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Item El uso de las TIC para el bienestar estudiantil antes, durante y después de la pandemia en IES en Colombia que han trabajado sobre este aspecto(2024-06-12) Benavides Meza, Yasmin Liliana; Avendaño Rodríguez, Luis Alfredo; Giraldo Arias, LauraReconocer, identificar y analizar las estrategias y actividades implementadas por la Universidad objeto de estudio y otras universidades de Colombia, enfocándose en el uso de herramientas interactivas para el bienestar estudiantil antes, durante y después de la pandemiaItem Inverse heat transfer problem for the characterization of nanofluids produced with different types of palladium nanoparticles(2024) Silva, Nilton P.; Varon, Leonardo A.B.; Cruz, Cláudia C.R.; Fonseca, Henrique M.; Costa, Jose M.J.; Cesar, Claudio L.; Santos, Dilson S. Dos; Orlande, Helcio R.B.The objective of this work is the measurement of physical properties of distilled water nanofluids containing palladium nanocubes, palladium cerium oxide nanoparticles, and their respective hydrides. Due to their biocompatibility and favorable photothermal effects, palladium nanoparticles can be used to promote localized absorption of external energy sources in the thermal treatment of cancer, aiming at a thermal damage constrained to the tumor region without significant effects to the healthy tissues. An inverse problem is solved here within the Bayesian framework of statistics with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, by using nonintrusive transient measurements taken with an infrared camera during the heating of different water-based nanofluids. The mathematical model used in this work takes into account natural convection effects, due to the nonuniform heat source caused by the diode-laser that heats the nanofluids. Prior distributions for the model parameters were selected based on additional independent measurements, theoretical models and by the careful implementation of the experiments. The proposed model and the estimated parameters were validated, with an excellent agreement between the measured temperatures and those obtained from stochastic simulations during the solution of the inverse problem.Item El campo de la transposición didáctica en la transición de la aritmética al álgebra: Una revisión sistemática(2024-06-13) Garcia Fajardo, Victoria Alejandra; Burbano González, Diana CarolinaRealizar una revisión sistemática con el propósito de conocer las tendencias con relación a los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en la transición de la aritmética al álgebra a la luz de la transposición didáctica en instituciones de básica y media. To conduct a systematic review to identify trends related to teaching and learning processes in the transition from arithmetic to algebra in light of didactic transposition in basic and secondary education institutions.Item Phenomenological approach to the side effects of medicines in swallowing in the elderly population(Venezuelan Society of Pharmacology and Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacology, 2020-07-07) Perdomo Galindo, Mónica Yohana; Ordóñez, Edward Javier; Luna Nieto, AlexanderBackground and Objective: A review of clinical histories is carried out in a population of 39 older women who are institutionalized in a geriatric and nursing home hospital in Colombia, recording the basic diagnosis and the medications they are given, in order to identify how the side effects of these medications interfere with one or more of the swallowing stages and what risk factors they may trigger for food intake. Materials and methods: In this study we used a descriptive exploratory method and a hermeneutic interpretation framework, based on swallowing screening, in the study population. Results: Given the basic pathology or pathologies presented by this population, they have pre-registration of various medications, which generate side effects that affect food intake, among which are: Xerostomia, alteration of intraoral sensitivity, motor alteration of the structures involved in swallowing, among others, affecting the dynamics of swallowing and safe food intake. Analysis: We identify the drugs that are being given to each patient, making a characterization and identification of side effects and how they can interfere in any of the phases of the swallowing, as well as risk factors arising from the alterations in any of the phases of the swallowing. The above is related to the fact that the main objective of the diet is to nourish and hydrate and any alteration in this process affects the quality of life of the elderly, even putting their lives at risk.Item Enhancing the production of the fermentable sugars from sugarcane straw: A new approach to applying alkaline and ozonolysis pretreatments(Elsevier Ltd, 2020-09-21) Orduña Ortega, Julieth; Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés; Metzker, Gustavo; Gomes, Eleni