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Item Blinder Oaxaca and Wilk Neutrosophic Fuzzy Set-Based IoT Sensor Communication for Remote Healthcare Analysis(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Ibrahim Khalaf, Osamah; Natarajan, Rajesh; Mahadev, Natesh; Ranjith Christodoss, Prasanna; Nainan, Thangarasu; Andres Tavera Romero, Carlos; Muttashar Abdulsahib, GhaidaSeveral statistical methods have been playing a key role in data analytics, disease forecasting, and performing remote healthcare systems as far as medical sciences are concerned. In these fields, the research person and also practitioner’s main role depends on the efficient screening of remote healthcare data for significant forecasting. Specifically, remote healthcare data measurements involved in screening and forecasting are not precise and are found to be fuzzy or in interval forms. As a result, neutrosophic logic was instigated as one of the universal formations of fuzzy logic for estimating truthiness, falseness, and indeterminacy for remote healthcare data analysis. Neutrosophic Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (Neutrosophic MCDM) was proposed by Hezam et al. [1] to develop an exploratory perception for classifying and ranking the most exemplary groups for instigating priority in gaining vaccines even at the initial stage. Initially, data analysis was performed using Analytic Hierarchy Processing under uncertainty to estimate and rank main and sub-criteria, owing to the reason that the inputs were obtained in the form of neutrophilic numbers. Second, neutrosophic TOPSIS was also applied for ranking vaccine alternatives. Finally, using Analytic Hierarchy Processing ranking efficiency and classification accuracy were found to be improved via measuring the weights of the sub-criteria. Despite improvement observed in terms of classification accuracy, the energy consumed in the process of decision-making was not focused. To address this aspect, a Blinder Oaxaca Linear Regression-based Preprocessing model is designed. The advantage of using this Linear Regression-based Preprocessing with Blinder Oaxaca function dynamically adjusts the sensing frequency of each corresponding device to fit with dynamic changes along with the monitored vital sign. This in turn reduces energy consumption.Item Impact of nutritional screening on mortality and intensive care unit length of stay(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-02-10) Díaz Chavarro, Blanca Cecilia; Romero Saldaña, Manuel; Assis Reveiz, Jorge Karim; Molina Recio, GuillermoBackground: Nutritional assessment is a fundamental part of the treatment of patients hospitalized in the ICU, allowing the implementation of interventions appropriate to the identified requirements. Since the risk of malnutrition is a modifiable factor, its correct management can positively influence hospital evolution. This study aims to test the impact of the incorporation of nutritional screening and assessment on mortality and length of stay in patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit in Cali, Colombia, during the years 2019 and 2021–2022. Methods: This is a historical cohort epidemiological study where one cohort consisted of 114 patients who received a standard nutritional screening (interpretation of body mass index and its clinical impression). The other cohort of 630 patients was those exposed to screening with the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) scale. Hematological, clinical, and nutritional variables were considered and their relationship with adverse events, length of hospital stay, and discharge status. Results: There were significant differences between the two cohorts (p < 0.001), with increased mortality and length of hospital stay in patients who received standard nutritional screening without MUST. Furthermore, there was a greater presence of enteral support, diarrhea, anemia, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia in this cohort. Conclusion: Implementing the MUST screening method and specific nutritional interventions resulted in a significant improvement in patient mortality figures. In addition, the predictive mortality model revealed that emesis and leukopenia increased the probability of death.Item Efficacy and Acceptability of a Mobile App for Monitoring the Clinical Status of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Receiving Home Oxygen Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial(JMIR Publications Inc., 2025-06-01) Naranjo Rojas, Anisbed; Perula De Torres, Luis Ángel; Cruz Mosquera, Freiser Eccehomo; Molina Recio, GuillermoBackground: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily originates from exposure to tobacco smoke, although factors, such as air pollution and exposure to chemicals, also play a role. One of the primary treatments for COPD is oxygen therapy, which helps manage dyspnea and improve survival rates. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have demonstrated significant potential in monitoring patients with chronic diseases, offering new avenues for enhancing patient care and disease management. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of a mobile app designed for the clinical monitoring of patients with COPD and home oxygen (HO) therapy, compared with conventional monitoring in real-world community settings. Methods: A parallel-group, nonblinded, multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted with 45 participants; the intervention group (IG), which used the mobile app in addition to conventional monitoring (n=23) and the control group, which received only conventional monitoring (n=22), administered by therapists over a duration of 3 months. The primary outcomes included the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) score, the level of dyspnea measured by the Borg scale, and oxygen saturation percentage, assessed at both the beginning and end of the trial. Secondary outcomes included the frequency of app use, the number of hospitalizations, and survival rates. In addition, a satisfaction survey and an interview were conducted with the IG. Results: The median use of the mobile app was 21 (IQR 16-28) days. At the end of the follow-up, the Borg dyspnea scale was significantly lower in patients who used the mobile app for HO therapy monitoring (mean 0.6, SD 0.8 vs mean 4.1, SD 1.4; P=.001). Regarding the impact of COPD on quality of life, as measured by the CAT, no differences were found in the scores between baseline and end-of-follow-up within the control group. However, a significant decrease was observed in the IG (baseline median CAT 27, IQR 23-31 vs final median CAT 22, IQR 14-28; P<.001). In addition, the CAT score was significantly higher in patients receiving conventional monitoring compared with those monitored with the mobile app (median 30, IQR 23-32 vs median 22, IQR 14-28; P=.02). Conclusions: The use of the mobile app, AppO2 (SINCO), designed for the clinical monitoring of patients with COPD and HO therapy, is associated with improved quality of life. In addition, the app is highly accepted by users, promotes self-care, and fosters patient confidence in managing their own condition.Item Activación del músculo erector de la columna con electromiografía de superficie durante la transición sedentebipedo-sedente en silla en personas adultas sanas(Universidad Nacional, 2025-03-14)Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize regional contraction of the erector spinae muscle (ESM) (lumbar, thoracic, and cervical) during the sit-to-stand-to-sit (STSTS) transition using surface electromyography. Methodology: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted with forty healthy young adult volunteers (20 men and 20 women) aged between 18 and 24 years. Measurements included height, weight, BMI, contraction time (seconds), and simultaneous electromyography variables: peak, mean, minimum contraction (µV), and maximum voluntary contraction during the gesture (%MVCg) in the three regions of the ESM (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) during the STSTS transition. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the electromyography signals was performed. Results: Participants' age averaged 21.05±3.44 years, with 20 (50%) being female. BMI averaged 22.54±1.9. This study identified a similar ESM contraction pattern during the sit-to-stand transition in 57.5% (n=23) and during the stand-to-sit transition in 60% (n=24). Another finding was the heterogeneity of ESM activation patterns in 42.5% (n=17) during the sit-to-stand transition and 40% (n=16) in the stand-to-sit transition. Quantitative analysis revealed specific contractile differences for each region of the ESM in both amplitude and contraction times during STSTS transitions. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the analysis of functional movement, segmental contraction of the ESM, and understanding of STSTS transitions in healthy individuals.Item High Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Ready-to-Eat Artisanal Pork Sausages Sold at Food Outlets in Quindío, Colombia(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-01-04) Jaramillo Bedoya, Elizabeth; Flórez Elvira, Liliana Janeth; Ocampo Ibáñez, Iván DaríoNon-typhoidal salmonellosis is a foodborne disease caused by Salmonella spp. Most outbreaks of this disease are commonly associated with consuming contaminated meat products, hence the importance of monitoring ready-to-eat artisanal pork sausages for the presence of these bacteria. A total of 494 samples of grilled and smoked barbecue artisanal pork sausages were collected at food outlets from 12 municipalities of the Department of Quindío, Colombia, between 2017 and 2022. Salmonella spp. was identified using VIDAS® Easy SLM and confirmed through API® 20 E. Salmonella spp. was detected in 260 samples (52.6%), and the highest rates of contamination were found in Armenia (65.7%), Salento (65.2%), Circasia (57.7%), and Calarcá (56.4%). The highest proportion of these samples positive for Salmonella spp. was ready-to-eat smoked barbecue artisanal sausages (68.8%) sold by street vendors (58.4%) from 12 municipalities of the Department of Quindío. A significant association was observed between the municipality and contamination of samples with Salmonella spp. However, no link was found between the sampling year and the presence of the bacteria. This is the first