Medicina
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Item Comparativa de nuevas estrategias para la reducción de la presión intraocular en pacientes con glaucoma de ángulo abierto: una nueva perspectiva; revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Banguera Riascos, Angel Luis; Bermudez Rodriguez, Cristian; Arteaga Velasquez, Estabn Dario; Escobar Delgado, Julián Andrés (Director)Glaucoma is a very common pathology characterized by high eye pressure due to a failure in the drainage of aqueous humor that causes damage to the optic nerve. It is one of the main visual disabilities. Treatment consists of lowering intraocular pressure; however, it has certain limitations which lead to the search for alternatives. Therefore, this review is presented with the aim of comparing the available methods to reduce IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Method: A scoping review was conducted based on a literature search in different databases, answering the question about the evidence for IOP reduction, its benefits and adverse effects. Results: 19 articles were found, surgical treatment decreases IOP by an average of 35% and pharmacological treatment by 25%. The associated benefits are a decrease in antiglaucomatous drugs, less invasive techniques, fewer post-surgery effects, but with persistent adverse effects associated with the surgeon's experience and poor adherence to treatment. Conclusions: New strategies aim at better IOP control to reduce blindness; however, the selection of the technique should be personalized according to the stage of glaucoma and the specific needs of the patient. Keywords: Glaucoma, Open angle, intraocular pressure, patients, treatments.Item Efecto de la suplementación perioperatoria con probióticos y simbióticos en la reducción de infecciones postoperatorias de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de cáncer colorrectal: revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Muñoz Piamba, Daniel Mauricio; Quintero Puentes, Isabella Fernanda; Ibarra Urbano, Georlyn Mateo; Liscano Martinez, Yamil (Asesor)Item Medicina tradicional y las plantas medicinales para los pueblos indígenas de Colombia: Revisión de alcance 2018-2025(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Cuaces Quiguantar, Liseth Manuelita; Palacios Salas, Dijulieth Paola; Ramos Guadir, Tania Alexandra; Acosta Ramírez, Naydu (Director)Traditional medicine encompasses practices, knowledge and beliefs that combine the use of plants, animals, minerals, spiritual and manual techniques to preserve health, prevent and treat diseases. In Colombia, about 2,404 species with medicinal properties have been identified, of which 1,656 are native to the Neotropics and only 214 are endemic to the country. The objective of this study was to analyze scientific publications on traditional medicine in the field of health from a sociocultural approach. Twenty-two articles were reviewed, of which three were selected that met the established criteria: being focused on health, Colombia and traditional medicine, and written in English or Spanish. The categories analyzed included culture, medicinal plants, health and disease. The results show that the use of medicinal plants is present in several departments of the country, being common their cultivation, collection or both practices. However, a significant loss of ancestral knowledge was also evident, especially among the new generations. Among the factors responsible are the loss of territories by indigenous communities, who often lack property rights and resources for their legal defense, which has resulted in displacement and cultural deterioration. In the specific case of Valle del Cauca, indigenous communities maintain a strong link to the land and continue to use medicinal plants to treat various ailments, in accordance with their spiritual beliefs. This study highlights the importance of preserving this ancestral knowledge as a fundamental part of cultural heritage and primary health care.Item Panorama de depresión posparto en adolescentes colombianas período 2015 - 2025: Revisión de alcance sobre prevalencia y factores asociados(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Anganoy Solarte, Natalia; Burbano Mosquera, Juan David; Hernandez López, Andreina (Directora)Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD), a mood disorder following childbirth, is highly prevalent and associated with risk factors. However, there is a lack of current data on adolescents and the Colombian population, highlighting the need to identify the current landscape of the problem in the country. Methods: A scoping review was conducted based on a systematic search of the national literature in databases that highlights the current landscape of research, prevalence, and risk factors. Results: 17 studies were published annually. 