De Barros; Da Silva, Roberto; Boscolo, MaurícioThe present study, sugarcane straw residue (SCS) was submitted to a combination of mild alkaline pretreatment and ozone cycles in a rotary reactor aiming to obtain fermentable sugars. The SCS exposed to short ozone cycles and short reaction times proved to be as efficient as long ozone exposure times usually employed, with no significant variation on the concentration of the fermentable sugars. Also, studies carried out on the ozone concentration, ozone exposure time, reaction time and biomass amount on the ozonolysis process were conducted. The washing processes after alkaline pretreatment and ozonolysis were also studied. During the alkaline pretreatment, approximately 73% of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was generated. After the first wash 79% of the TPC was washed away and 95% was removed after the second wash. The TPC content in wash solution obtained after ozonolysis is about 2.3% of the TPC generated with the alkaline pretreatment. For the enzymatic hydrolysate 0.20 g L−1 of TPC was obtained, a low value compared to similar studies. The inhibitor detected in the highest concentration was acetic acid for all solutions, except for ozonolysis where fumaric acid predominated. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural were detected in amounts of less than 10 mg L−1.Item Characterization of people with type ii diabetes using electrical bioimpedance(Springer, 2020-08-11) Rodríguez Timaná, Luis Carlos; Castillo García, Javier FerneyDiabetes is a disease that causes the death of a person every seven seconds around the world and is also expensive. In 2014, it invested 600 billion dollars to be treated worldwide, that is why the need arises develop technological projects that allow the analysis of specific patterns in people suffering from this disease, in order to detect the pathology in a non-invasive manner and reduce costs, for which an electrical bioelectrical impedance analyzer was developed for the analysis of diabetes. The integrated AD5933 was used as a bioimpedance signal acquisition device and a beaglebone black development platform to process said data. Bioelectrical impedance data were taken from 5 healthy people and 3 people with the pathology. The data were processed by mathematical methods such as linearization with least squares and correlation, which allowed us to find parameters to differentiate between the signals of people with diabetes and people without diabetes. It was determined that people with diabetes have a curve that relates their bioimpedance in a range of frequencies from 10 kHz to 80 kHz, a curve that presented a high correlation to a power function of the form aXb. It was observed that the people who presented values of coefficients (a) greater than 38000 and exponents (b) less than −0.659 were people with diabetes, this in turn allowed to find the equation of a line that separates the two populations W0 + 1W * a + W2 * b = 0.Item System for analysis of human gait using inertial sensors(Springer, 2020-08-11) Saavedra Lozano, Diego Fernando; Castillo García, Javier FerneyGait laboratories using image processing are the standardized method to analyze human gait, but these are expensive, require restrictive workspaces, and post-processing times. On the other hand, inertial sensors are cheaper and reach high performance with lower computational cost in its implementation. In this work, a wireless system was implemented for the analysis of human gait using inertial sensors. The inertial sensor was chosen according to its specifications, cost, and pursuant to the characteristics of the human gait. In total, seven inertial sensors were used, arranged on the pelvis, thighs, legs and feet. A calibration algorithm was implemented to adjust the sensor angles with those of their respective body segment based on a known posture. The data capture system was verified comparing the angle of flexion-extension of the knee with the angle obtained by the artificial vision system from the sagittal plane and comparing it with bands of normality. As a result, it was possible to implement a low-cost inertial motion capture system for the analysis of human gait, with its respective graphical interface to visualize the orientation, flexion-extension angles for each segment and joint of the lower limbs. It is concluded that is possible to develop a complete tool for the kinematic analysis of human gait with the information of the artificial vision system or an anthropometric model.Item Embedded system for electrical load characterization based on artificial neuronal networks in the management of electrical demand in a domotic system(Springer, 2020-08-11) Suaza Cano, Kevin Andrés; Angulo Gamboa, Ángel Stiven; Castillo García, Javier FerneyA load characterization system was developed in an embedded platform, in order to identify electrical devices