study aimed at monitoring the presence of Salmonella spp. in artisanal pork sausages sold in the municipalities of the Department of Quindío over a 6-year period, and findings revealed very high percentages of contamination. Although Colombian legislation establishes sanitary and safety requirements for meat production, the presence of Salmonella spp. in artisanal sausages remains a persistent public health threat in developing countries.Item Metabolic acidosis due to d-lactate in a patient with intestinal resection: Diagnostic challenges and nutritional strategies(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-01) Patiño, Leonardo Arzayus; Fuentes, Claudia Martínez; Ochoa, Olid Ivan; Estela Zape, Jose LuisIntroduction Metabolic acidosis, marked by decreased plasma bicarbonate and arterial pH, is a common complication following extensive abdominal surgeries. D-lactate acidosis presents additional diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific symptoms. Presentation of case A 65-year-old woman with hypertension and morbid obesity was admitted to the ICU for intestinal obstruction and peritonitis due to an incarcerated hernia. Extensive bowel resection required ileostomy and prolonged antibiotic therapy. She developed refractory metabolic acidosis, suspected to be D-lactate acidosis. Management included sodium bicarbonate for acid-base correction and carbohydrate restriction via enteral nutrition. Gradual carbohydrate reintroduction resolved the acidosis. After clinical stabilization, elevated D-lactate levels were confirmed, and she transitioned to an oral diet with protein supplementation. Discussion Treatment focused on carbohydrate restriction to limit D-lactate production by reducing intestinal fermentation. Fructose was initially considered for its unique absorption properties that prevent fermentation, but limited formula availability led to complete carbohydrate elimination. Complex carbohydrates were gradually reintroduced to meet metabolic requirements without worsening acidosis. Intravenous bicarbonate, probiotics, and antibiotics were employed to manage severe acidosis.Item Theoretical proposal to establish the degree of maturity of learning in organizations(Universidad de Santander, 2025-01-01) Monsalve Pantoja, Carlos Alfonso; Londoño Cardozo, JoséThis article addresses organizational learning (OL) as a continuous and systemic process that is essential for the adaptation and success of businesses in competitive and changing environments. Its main objective is to identify and thoroughly review existing models for assessing the development of OL within organizations, proposing an integrative methodology that considers the multiple variables involved in this process. Through a systematic review of the academic literature, the current state of knowledge on OL management models and their relationship with business maturity levels is analyzed. The findings indicate a lack of integrative models that address these variables holistically, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and adaptable approach. The importance of knowledge management, organizational culture, and human capital as essential pillars for the development of OL is underscored. Moreover, the relevance of a strategic approach that promotes continuous learning and innovation, as well as the creationof a favorable organizational environment that facilitates strategic alignment and the efficient use of resources, is emphasized. The article concludes by proposing a theoretical model that identifies the key variables to characterize OL according to business management maturity, based on the integration of the reviewed theoretical approaches. This model aims to facilitate the implementation of effective practices for the development of OL, improving the performance and adaptability of organizations in dynamic environments. Future research is suggested to delve deeper into the identified variables and evaluate their practical application in different contexts of organizational maturity.Item Usefulness of virtuality in physiotherapy professional practices in the context of the COVID - 19 pandemic(2021) Tello, Nathali Carvajal; Ordoñez, Alejandro Segura; Mora, Leidy Tatiana Ordoñez; Arana, Jorge Enrique DazaIntroduction: Vocational training in health faces great challenges since social distancing became one of the strategies controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Physiotherapy education has a practical component that requires contact with patients and through which students acquire professional skills. This face-to-face learning modality has had to be replaced by new pedagogical strategies, such as attention mediated by information and communication technology (ICT), case-based teaching, clinical simulation and tele-rehabilitation, trying to maintain patient-student interaction and compliance with professional training. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study, in 143 practice students of a physiotherapy program in the city of Cali - Colombia, which evaluates their perception after a professional training practice mediated by ICTs. Results: 82.5% of the students answered that, if it was possible to perform tele-rehabilitation during the virtual practices, considering it as useful in 36.4%. The most used virtual platforms were Google Meet and Zoom with 81.1%. More than half of the students (58%) agreed that synchronous and asynchronous virtual activities led to significant learning. Conclusion: Vocational training mediated by ICTs emerged in the face of the pandemic and reinforced this strategy as a learning tool for meeting professional training objectives and competencies, the quality is perceived as a viable strategy that implies a paradigm shift in traditional education within the training process.Item Use of cds from teaching-laboratory wastes as a photocatalyst for the degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water(2021) Serna Galvis, Efraím A.; Ávila Torres, Yenny; Ibáñez, María; Hernández, Félix; Torres Palma, Ricardo A.Laboratory wastes containing Cd2+ and water polluted by pharmaceuticals represent an environmental concern. In this work, a proof concept, consisting of the use of teaching-laboratory wastes to synthesize CdS and its subsequent use as a photocatalyst to degrade fluoroquinolone antibiotics, was developed. The CdS was prepared by extraction with thioacetamide and calcination (at 450◦C) and characterized using several techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the CdS, to degrade levofloxacin and norfloxacin, was tested, and the routes involved in the process and the primary transformations of the fluoroquinolones were established. Moreover, the ability of CdS-photocatalysis to eliminate levofloxacin in simulated matrices of fresh urine and hospital wastewater was evaluated. The characterization analyses indicated that the CdS semiconductor was synthesized successfully. Effectively, the CdS acted as a photocatalyst toward degradation of levofloxacin, involving the action of superoxide anion radical, holes, and singlet oxygen mainly. The process induced transformations on the methyl-piperazyl moiety, plus hydroxylation of the fluoroquinolone nucleus on levofloxacin. Additionally, CdS-photocatalysis was highly selective for the elimination of the target pollutant in both tested matrices. Our research indicated the good potentiality of recycling teaching-laboratory wastes to generate photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants. This work was presented at 4◦ Congreso Colombiano de Procesos Avanzados de Oxidación (4CCPAOx).Item Treatment of two sartan antihypertensives in water by photo-electro-Fenton using BDD anodes: Degradation kinetics, theoretical analyses, primary transformations and matrix effects(2021) Martínez Pachón, Diana; Serna Galvis, Efraím A.; Ibañez, María; Hernández, Félix; Ávila Torres, Yenny; Torres Palma, Ricardo A.; Moncayo Lasso, AlejandroDegradation of two representative antihypertensives, losartan (LOS) and valsartan (VAL) in water by photo-electro-Fenton (PEF), using a BDD anode in presence of sulfate anion was evaluated. PEF showed a fast elimination of these pollutants (>95% at 30 and 60 min of treatment for LOS and VAL, respectively). The main elimination route was the attacks of radicals produced in the system, having pseudo-first-order rate constants of 0.154 and 0.054 min−1 for LOS and VAL, correspondingly. Theoretical analyses of atomic charges were performed to rationalize the antihypertensives reactivity toward the electrogenerated degrading agents. Afterwards, the primary transformation products were assessed. The transformation products revealed that the degrading species attack the biphenyl-tetrazole, imidazole, and alcohol moieties on LOS. Meanwhile, carboxylic and amide groups, plus the central nucleus, were modified on VAL. These moieties corresponded well with the electron-rich sites indicated by the theoretical calculations. Also, the PEF process removed between 33 and 38% of total organic carbon after 5 h of electrolysis. Finally, it was considered LOS treatment in presence of oxalic acid (a typical organic waste of pharmaceutical industry), in addition to the pollutant degradation in effluents from municipal sewage treatment plants by PEF at pH ∼5. Oxalic acid accelerated LOS degradation. Meanwhile, in the effluent, the process led to 64% of LOS removal after 120 min of treatment, indicating the high potentiality of PEF to degrade antihypertensives in water containing organic and inorganic substancesItem Theoretical analysis on absorption of carbon dioxide (Co2) into solutions of phenyl glycidyl ether (pge) using nonlinear autoregressive exogenous neural networks(2021) Khan, Naveed Ahmad; Sulaiman, Muhammad; Romero, Carlos Andrés Tavera; Alarfaj, Fawaz KhaledIn this paper, we analyzed the mass transfer model with chemical reactions during the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) solution. The mathematical model of the phenomenon is governed by a coupled nonlinear differential equation that corresponds to the reaction kinetics and diffusion. The system of differential equations is subjected to Dirichlet boundary conditions and a mixed set of Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Further, to calculate the concentration of CO2, PGE, and the flux in terms of reaction rate constants, we adopt the supervised learning strategy of