15% were published, mostly from northern Colombian regions. Observational studies were predominantly conducted in adolescent populations, with prevalence rates between 20% and 40%, and factors associated with poverty, low educational attainment, and lack of support. Conclusion: A promising outlook based on the annual publication rate, although it excludes the southern region of Colombia, which limits the generalization of results. The average prevalence is 24% lower than that reported in Latin America. It is caused by factors specific to adolescence and is triggered by factors of social vulnerability, providing a starting point for future research.Item Métodos de diagnóstico no invasivo en absceso del psoas: Una revisión de alcance sobre tecnologías de imágenes y biomarcadores (2015-2025)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Cerón López, Sebastián Eduardo; Perafán Fernández, Daniela; Gómez González, Andrés; Manzano Martínez, Jorge Enrique (Director)Item Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de 18 a 30 años en Colombia: Una revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Vásquez Pinto, Lauryn Catalina; Ruales Mavisoy, Silvia Julieth; Taguada Cuesta, Milena Shirley; Hernandez López, Andreina (Directora)This scoping review examined risk factors associated with cervical cancer (CC) in Colombian women aged 18-30 by analyzing scientific literature published between 2018-2025 from databases including PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. The objectives focused on identifying biological (HPV infection, genotypes 16/18), behavioral (early sexual initiation, multiple partners), and social determinants (low education, healthcare access barriers), while proposing evidence-based prevention strategies. Following the PCC framework (Population: young women; Concept: risk factors; Context: Colombia), the methodology employed MeSH/DeCS search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria to select 19 relevant studies. Key findings revealed high HPV prevalence (60.3%), late diagnosis (46% at stages III/IV), and systemic barriers including vaccine hesitancy (<50% coverage) and screening disparities. Conclusions emphasize the urgency of school-based HPV vaccination programs, expanded HPV testing in rural areas, and culturally adapted interventions addressing social inequities. Study limitations include insufficient longitudinal data and underrepresentation of regions like Chocó.Item Estrés laboral y salud ginecológica: Una revisión de alcance sobre su impacto en el ciclo menstrual y la fertilidad(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Zapata Villa, Laura Isabell; Jiménez Torres, Juan Esteban; Chavarriaga Buitrago, Ángel Yezid; Hernandez López, Andreina (Directora)Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the impact of work-related stress on the menstrual and reproductive health of working women, identifying associated disorders and preventive strategies. It examined disruptions in the hypothalamic pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and their relationship with menstrual irregularities and fertility. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PCC framework (Population: working women; Concept: work-related stress, menstrual disorders, and fertility; Context: prevention). Original studies (2015 2025) in English/Spanish from PubMed and Scopus were included, using structured matrices and PRISMA-Sc. Grey literature was excluded. Results: Work-related stress was associated with menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, and dysmenorrhea due to HPO axis dysfunction. It also reduced ovulation and oocyte quality, increasing miscarriage risk. Factors such as night shifts and long working hours worsened these effects. Preventive strategies included workplace adjustments, reduced night shifts and physical demands, and psychosocial interventions. Conclusions: Work-related stress negatively impacts menstrual and reproductive health, exacerbated by adverse working conditions. More longitudinal studies are needed to overcome limitations such as self-reporting bias. Preventive measures should be integrated into occupational health policies.Item Tamizaje del virus del papiloma humano y diagnóstico temprano del cáncer cérvico uterino: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Delvalle Mora, Isabella; Cajas Guerrero, Camila Andrea; López Rodríguez, Juan Guillermo; Acosta Ramírez, Naydu (Directora)Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV), without a doubt, is the main cause of cervical uterine cancer (CCU) a preventable problem. Even so, it impacts many women around the world, which is why it is urgent to design early detection strategies. Access to equitable health services, good education and comprehensive ways of addressing this problem are key to effective prevention and diagnosis of the disease. Methods: Scoping review looking for strategies to detect HPV and diagnose early CRC, using the PRISMA-ScR system, and the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework to select and analyze the most relevant scientific literature. Results: The following were reviewed 30 studies. These were grouped into four thematic axes: prevalence and diagnosis of HPV and CCU, influencing factors, assessment of screening strategies, and finally proposed interventions, highlighting the value of molecular testing, vaginal self-testing which may be an accessible option. The importance of organized screening programs that are tailored to the local realities of each population was also verified. Conclusion: To advance in the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, it