used in the home. For the characterization process, the most representative electrical parameters of the different loads were defined, which were used in the training of an artificial neural network implemented in an embedded platform with a network topology with the best performance in terms of computational resources, time of execution and percentage of error. The network topologic had two hidden layers each one with 10 neurons. With the characterization of electrical charges, an intelligent home automation system could be created which can generate savings of up to 23% compared to traditional home automation systems or 69% savings compared to a home without any automation or system control. The proposed demand management system can actively manage the loads due to the knowledge of the elements connected to the network, identifying periods of low consumption which can be related to charging processes completed in mobile phones, laptops or standby mode for televisions. The identification of charges facilitates the implementation of management schemes and control of electric charges.Item Synthesis, characterization, and redox potential properties of a new double-stranded Ni-bis(hydrazone)-based helicate(Academic Press Inc., 2020-08-25) Villada, Juan D.; Carmona Vargas, Christian C.; Alcides Ellena, Javier; Ayala, Alejandro P.; Ramírez Pradilla, Juan S.; Combariza, M. Y.; Galarza, Esperanza; D'Vries, Richard Fernando; Chaur, Manuel N.Herein we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a new Ni-bis(hydrazone) complex with the chemical formula [Ni2(L)2(Cl)2](Cl)2·2H2O (L = 2-(heptylthio)-4,6-bis(2-((E)-pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazineyl)pyrimidine). Suitable crystals for X-ray diffraction showed the supramolecular interactions of this complex to exhibit a helical structure coordinating two Ni2+ metal ions bounded by two 2-(heptylthio)-4,6-bis(2-((E)-pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazineyl)pyrimidine ligands. In addition, exploitation of the electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry, for this helicate, showed catalyzing ability for the reduction of H+ to H2.Item Natural sucrose esters: Perspectives on the chemical and physiological use of an under investigated chemical class of compounds(Elsevier Ltd, 2020-06-20) Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés; Orduña Ortega, Julieth; Metzker, Gustavo; Larrahondo, Jesús Eliecer; Boscolo, MaurícioThe present review describes the chemistry and physiological properties of the sucrose esters (SEs) obtained from natural or synthetic pathways, with emphasis on those that have aliphatic and phenylpropanoid substituents on their sucrose moiety. Synthesis, extraction and characterization methods for the SEs and NSEs are discussed in terms of synthetic procedures, separation techniques and spectroscopic methods. The physiological properties are discussed taking into account the nature of the substituent groups and their regiochemistry (position and number of substitutions) on the sucrose moiety.Item Automatic detection of Voice Onset Time in voiceless plosives using gated recurrent units(Elsevier Inc., 2020-05-27) Arias Vergara, Tomás; Argüello Vélez, Patricia; Vásquez Correa, Juan Camilo; Nöth, Elmar; Schuster, Maria Elke; González Rátiva, María Claudia; Orozco Arroyave, Juan RafaelVoice Onset Time (VOT) has been used by researchers as an acoustic measure in order to gain some understanding about the impact of different motor speech disorders in speech production. However, VOT values are usually obtained manually, which is expensive and time consuming. In this paper we proposed a method for the automatic detection of VOT based on pre-trained Recurrent Neural Networks with Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). Speech recordings from 50 Spanish native speakers from Colombia (25 male) are considered for the experiments. The recordings include the utterance of the diadochokinesis task /pa-ta-ka/ which is typically used for the evaluation of motor speech disorders like those caused due to Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the diadochokinesis task allows us to train a system to detect the VOT of voiceless plosive sounds in intermediate positions. Acoustic analysis is performed by extracting different temporal and spectral features from the recordings. According to the results, it is possible to detect the VOT with F1-score values of 0.66 for Image 1, 0.75 for Image 2, and 0.78 for Image 3 when the predicted values are compared with respect to the manual VOT labels.Item Chain-like uranyl-coordination polymer as a bright green light emitter for sensing and sunlight driven photocatalysis(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020-07-02) Gomez, Germán E.; Onna, Diego; D'Vries, Richard Fernando; Barja, Beatriz C.; Alcides Ellena, Javier; Narda, Griselda Edith; Soler-Illia, G. J.A.A.A