a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) neural network model with two activation functions (Log-sigmoid and Hyperbolic tangent). The reference data set for the possible outcomes of different scenarios based on variations in normalized parameters (α1, α2, β1, β2, k) are obtained using the MATLAB solver “pdex4”. The dataset is further interpreted by the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) backpropagation algorithm for validation, testing, and training. The results obtained by the NARX-LM algorithm are compared with the Adomian decomposition method and residual method. The rapid convergence of solutions, smooth implementation, computational 041 complexity, absolute errors, and statistics of the mean square error further validate the design scheme’s worth and efficiencyItem The reserved portion and the disinheritance cause for family abandonment. towards greater freedom to make wills?(2021) Rincón Andreu, GerardIn inheritance law, the testator does not enjoy absolute freedom to dispose of his assets, configuring a system of mandatory law presided by the reserved portion. Both in Catalan, Spanish and Colombian positive law, there is a deep-rooted socio-legal tradition that supports the reserved portion based on the principle of interfamily solidarity, which complicates the application of radical theories such as the suppression of said public order institution or its configuration under strict need parameters of the heir-at-law. However, the legal provisions of new causes of indignity and disinheritance such as family abandonment, as well as the reduction of the reserved portion in Colombia glimpse a greater freedom to make wills as a logical trend in today’s society.Item Validation by molecular dynamics of the major components of sugarcane vinasse, on a surface of calcium carbonate (Calcite)(2021) Álvarez, Oscar Eduardo Rojas; Nicolás Vázquez, María Inés; Oñate Garzón, Jose; Arango, Carlos A.There is ongoing interest in the alcohol industry to significantly reduce and/or add value to the liquid residue, vinasse, produced after the distillation and rectification of ethanol from sugar cane. Vinasse contains potassium, glycerol, and a protein component that can cause environmental issues if improperly disposed of. Currently, some industries have optimized their processes to reduce waste, and a significant proportion of vinasse is being considered for use as an additive in other industrial processes. In the manufacture of cement and asphalt, vinasse has been used in the mixtures at low concentrations, albeit with some physical and mechanical problems. This work is the first molecular approximation of the components of the sugar cane vinasse in an industrial context, and it provides atomic details of complex molecular events. In the current study, the major components of sugar cane vinasse, alone or complexed on the surface of calcium carbonate, were modeled and simulated using molecular dynamics. The results showed that the protein component, represented by the mannoprotein Mp1p, has a high affinity for forming hydrogen bonds with potassium and glycerol in the vinasse. Additionally, it provides atomic stability to the calcium carbonate surface, preserving the calcite crystalline structure in the same way potassium ions interact with the carbonate group through ion–dipole interactions to improve the cohesion of the modeled surface. On the contrary, when the glycerol molecule interacts with calcium carbonate using more than two hydrogen bonds, it triggers the breakdown of the crystalline structure of calcite expanding the ionic pair.Item VLSI Implementation of a High-Performance Nonlinear Image Scaling Algorithm(2021) Khalaf, Osamah Ibrahim; Romero, Carlos Andrés Tavera; Azhagu Jaisudhan Pazhani A.; Vinuja G.This study implements the VLSI architecture for nonlinear-based picture scaling that is minimal in complexity and memory efficient. Image scaling is used to increase or decrease the size of an image in order to map the resolution of different devices, particularly cameras and printers. Larger memory and greater power are also necessary to produce high-resolution photographs. As a result, the goal of this project is to create a memory-efficient low-power image scaling methodology based on the effective weighted median interpolation methodology. Prefiltering is employed in linear interpolation scaling methods to improve the visual quality of the scaled image in noisy environments. By decreasing the blurring effect, the prefilter performs smoothing and sharpening processes to produce high-quality scaled images. Despite the fact that prefiltering requires more processing resources, the suggested solution scales via effective weighted median interpolation, which reduces noise intrinsically. As a result, a low-cost VLSI architecture can be created. The results of simulations reveal that the effective weighted median interpolation outperforms other existing approaches.Item The phenotypic consequences of genetic divergence between admixed latin american populations: Antioquia and Chocó, Colombia(2021) Chande, Aroon T.; Rishishwar, Lavanya; Ban, Dongjo; Nagar, Shashwat D.; Conley, Andrew B.; Rowell, Jessica; Valderrama