is crucial to carry out accurate screening, encourage self-tests, extend HPV vaccination, and introduce new technologies such as AI, to improve diagnosis and minimize inequalities.Item Neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica y su impacto en la mortalidad, la estancia hospitalaria y los costos de atención: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Castillo Yama, Diana Katherin; Martínez Moncada, Juan José; Ramírez Ortiz, Nicoll Tatiana; Angulo Mosquera, Jorge Mario (Director)Abstract: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection affecting patients intubated for over 48 hours, caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal colonization of the respiratory tract and lung parenchyma. Globally, it ranks among the most common ICU complications, with incidence rates of 8–28% and mortality rates ranging from 24% to 76%. In Colombia, VAP poses a critical healthcare challenge due to its association with prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality. This review synthesizes current evidence on VAP’s impact on mortality, hospital length of stay, and healthcare costs. Methods We searched Scopus, Web of Science, Sage Journals, Springer, and Science Direct for studies published in the last 5 years. Results: Thirty-six articles were included: observational studies (63.9%), case studies (11.1%), systematic reviews/meta-analyses (16.7%), and narrative reviews (8.3%) Conclusions: VAP exhibits variable mortality impact, with higher rates linked to multidrug-resistant pathogens or specific comorbidities (e.g., chronic liver disease, cardiovascular conditions). Evidence remained inconsistent for other groups (e.g., COPD, immunocompromised patients). VAP prolongs ICU/hospital stays due to extended mechanical ventilation and incurs substantial costs from prolonged antibiotic use and intensive care.Item Uso de la inteligencia artificial en el diagnóstico precoz de enfermedades crónicas: Una revisión de alcance.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Peláez Cifuentes, Daniela; Borrero Mercado, Juan Sebastián; Angulo Mosquera, Jorge Mario (Director)Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for the early diagnosis of such conditions. Objective: To explore scientific evidence published between 2020 and 2025 on the utility of AI in the expedited diagnosis of chronic diseases. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodology outlined in the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, SciELO, Dialnet, Google Scholar, and Medline, focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2025. Articles in English and Spanish addressing the use of AI in the early diagnosis of chronic diseases were included. Results: A total of 54 studies were selected, most of which applied machine learning and deep learning techniques to conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Key benefits included improved diagnostic accuracy, reduced time to detection, and enhanced capacity to process large datasets. However, limitations were identified, including lack of external validation, data quality concerns, and ethical considerations. Conclusion: AI demonstrates considerable potential as a support tool in the early detection of chronic diseases. Nonetheless, further research is needed to address existing challenges and ensure its safe and effective integration into clinical practice.Item Herramientas más utilizadas para la evaluación del desarrollo psicomotor y neurocognitivo en niños menores de 3 años: Revisión de alcance 2000-2025(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Millan Castro, Aura Maria; Roldán Santacruz, Laura Isabella; Garcés Aguilar, Sebastián; Hidalgo Ibarra, Sirsa Aleida (Directora)Psychomotor and neurocognitive development during early childhood is essential for acquiring skills that support learning, autonomy, and social interaction. Early detection of developmental delays can significantly improve outcomes, especially in Hispanic America, where health service access is uneven. This scoping review aimed to identify the tools used to assess psychomotor and neurocognitive development in children under three years old in Spanish-speaking countries, describing their use and application contexts. A search was conducted in scientific databases (PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, among others), including reviews published between 2000 and 2025. Twenty-four articles were included. The most reported tools were Bayley-III, Denver II, Battelle, Haizea-Llevant, and DSM-V. Bayley-III and DSM-V are mainly used in clinical settings, while Denver II and Haizea-Llevant are more common in community and educational contexts due to their simplicity. Disparities in tool usage were observed, mainly due to limited resources, lack of cultural adaptation, and inadequate professional training. The review concludes that while several tools are available, their effective implementation in Hispanic America requires contextual adaptation, professional training, and supportive public policies to integrate developmental screening into routine pediatric care.Item Infección pediátrica por Toxoplasma gondii en América Latina: Revisión de alcance sobre su impacto