Medicina
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Item Evidencia y características del Burnout académico por pregrados de salud en Colombia: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Patiño Concha, Julián Felipe; Hernández Zuñiga, Valentina; Hoyos Rentería, Jorge Arturo ; Giraldo Jiménez, Claudia Fernanda (Directora)Item Desafíos emergentes de la salud publica entorno a los embarazos de alto riesgo en la población inmigrante en Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Velásquez Lopez, Valentina; Castillo Benitez, Wendy Victoria; Diaz Caycedo, Xymena Andrea; Escobar Delgado, Julián Andrés (Directora)Introduction: High-risk pregnancies are all those pregnancies coexisting with pathologies or external causes capable of triggering a gestational period with risks both for the development of the fetus, as well as for the mother. There are more than one million migrants in Colombia, especially Venezuelans, of whom high levels of women of reproductive age are estimated, resulting in high pregnancy rates and high-risk obstetric pregnancies (HOP). Therefore, the research objective is to describe the emerging challenges of public health regarding high-risk pregnancies in the immigrant population in Colombia. Methodology: A scoping review was carried out by means of a literature search from review sources such as Science Direct, Google Academic, Scielo and PUBMED. Results: We obtained 25 articles from the last 6 years, filtered for duplicates and exclusion criteria, resulting in 8 studies that met the criteria for the research. Conclusions: The main components of the public health system are constituted by previously imposed governmental agencies, where the use of alternatives is feasible after reducing highrisk complications in pregnancy.Item Impacto de la malnutrición infantil en el desarrollo cognitivo(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Díaz Rosero, Thalia Vanessa; Guerron Villarreal, Manuela Fernanda; Espinosa Herrera, Juliana; Villamarin Betancourth, Eder Antonio (Director)Child nutrition is fundamental for physical and cognitive development. Mental development depends on the nutritional quality received in the early years. Research on pediatric nutritional design and public policies to improve the quality of life of children worldwide has been promoted. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is highlighted, since its repercussion generates low birth weight, IUGR, PPR, and deficits in cognitive and psychomotor development. A scoping review of malnutrition and its influence on cognitive development in children under five years of age is proposed in order to identify risk factors and mitigate these complications. Methods: A scoping review was carried out through a systematic search, using inclusion criteria to select studies and structure the review. Results: 350 studies published between 2018-2024 were found, manual filtering was performed resulting in 110 remaining and 90 that did not meet eligibility criteria were excluded. They showed that socioeconomic conditions, such as poverty, are the major risk factor in childhood malnutrition. Short-term complications are low birth weight, while long-term complications are deficits in attention, concentration and memory. Discussion: Poverty and inadequate feeding practices are critical factors. In the short term, malnutrition affects neural plasticity, learning and academic performance; in the long term, cognitive limitations and social adaptation. Conclusion: early intervention through nutritional and educational programs is essential to mitigate the effects of malnutrition on children's cognitive development.Item Factores de riesgos asociados a intoxicaciones agudas por sustancias químicas más prevalentes en menores de 5 años: Una revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Ortiz Majin, Santiago; Zúñiga Guama, Lizeth Alejandra; García Quiñones, Roberto Antonio (Director)Acute chemical poisoning in children under 5 years of age is a preventable public health problem worldwide, which generates high morbidity and mortality, with homes being the main site of accidental exposure due to the ingestion of various chemical substances, which vary according to each region.Item Fisiología aplicada a la ventilación mecánica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) García Vaca, María del Mar; Giraldo Ortegón, Gustavo Adolfo; Arzuza Jaramillo, Maria José (Directora)Respiratory physiology is based on gas exchange at the pulmonary alveoli level, which is why the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is vital to guarantee adequate tissue perfusion and the elimination of metabolic waste substances in order to maintain homeostasis and the correct functioning of the organism. However, respiratory system dysfunction of intra- or extrapulmonary origin, in pathological or non-pathological situations, leads the healthcare team to use mechanical ventilation