Aguirre, Augusto E.; Medina Rivas, Miguel A.; Jordan, I. KingGenome-wide association studies have uncovered thousands of genetic variants that are associated with a wide variety of human traits. b Knowledge of howtrait-associated variants are distributed within and between populations can provide insight into the genetic basis of a group-specific phenotypic differences, particularly for health-related traits. We analyzed the genetic divergence levels for 1) individual i trait-associated variants and 2) collections of variants that function together to encode polygenic traits, between two neighboring 1 populations in Colombia that have distinct demographic profiles: Antioquia (Mestizo)and Choco (Afro-Colombian). Genetic ancestry 9 analysis showed 62% European, 32% Native American, and 6% African ancestry for Antioquia compared with 76% African, 10% 5 European, and 14% Native American ancestry for Choco, consistent with demography and previous results. Ancestry differences can g confound cross-population comparison of polygenic risk scores (PRS); however, we did not find any systematic bias in PRS distributions 7 for the two populations studied here, and population-specific differences in PRS were, for the most part, small and symmetrically 1 distributed around zero. Both genetic differentiation at individual trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and population- b specific PRS differences between Antioquia and Choco largely reflected anthropometric phenotypic differences that can be readily g observed between the populations along with reported disease prevalence differences. Cases where population-specific differences in $ genetic risk did not align with observed trait (disease) prevalence point to the importance of environmental contributions to phenotypic g variance, for both infectious and complex, common disease. The results reported here are distributed via a web-based platform for 3 searching trait-associated variants and PRS divergence levels at http://map.chocogen.com (last accessed August 12, 2020)Item Wearable wireless body area networks for medical applications(2021) Tavera Romero, Carlos Andrés; Ortiz, Jesús H.; Khalaf, Osamah I.; Saavedra, Diego F.; Aldhyani, Theyazn H.H.In recent times, there has been a significant growth in networks known as the wireless body area networks (WBANs). A WBAN connects distributed nodes throughout the human body, which can be placed on the skin, under the skin, or on clothing and can use the human body's electromagnetic waves. An approach to reduce the size of different telecommunication equipment is constantly being sought; this allows these devices to be closer to the body or even glued and embedded within the skin without making the user feel uncomfortable or posing as a danger for the user. These networks promise new medical applications; however, these are always based on the freedom of movement and the comfort they offer. Among the advantages of these networks is that they can significantly increase user's quality of life. For example, a person can carry a WBAN with built-in sensors that calculate the user's heart rate at any given time and send these data over the internet to user's doctor. This study provides a systematic review of WBAN, describing the applications and trends that have been developed with this type of network and, in addition, the protocols and standards that must be consideredItem Web application commercial design for financial entities based on business intelligence(2021) Romero, Carlos Andrés Tavera; Ortiz, Jesus Hamilton; Khalaf, Osamah Ibrahim; Prado, Andrea RíosMultiple customer data management has become a focus of attention in big organizations. Although much information is available, it does not translate into significant profitable value-added services. We present a design of a commercial web application based on business intelligence that generates information on social and financial behavior of clients in an organization; with the purpose of obtain additional information that allows to get more profits. This app will provide a broader perspective for making strategic decisions to increase profits and reduce internal investment costs. A case in point is the financial sector, a group of financial entities were used to make measurements and test them. A design to build a web application aimed at achieving a large and ambitious goal by means of defined tools reflecting clients' business needs is proposed. In this research, different techniques and technologies are explored, such as diagrams, frameworks, design, architecture, model entity-relationship, tables, equations, mental maps and development tools. Through the Personal Software Process methodology and with the help of information extraction, consolidation, and visualization, the implementation can be carried out. This article provides the importance of implementing business intelligence in an organization and expands on the steps needed for the implementation of this valuable technology.Item The L ∞ structure of gauge theories with matter(2021) Gomez, Humberto; Jusinskas, Renann Lipinski; Lopez Arcos, Cristhiam; Quintero Vélez, AlexanderIn this work we present an algebraic approach to the dynamics and