new uranyl-coordination polymer (UCP) has been solvothermally synthesized employing succinic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as ligands. The obtained compound with the formula [(UO2)2(phen)(succ)0.5(OH)(O)4(μ3-O)(H2O)]·H2O (UNSL-1) is classified as 1D chains showing I0O1 connectivity. Also, the asymmetric unit is composed of two hepta-coordinated uranyl centers: U1 is surrounded by five oxygen atoms from succinate, while U2 is surrounded by two nitrogen atoms from phen and three oxygen atoms from succinate ([U1O7] and [U2N2O5]). The secondary-building unit (SBU) is composed of a sharing edge tetrameric cluster linked with a succinate ligand in the [−1 0 1] direction. Besides, the chains are reinforced by π–π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of the phen molecules to conform a 2D supramolecular arrangement. Moreover, photoluminescence experiments show strong green emission consistent with uranyl crystalline materials. Photophysical characterization was completed via low-temperature measurements (77 K) and recording the decay emission for calculating the lifetime (τobs) value. Regarding its multifunctional properties, a cation-sensing performance was achieved showing selective quenching toward iron ions in aqueous media. Finally, UNSL-1 was tested as an efficient water photocatalyst for dye degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation, exhibiting promising results for organic-pollutant water remediation.Item Multiple Reversible Dynamics of Pyrimidine Based Acylhydrazones(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020-05-08) Arango, Alejandra M.; Wist, Julien; Ellena, Javier Alcides; D'Vries, Richard Fernando; Chaur, Manuel N.We employed (Z)‐N'‐[phenyl(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)methylene]nicotinohydrazide (2) and (Z)‐4‐(dimethylamino)‐N'‐[phenyl(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)methylene]benzohydrazide (3) as cores of dynamic chemical systems whose different states are modulated, in a reversible fashion, through specific physical and chemical stimuli. The structure of the compounds was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques (1D and 2D) and confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. By Variable temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments and DFT calculations, the conformational isomerism of 2 was studied and added as an additional input for the dynamic system. Additionally, 2 exhibits configurational E/Z isomerization mediated by pH variations and UV light. On the other hand, configurational isomerism locks an unlocks a tridentate pocket for metal cation coordination in both 2 and 3. All the different dynamic states configurational/conformational isomerism and locked and unlocked coordination constitute a development in the field of systems of multiple dynamics suitable for molecular machines.Item Psychometric properties of validity and reliability of an instrument for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities(Ediciones Doyma, S.L., 2020-04-28) Peña Hernández, Paula Andrea; Arenas Quintana, Bellazmin; Gómez Ramírez, Esperanza; Calvo Soto, Andrea PatriciaIntroducción: El ciclo de rehabilitación se caracteriza por contribuir efectivamente en la calidad de vida y estimular la integración de las personas con discapacidad a sus diferentes roles. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue demostrar las propiedades psicométricas de validez y fiabilidad del instrumento para medir el alcance de las acciones de los fisioterapeutas en el ciclo de rehabilitación de personas con discapacidad. Método: Este instrumento (42 ítems) se aplicó a una muestra de 118 fisioterapeutas colombianos de diferentes regiones del país. La validez del contenido fue realizada por 5 expertos mediante una matriz de validación y por una prueba piloto con 10 fisioterapeutas con características semejantes a las de la muestra. La validez de confiabilidad se estableció por homogeneidad con alfa de Cronbach y la de constructo mediante análisis factorial de extracción. Resultados: La prueba KMO para validez de constructo resultó en 0,763, y la prueba de Bartlett con un p-valor prácticamente igual a cero. Los ítems 9, 36, 37 y 42 explican más del 80% de la varianza y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach global resultó en 0,946. Conclusiones: Se han obtenido resultados que sugieren la pertinencia del uso de este cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos para la investigación sobre las acciones en el ciclo de rehabilitación de personas con discapacidad en fisioterapeutas colombianos.Item Pulmonary rehabilitation in the in-hospital and outpatient phases(Ediciones Doyma, S.L., 2020-04-27) Carvajal Tello, Nathali; Segura Ordóñez, Alejandro; Arias Balanta, Álvaro JavierPulmonary rehabilitation programmes aim to improve aerobic capacity and enhance quality of life