart rate variability (ultra-short-term HRV) of ECG signals. For this purpose, we used the free distribution database The Apnea-ECG Database, provided by PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge 2000, from which we calculated 1-min series of RR intervals byusing algorithms that make it possible to extract parameters, both in the time and frequency domains, and non-linear parameters (Poincaré plots), which could suggest the presence of an episode of apnea. According to the results obtained, the parameters showing greater reliability in terms of sensitivity and specificity are the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), the standard deviation of the successive differences between adjacent NN intervals (SDSD), the square root of the mean of the squares of the successive differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD), and the cardiac vagal index (CVI), being the one with the highest sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (VPN) the CVI with Se= 99.73% and VPN= 99.36%, and the one with the highest specificity (Sp) and positive predictive value (VPP) was SDNN with values of Sp= 82.90% and VPP= 67.86%, suggesting that these parameters might be used for the future development of system or devise that can detect OSAS episodes in a short time.Item Elaboración de un protocolo para calibración de equipos de pesaje no automático y esfigmomanómetros bajo los lineamientos de la norma NTC/ISO-IEC 17025:2017(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Riascos Cuéllar, Leyder David; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)The calibration of biomedical equipment classified as measuring instruments must be currently performed by accredited laboratories, as specified in Decree 1595 of 2015 that regulates legal metrology in Colombia. The goal is to ensure that the optimal operation of the technology and that the patient's safety is not compromised. Based on this, the present investigation aims to develop a protocol for calibration of biomedical equipment, specifically non-automatic weighing instruments as well as mechanical and automatic sphygmomanometers under the guidelines of the Colombian technical standard NTC / ISO-IEC 17025 General Requirements for the competence of the 2017 testing and calibration laboratories. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to review the literature guides SIM MWG7 / cg-01 / v.00 of 2009, OIML R16-1 and R16-2, which are the basis for the elaboration of the proposed protocol. In addition, the advisor of the National Accreditation Agency of Colombia provided training sessions - ONAC hired by the institution in the process of accreditation, where all the analyses were performed. These trainings focused on strengthening the competence of the personnel involved, such as basic statistics, measurement uncertainty, mass internship, pressure internship; which allowed them to acquire the theoretical and related technical bases in the elaboration of a protocol that can be adopted by any calibration laboratory.Item Estimación de la frecuencia respiratoria a partir de la combinación de parámetros derivados de la señal fotopletismográfica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Ruiz Hidalgo, Aura María; Andrade Sánchez, Yheferson ; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)In the current health care setting, accurate and continuous measurement of respiratory rate (RR) is essential to effectively assess health status. It was recently reported that variations in amplitude of successive systolic peaks of the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, known as systolic variability (RISV), provide a more accurate estimate of RF. However, limiting this estimate to a single parameter could exclude relevant information. The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the contribution of RISV in the estimation of RF when combined with variations in amplitude (RIAV), frequency (RIFV) and intensity (RIIV) of the PPG signal due to respiration. Public databases with PPG recordings and respiratory signal were used as reference. After extracting the series of respiration-induced variations and obtaining their representation in the frequency domain using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram, estimates were evaluated using metrics such as RMSE and MAE, with errors of 6.50 and 5.21 resp/min. In addition, Bland-Altman concordance analysis was applied, with and without "smart fusion". The results suggest that combinations incorporating RISV, especially RIAF + RIIV + RIFV + RISV, considerably reduce the error associated with RF estimation. Although the differences between estimates and true values could be significant, further research is required to validate and adapt these findings to specific clinical situations.Item Evaluación de dolor mediante conductancia cutánea: Estudio de factibilidad(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Castillo Gómez, Cristian David; Navarrete Jiménez, Carlos Mario; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)The most widely used procedure in clinical practice for pain assessment is the self-report. However, this brings with it serious limitations in patients who do not have the physical and/or cognitive skills necessary to report the origin and intensity of the pain they suffer. Based on this, several authors have examined the capabilities of multiple autonomic parameters when used for assessing pain. Despite being promising, such approaches demand a high number of sensors, which might be inappropriate when used in patients with severe pain. Thue, the present study aims to determine whether or not it is feasible to use skin conductance to assess pain in healthy people. The tests were carried out on 15 healthy volunteers, who were subjected to 2 types of stimulation : sonorous (not painful) and thermal (painful). The latter was achieved using the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) method, which consists of immersing the opposite wrist in which the biosignal is measured in a bucket of water at a temperature of 2-6°C. Once the signal was acquired, various parameters were extracted, such as the mean, median, standard deviation and entropy, which were calculated before and during the application of the stimulus. After carrying out the statistical analysis of the data, it was observed that the mean value of skin conductance increases significantly when applying a painful thermal stimulus, which does not happen when the stimulus is sound. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the mean conductance values obtained from each of the thermal and sound stimuli, which suggests that the variations recorded are not specific to pain, but may arise as a consequence of the application of any stimulus that stands out from the environment. Therefore, although skin conductance may vary considerably as a result of the application of a highlighting stimulus; it is not a feasible parameter for theevaluation of pain since it cannot distinguish pain intensities or types of stimuli, in addition to not having been used in a clinical.Item Evaluación de métodos alternativos (phantomless) para calibración de equipos de ultrasonido dentro del contexto hospitalario colombiano: una revisión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Martínez Muñoz, Nicol Dayanna; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)Traditional ultrasound calibration methods use phantoms as a standard to ensure precise images. However, acquiring and managing phantoms is costly and complex. Challenges such as phantom deterioration, changes in their properties over time, and their difficulties in adapting to various equipment and environments have led to the investigation of alternative calibration methods, known as phantomless. This study aims to analyze and compare these ultrasound calibration methods that do not rely on phantoms, evaluating their effectiveness, applicability, and feasibility in the Colombian hospital context. To achieve this, a thorough search was conducted on the IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar databases, limiting the search to a 15 year period and restricting the documents to English. The identified records were organized in an Excel database. Documents referring to phantoms or hybrid calibration methods involving phantoms, as well as those related to other medical ultrasound equipment, were excluded. Furthermore, unavailable and incomplete documents were discarded. A total of four documents were obtained for analysis, two of which included the source code used for calibration. These source codes could be valuable for future research in the Colombian hospital context, providing the foundation for developing more efficient ultrasound calibration methods and overcoming the limitations associated with standard equipment, potentially leading to a more efficient ultrasound calibration process while eliminating the constraints posed by phantoms.Item Implementación de un control en línea de lazo cerrado de una interfaz cerebro computadora para la aplicación de un tercer brazo virtual(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Rendón Martínez, Yubely; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)Brain-machine interfaces (BCI) are systems that decode, order and use brain activity through a computer. Among the various challenges that can be found in BCI systems, brain stimulation or feedback suggests one of the most relevant since it facilitates the understanding and performance of the user. Rehabilitation training suggests one of the applications of the MI-BCI imagination paradigm, focused on guiding the brain to accept external prosthetic devices as its own, contributing to motor function along with physical rehabilitation of the upper extremities. This study implements the online closed-loop control of a brain-computer interface for the application of a virtual third arm, making the user take control of animations given the categories: left arm, right arm, imaginary third arm and resting position, as a means for rehabilitation seeking the perception of novelty for the brain in an immersive environment. The interactive environment was developed in Unity visualized in virtual reality (VR) glasses Oculus Quest 2 and controlled by EEG signals of unipolar or referential acquisition through Biosemi Active Two. A comparison of the contribution of the electrodes in the classification performance in Machine Learning, using Genetic Algorithms (GA), together with the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the stages of feature selection and characterization respectively. A 77% accuracy of the model was obtained, using this methodology with the KNN algorithm and 79.66% user acceptance.Item Utilización de parámetros derivados de la señal fotopletismográfica (PPG) para la valoración de dolor inducido experimentalmente en sujetos sanos: estudio de factibilidad(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Ramírez Mena, Andrés David; Argüello Prada, Erick Javier (Director)Given the need to assess pain experienced by patients in an adequate and objective way, several efforts have been made to determine whether it is possible to assess the pain suffered by an individual through physiological indicators. However, most of these efforts have focused on evaluating the response of subjects to thermal or, even, electrical stimuli, and very little evidence exists on the feasibility of detecting and/or quantifying the intensity of pain experimentally induced by mechanical stimuli. In addition, the use of multiple parameters can bring complications during implementation, electrical risk and discomfort for the subject. Based on this, the objective of this study was to assess whether it is possible, through certain parameters derived from the photoplethysmographic signal (PPG), to detect the presence or absence of pain caused by mechanical stimuli. The three parameters used were heart rate, PPG signal amplitude (PPGA), and the high-frequency component of heart rate variability. Fifteen healthy subjects (11 men and 4 women; between 18 and 45 years old) voluntarily participated in the study, after signing an informed consent. A mechanical stimulus was applied at three different intensities: 3, 6 and 9 N, for approximately 3 seconds, and the variations of the chosen parameters were captured through an acquisition circuit and a processing algorithm programmed in the MATLAB environment. The results obtained suggest that, even though the three parameters were able to distinguish pain from no pain, only the heart rate was able to differentiate between low and medium pain levels, as well as low and high pain levels. However, it was shown that, regardless of intensity, a mechanical stimulus capable of inducing pain could significantly influence the parameters analyzed. Future work could include a larger number of participants and randomize the application of the stimulus.