perturbation theory at tree-level for gauge theories coupled to matter. The field theories we will consider are: Chern-Simons-Matter, Quantum Chromodynamics, and scalar Quantum Chromodynamics. Starting with the construction of the master action in the classical Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, we will extract the L∞-algebra that allow us to recursively calculate the perturbiner expansion from its minimal model. The Maurer-Cartan action obtained in this procedure will then motivate a generating function for all the tree-level scattering amplitudes. There are two interesting outcomes of this construction: a generator for fully-flavoured amplitudes via a localisation on Dyck words; and closed expressions for fermion and scalar lines attached to n-gluons with arbitrary polarisations.Item [en] inclusive educommunication and disability in andean region: Qualitative review of advances and achievements(2021) Muñoz Borja, Patricia; Sarria, Jorge Mauricio Escobar; García Ruiz, Rosa; Aguaded, IgnacioIntroduction. Education for social inclusion of people with disabilities in recent decades increased the use of educommunication to create strategies for change in the conditions of marginalization experienced by this population. The research aimed at tracking inclusive communication and/or educommunication processes of people with disabilities in the Andean Region, in order to identify in them the understanding of communication for change and educommunication in terms of the inclusion of this population. Method. A case study was made of 36 communication and educommunication inclusive experiences of and for people with disabilities in the six countries of the Andean Region documented online. Results. It was found that the Andean countries (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Venezuela) have public and private communication or educommunication strategies framed in the social model and the rights approach to transform stigmas and facilitate the social inclusion of people with disabilities. Discussion. These strategies are now in transition: from diffusionist and institutionalized models to models with transformative processes and structural change with holistic views of disability that involve interactive processes and collective construction. Educommunication in the Andean Region has advanced and achieved achievements as an education strategy for the inclusion of people with disabilities, the recognition and self-recognition of their voice and the facilitation of social transformation processes towards more inclusive societies capable of recognizing their diversity. However, it is necessary to continue to develop strategies of this kind in order to achieve this purpose once and for all.Item The Impact of Ethnicity and Genetic Ancestry on Disease Prevalence and Risk in Colombia(2021) Chande, Aroon T.; Nagar, Shashwat Deepali; Rishishwar, Lavanya; Mariño Ramírez, Leonardo; Medina Rivas, Miguel A.; Valderrama Aguirre, Augusto E.; Jordan, I. King; Gallo, Juan EstebanCurrently, the vast majority of genomic research cohorts are made up of participants with European ancestry. Genomic medicine will only reach its full potential when genomic studies become more broadly representative of global populations. We are working to support the establishment of genomic medicine in developing countries in Latin America via studies of ethnically and ancestrally diverse Colombian populations. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of ethnicity and genetic ancestry on observed disease prevalence and predicted disease risk in Colombia. Population distributions of Colombia’s three major ethnic groups – Mestizo, Afro-Colombian, and Indigenous – were compared to disease prevalence and socioeconomic indicators. Indigenous and Mestizo ethnicity show the highest correlations with disease prevalence, whereas the effect of Afro-Colombian ethnicity is substantially lower. Mestizo ethnicity is mostly negatively correlated with six high-impact health conditions and positively correlated with seven of eight common cancers; Indigenous ethnicity shows the opposite effect. Malaria prevalence in particular is strongly correlated with ethnicity. Disease prevalence co-varies across geographic regions, consistent with the regional distribution of ethnic groups. Ethnicity is also correlated with regional variation in human development, partially explaining the observed differences in disease prevalence. Patterns of genetic ancestry and admixture for a cohort of 624 individuals from Medellín were compared to disease risk inferred via polygenic risk scores (PRS). African genetic ancestry is most strongly correlated with predicted disease risk, whereas European and Native American ancestry show weaker effects. African ancestry is mostly positively correlated with disease risk, and European ancestry is mostly negatively correlated. The relationships between ethnicity and disease prevalence do not show an overall correspondence with the relationships between ancestry and disease risk. We discuss possible reasons for the divergent health effects of ethnicity and ancestry as well as the implication of our results for the development of precision medicine in Colombia.