in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, facilitating their participation and integration in different areas and activities of daily living, through the prescription and performance of physical exercise, as well as education on risk factors and healthy living. In multidisciplinary processes, various health professionals work together to support patients through the rehabilitation process, guiding lifestyle changes to improve their level of physical activity, nutritional factors, smoking cessation, diabetes management, medication adherence and weight loss, based on theories of behavioural change. The main objective of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes is to empower users in self-care and facilitate long-term management of chronic lung disease.Item Upgrading 1-butanol to unsaturated, carbonyl and aromatic compounds: A new synthesis approach to produce important organic building blocks(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020-04-21) Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés; Tofaneli Morelato, Luiz Henrique; Orduña Ortega, Julieth; Boscolo, Maurício; Metzker, GustavoUnsaturated, carbonyl and aromatic products were obtained by reacting 1-butanol or a 1-butanol : methanol mixture with a copper mixed metal oxide catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The selectivities observed, mostly for the unsaturated and carbonyl products, can represent a new alternative and greener pathway for the production of fine-chemicals and organic building blocks.Item Real-time temperature estimation with enhanced spatial resolution during MR-guided hyperthermia therapy(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020-04-17) Pacheco, César C.; Barreto Orlande, Hélcio Rangel; Colaço, Marcelo José; Dulikravich, George S.; Bermeo Varón, Leonardo A.; Lamien, BernardIn this article, the temperature of biological tissues is estimated during hyperthermia therapy, while accounting for uncertainties in the bioheat transfer problem and in the available measurements. A state estimation problem is solved with the Steady-State Kalman Filter. The Pennes bioheat transfer model and the PRF-Shift Magnetic Resonance Thermometry are used as evolution and observation models, respectively. Instead of using the direct inversion of the measured data as with the PRF-Shift Magnetic Resonance Thermometry, the state-estimation framework allows for enhancing the spatial resolution of the estimated temperature variation and reducing the related uncertainties. Since the time consuming steps of the Steady-State Kalman Filter can be performed offline, the recursive solution of the state estimation problem is performed with computational times smaller than the simulated physical times. Synthetic measurements are used for the state estimation problem in a region of the human forearm, for radiofrequency and laser-diode heat sources of the hyperthermia therapy.Item Assessment of pharmacological treatment adherence in diabetic patients from Jamundí (Valle), Colombia(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2020-04) Londoño, Kelly Jhoana; Caicedo Galindez, Jeferson; Naranjo Lerma, Everaldo; Rivera, Paola AndreaIntroducción: La diabetes se considera un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y su tratamiento requiere un abordaje farmacológico y de estilo de vida. La adherencia del paciente al tratamiento resulta ser un factor determinante para garantizar el éxito de la terapia e incluye aspectos relacionados con la ingesta de los medicamentos, asistencia a citas médicas, dieta y ejercicio físico. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento de la adherencia al tratamiento de pacientes del programa de diabetes de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud del municipio de Jamundí (Valle), Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, en el que se aplicó una encuesta de 25 preguntas relacionadas con características sociodemográficas, adherencia al tratamiento y la aplicación del test de Morisky-Green. Se evaluó la adherencia de 57 pacientes diabéticos pertenecientes al programa de promoción y prevención de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud del municipio de Jamundí (Valle). Resultados: Se encontró una baja adherencia (38,6 %) de los pacientes al tratamiento farmacológico. Adicionalmente, se observó que el 61,4 % de los pacientes lleva una dieta saludable y que solo el 28,1 % realizaba actividad física de manera frecuente. Se evidenció que el 10,5 % de los pacientes reside en zonas rurales y que la mayoría de los no adherentes resultaron tener muy bajos ingresos económicos, lo cual podría representar una dificultad para el desplazamiento y acceso a los servicios de salud. El estudio permitió evidenciar un gran desconocimiento de la enfermedad por parte de los pacientes, aspecto que podría resultar crucial para la adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusión: La baja adherencia de los pacientes diabéticos al tratamiento puede ocasionar fallo terapéutico y sus principales causas están relacionadas con factores económicos, dificultad para acceder a los servicios de salud, estilo de vida poco saludable y desconocimiento de la enfermedad que padecen.Item Cultural consensus and experiences of advisory for the training practice of physiotherapy students from Cali(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2020-04) Gómez Ramírez, Esperanza; Ordóñez Hernández, Cecilia Andrea; Calvo Soto, Andrea Patricia; Peña Hernández, Paula AndreaIntroducción: La práctica formativa se reconoce como el espacio donde los estudiantes articulan conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas con el conocimiento adquirido en los niveles básicos. En este proceso, la asesoría docente desempeña un papel muy importante. Objetivo: Identificar el consenso cultural y las experiencias de los estudiantes universitarios en torno a la asesoría de práctica formativa en fisioterapia. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo en el cual participaron 70 estudiantes. A 34 de ellos, de primer semestre de práctica, se les aplicó un listado libre de palabras para determinar el consenso cultural y a los 36 restantes, matriculados entre el octavo y el décimo semestres, se les convocó a la conformación de los grupos de discusión para conocer las experiencias de asesoría en práctica formativa. Los datos se analizaron a través del modelo de dominios culturales y el análisis de contenido. Resultados: El consenso cultural sobre práctica formativa en fisioterapia se fundamentó en las habilidades del asesor como el liderazgo, la ayuda, la empatía y el apoyo, las cuales valoraron muy positivamente. Mientras que las experiencias de asesoría en práctica formativa se relacionaron con el acompañamiento, la retroalimentación y el compañerismo de los asesores, valorados deficientemente. Conclusiones: El liderazgo, la empatía y el apoyo se reconocen como las principales competencias que debe tener un asesor de práctica formativa. El acompañamiento y la retroalimentación en la práctica deben permitir el desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades propias de la profesión, en un ejercicio de construcción colectiva entre el asesor y el estudiante.Item A low-complexity PPG pulse detection method for accurate estimation of the pulse rate variability (PRV) during sudden decreases in the signal amplitude(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020-03-26) Argüello Prada, Erick Javier; Paredes Higinio, AlejandroBackground: One of the biggest obstacles to reliable pulse rate variability (PRV) analysis is the erroneous detection of photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulses. Among all the disturbances that may hinder pulse detection, the ripples appearing at the smooth segments of the PPG signal can become a serious problem when the amplitude of the signal decreases considerably. Objective: To present a low-complexity PPG pulse detection method for reliable PRV estimation under conditions in which a sudden decrease in the amplitude of the PPG signal can be expected. Approach: 2-min ECG and PPG data (sampling rate at 500 Hz) were obtained from thirty healthy subjects, who were asked to take a deep inspiration to provoke a sudden amplitude decrease (SAD) of the PPG signal. After introducing a new parameter denoted as C, through which it is possible to jump over the ripples hindering the accurate detection of the systolic peaks, 500 Hz-sampled PPG recordings were down-sampled (400, 300, 200 and 100 Hz) to investigate the effect of the sampling rate on pulse detection. For ECG recordings, automatic R-peak detection was performed by the Pan and Tompkins (PT) algorithm, whereas PPG pulse detection was performed by the well-known maximum of the first derivative (M1D) and the proposed method, once the C-value for best detection results on 500 Hz-sampled PPG recordings was found. The agreement between heart rate variability (HRV) and PRVs estimated from each pulse detection method was assessed and the correlation between HRV and PRV-derived indexes was computed for comparison. Main results: The proposed method can perform well on PPG-SAD segments, provided that the proper value of the parameter C is used. Moreover, a good agreement between HRV and PRV series, as well as lower relative errors and higher correlation coefficients between HRV and PRV indexes, were achieved by the proposed pulse detection method during SADs. Significance: Results show that the proposed method can dynamically adapt to circumstances in which a decrease in the amplitude of the PPG signal can be expected, providing continuous systolic peak detection and reliable PRV estimation under those conditions. However, more extensive testing under a wide range of conditions is needed to perform a more rigorous validation.