clínico y epidemiológico(2025) Taborda Ceballos, Ángela María; Mondragón Montes, Daniel Alejandro; Taborda Ceballos, Stevens; Girón Ruiz, Eleonora (Directora)Item Riesgos asociados de trastornos neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes con lesión cerebral postraumática: Revisión de alcance(2025) Araujo Martinez, Angela María; Arboleda Castillo, Liseth Carolina; Gómez Villaquiran, Bruce; Ocampo González, Álvaro Alexander (Director)Introduction: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) represent a challenge in medical care, they have been shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, ranging from depression and anxiety to PTSD, which have impacts on mental health; the pathophysiological mechanisms have been established; however, the factors associated with a trigger such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still unknown. Method: A scoping review was carried out, based on articles from the last 10 years in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Dimensions and Sciencedirect, excluding gray literature, with the objective of examining the current scientific literature related to factors associated with the development of psychiatric disorders in patients with post-traumatic brain injury. Results: There is a direct relationship with findings between triggering factors such as having a previous mental disorder (19%), more than one comorbidity (14%), an alteration of consciousness during the trauma (14%), and the severity of the trauma (10), gender and age are not conclusive as triggering factors. Conclusion: There are predictors of neuropsychiatric disease following TBI, some inherent to the patient's previous clinical condition and others directly related to the trauma, including mental health history, trauma severity, recovery time and initial neurocognitive support. Their understanding and comprehensive management from the emergency department after stabilization of the patient could have an impact on the mental health of the population.Item Uso de la inteligencia artificial en el diagnóstico de retinopatía diabética: Revisión de la literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Bedon Agredo, Afiffe Daniela; Peña Carabali, Ivonne Dajhany; Velasco Mejía, Laura Sofía; Valencia Cardona, Andrés Felipe (Asesor)Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common ophthalmological conditions worldwide and a leading cause of preventable blindness. It results from the metabolic imbalance seen in patients with poorly controlled diabetes, and its early detection is crucial to preventing disease progression. However, in certain social contexts, access to early diagnosis may be limited. This literature review aims to analyze the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the early detection of diabetic retinopathy, focusing on its diagnostic accuracy, clinical applications, and limitations. Open-access databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS, and Medscape were consulted, prioritizing sources published within the last five years and those with evidence applicable to the Latin American context. AI has demonstrated broad utility across various healthcare settings, and systems such as EyeArt, IDx-DR, EyeWisdom, and AIDRScreening have shown high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing this condition. Nevertheless, they face logistical, ethical, and regulatory challenges that prevent them from replacing clinical judgment; instead, they are designed to complement it. In conclusion, the use of artificial intelligence in the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy represents a technological innovation with the potential to strengthen healthcare systems and improve the quality of life for patients with diabetes.Item Evidencia y características del Burnout académico por pregrados de salud en Colombia: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Patiño Concha, Julián Felipe; Hernández Zuñiga, Valentina; Hoyos Rentería, Jorge Arturo ; Giraldo Jiménez, Claudia Fernanda (Directora)Item Desafíos emergentes de la salud publica entorno a los embarazos de alto riesgo en la población inmigrante en Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Velásquez Lopez, Valentina; Castillo Benitez, Wendy Victoria; Diaz Caycedo, Xymena Andrea; Escobar Delgado, Julián Andrés (Directora)Introduction: High-risk pregnancies are all those pregnancies coexisting with pathologies or external causes capable of triggering a gestational period with risks both for the development of the fetus, as well as for the mother. There are more than one million migrants in Colombia, especially Venezuelans, of whom high levels of women of reproductive age are estimated, resulting in high pregnancy rates and high-risk obstetric pregnancies (HOP). Therefore, the research objective is to describe the emerging challenges of public health regarding high-risk pregnancies in the immigrant population in Colombia. Methodology: A scoping review was carried out by means of a literature search from review sources such as Science Direct, Google Academic, Scielo and PUBMED. Results: We obtained 25 articles from the last 6 years, filtered for duplicates and exclusion criteria, resulting in 8 studies that met the criteria for the research. Conclusions: The main components of the public health system are constituted by previously imposed governmental agencies, where the use of alternatives is feasible after reducing highrisk complications in pregnancy.Item Impacto de la malnutrición infantil en el desarrollo cognitivo(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Díaz Rosero, Thalia Vanessa; Guerron Villarreal, Manuela Fernanda; Espinosa Herrera, Juliana; Villamarin Betancourth, Eder Antonio (Director)Child nutrition is fundamental for physical and cognitive development. Mental development depends on the nutritional quality received in the early years. Research on pediatric nutritional design and public policies to improve the quality of life of children worldwide has been promoted. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is highlighted, since its repercussion generates low birth weight, IUGR, PPR, and deficits in cognitive and psychomotor development. A scoping review of malnutrition and its influence on cognitive development in children under five years of age is proposed in order to identify risk factors and mitigate these complications. Methods: A scoping review was carried out through a systematic search, using inclusion criteria to select studies and structure the review. Results: 350 studies published between 2018-2024 were found, manual filtering was performed resulting in 110 remaining and 90 that did not meet eligibility criteria were excluded. They showed that socioeconomic conditions, such as poverty, are the major risk factor in childhood malnutrition. Short-term complications are low birth weight, while long-term complications are deficits in attention, concentration and memory. Discussion: Poverty and inadequate feeding practices are critical factors. In the short term, malnutrition affects neural plasticity, learning and academic performance; in the long term, cognitive limitations and social adaptation. Conclusion: early intervention through nutritional and educational programs is essential to mitigate the effects of malnutrition on children's cognitive development.Item Factores de riesgos asociados a intoxicaciones agudas por sustancias químicas más prevalentes en menores de 5 años: Una revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Ortiz Majin, Santiago; Zúñiga Guama, Lizeth Alejandra; García Quiñones, Roberto Antonio (Director)Acute chemical poisoning in children under 5 years of age is a preventable public health problem worldwide, which generates high morbidity and mortality, with homes being the main site of accidental exposure due to the ingestion of various chemical substances, which vary according to each region.Item Fisiología aplicada a la ventilación mecánica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) García Vaca, María del Mar; Giraldo Ortegón, Gustavo Adolfo; Arzuza Jaramillo, Maria José (Directora)Respiratory physiology is based on gas exchange at the pulmonary alveoli level, which is why the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is vital to guarantee adequate tissue perfusion and the elimination of metabolic waste substances in order to maintain homeostasis and the correct functioning of the organism. However, respiratory system dysfunction of intra- or extrapulmonary origin, in pathological or non-pathological situations, leads the healthcare team to use mechanical ventilation as a therapeutic strategy; using it as a therapeutic support tool guarantees a high percentage of benefit to patients during their recovery process. The impact of the positive pressure exerted by mechanical ventilation on all body systems should always be taken into consideration, with the goal of improving the patient's state of oxygenation and avoiding adverse effects to a minimum since, being a non-physiological mechanism, it can directly affect the respiratory system, and indirectly affect the cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, hepatic and nervous systems, However, thanks to the use of the latest generation devices and advances in investigation, it has been possible to implement new therapeutic strategies called protective ventilation, where the aim is to reduce the adverse effects as much as possible and in an individualized manner to ensure the adequate oxygenation of the patient.Item Uso de la terapia electroconvulsiva con anestesia y relajación (TECAR) en pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo refractario(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Freire Florez, Juan Diego; Martinez Pérez, David Ernesto (Director)Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) without improvement with conventional treatments poses quality of life challenges for patients and mental health professionals. Despite the availability of neuromodulation therapies such as Electroconvulsive Therapy with Anesthesia and Muscle Relaxation (ECTAR) it is not yet supported by clinical guidelines due to inconclusive and controversial results. However, it continues to be used, especially in severe affective symptoms. The aim of this research is to review the existing literature on the TECAR in refractory OCD, identifying the cost-benefit of implementing it in clinical practice.