as a therapeutic strategy; using it as a therapeutic support tool guarantees a high percentage of benefit to patients during their recovery process. The impact of the positive pressure exerted by mechanical ventilation on all body systems should always be taken into consideration, with the goal of improving the patient's state of oxygenation and avoiding adverse effects to a minimum since, being a non-physiological mechanism, it can directly affect the respiratory system, and indirectly affect the cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, hepatic and nervous systems, However, thanks to the use of the latest generation devices and advances in investigation, it has been possible to implement new therapeutic strategies called protective ventilation, where the aim is to reduce the adverse effects as much as possible and in an individualized manner to ensure the adequate oxygenation of the patient.Item Uso de la terapia electroconvulsiva con anestesia y relajación (TECAR) en pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo refractario(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Freire Florez, Juan Diego; Martinez Pérez, David Ernesto (Director)Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) without improvement with conventional treatments poses quality of life challenges for patients and mental health professionals. Despite the availability of neuromodulation therapies such as Electroconvulsive Therapy with Anesthesia and Muscle Relaxation (ECTAR) it is not yet supported by clinical guidelines due to inconclusive and controversial results. However, it continues to be used, especially in severe affective symptoms. The aim of this research is to review the existing literature on the TECAR in refractory OCD, identifying the cost-benefit of implementing it in clinical practice.Item Principales causas de enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes entre 14 a 26 años en Latinoamérica durante el periodo 2020-2022(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Bastidas Matta, David; Benavidez Penna, Fabio Alejandro; Ruiz Molano, Valentina; Escobar Delgado, Julián Andrés (Director)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a persistent kidney disorder with poor glomerular filtration, even if there are no obvious signs of damage. The classification of CKD is based on the GFR and the albuminuria/creatininuria ratio, highlighting proteinuria as a key prognostic factor. This review seeks to analyze the main causes and etiologies of chronic kidney disease in patients aged 14 to 26 years in Latin America during the period 2020-2022; Likewise, the most frequent risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in young people aged 14 to 26 and the prevalence of the different etiologies that usually occur are identified.Item Estrategias terapéuticas en Toxoplasmosis Congénita: Una perspectiva actual. Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Maya Manso, Angela Patricia; Gutiérrez Alcalá, Isabella; Lemos Paredes, Lyda Marcela; Angulo Mosquera, Jorge Mario (Director); Hurtado Palacios, Isabel Cristina (Directora)Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is an infection that can affect fetuses during gestation. It occurs by vertical transmission of the parasite T. gondii from mother to fetus. Although 75% may be asymptomatic, others present severe neurological, psychomotor and ocular lesions. In Colombia, the incidence of CT is a public health problem. The high proportion of seronegativity in women of childbearing age is one of the main risk factors. Currently, the therapeutic management of CT is the subject of study and comparison. However, in the Colombian context, there is a lack of literature. This review seeks to establish a parallel between the different treatments, clinical outcomes and adverse effects.Item Análisis del IMC y factores desencadenantes del sobrepeso/obesidad antes, durante y después de la pandemia en una población escolar del Valle: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Bernales Amaya, Ingrid Carolina; Orjuela Santiago, Laura Melissa; Giraldo Jiménez, Maria Fernanda (Directora); Quintero Ramos, Luz Eugenia (Directora)The COVID-19 pandemic has been a great challenge for the child population, the abrupt changes in daily life greatly affected their physical and emotional state, generating situations that are probably the cause of an increase in the body mass index (BMI) causing the population to be outside their normal weight range according to age. During and after confinement, children reach levels of overweight and obesity, and even remain within these ranges. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a population of 130 school-age children between 7 and 11 years of age in the municipality of El Cerrito, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, with a sample of 98 children. Outcomes: The results obtained show evidence of how COVID-19 confinement influences the increase of BMI in children. Conclusions: The BMI of children aged 7-11 years before, during and after the pandemic had an important variability with a predominance of a BMI in overweight ranges between the ages of 7 to 11 years and it was proved that parents consider lack of physical activity, stress, anxiety and high carbohydrate diet as triggering factors of the same.Item La importancia del testigo métrico en fotografía forense: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Maldonado Medina, Andrea Stefania; Mueses Lara, Laura Camila; Tello Quijano, Luis Alberto; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto (Director)We have analyzed that in the forensic world in Colombia there are few guides or protocols on the metric Witness, because it is important when attaching the photograph as evidence before the court, since it lies in the need to observe the image that is achieved. dimension the cause, size and laterality of the lesson. We will talk about the beginnings of photography and the metric witness. Photography comes from the Greek photo → PHOS, which means light, and graphy → GRAFIS, which means drawing. It began with Aristóteles in the 3rd century BC. with the first camera obscura, following him, in the 10th century with the Arab Scientist Alhazen of Basra adapting glass lenses to Aristotle's dark bed, continuing in the 15th century with Leonardo Da Vinci with the compact dark shell, in the 19th century. (1800s) the English scientist Thomas Wedgwood made the first prints on paper and leather treated with silver salts. With Joshep Nicephore Niepce (1816) he achieved the first negative image with paper treated with silver chloride and also created heliography. Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (1822) called Daguerreotype the process in which he allows the image to be fixed and in 1838 the first panoramic image “Boulevard du temple” was known. William Henry Fox Talbot (1839). In 1850 the term PHOTOGRAPHY was already used due to the processes in which it was used to fix an image. Referring to the metric witness known as a unit of measurement used only in close-up photography, to determine: scale, length or diameter of the recorded sign or object.Item Determinantes del acto quirúrgico para prevenir ISO en adultos mayores hospitalizados 2018-2022: Un protocolo de revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Portocarrero Plaza, Lady Valentina; Lemos Perlaza, Sebastián Augusto; Molano Biojo, Dayan Melisa; Giraldo Jiménez, Claudia Fernanda (Directora); Solarte Rosero, Mily (Directora)Item Protocolo de revisión de alcance sobre los factores de riesgo de fibrilación auricular en pacientes con cáncer activo(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Madroñero Jaramillo, Nathalia Sofia; Montilla Peña, Johana Alejandra; Valdivia Botero, Isabella Andrea; Solarte Rosero, Mily (Directora); Giraldo Jiménez, Claudia Fernanda (Directora)Background Research shows a two-way relationship between atrial fibrillation and active cancer: cancer patients, while undergoing drug treatment and after surgery, are at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF); similarly, people suffering from atrial fibrillation are at high risk of developing some types of cancer. This review has the overall objective to determine what are the risk factors for AF in patients with active cancer.Item Conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas sobre uso de métodos de planificación familiar en estudiantes pertenecientes al programa de Medicina en quinto año y sexto año de una universidad privada de Santiago de Cali en el 2022(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Marín Portela, Luis Fernando; Ordoñez Angarita, Laura Daniela; Díaz Marín, Fabián Steven; Cuero Vidal, Olga Lucía (Directora); Giraldo Jiménez, Claudia Fernanda (Directora)The availability and range of family planning methods offer the general population an opportunity to decide the moment to carry out responsible parenthood and a healthy sexual life,. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen learning about contraceptive knowledge, in addition to an adequate attitudinal component, allowing the acquisition of skills and abilities that can be put into practice, in order to prevent unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and counteract their consequences.Item Colestasis en el embarazo, oportunidad y facilidad de diagnóstico en Latinoamérica: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Aponza Herrera, María Alejandra; Eraso Montilla, Juan José; Solarte Bacca, Santiago; Morales Chaves, Renan Orlando (Director)Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common and reversible liver disease, with low incidence but high risk of fetal complications. Timely diagnosis is required; The gold standard test is the quantification of bile acids, which is difficult to perform. METHODOLOGY: Scoping review based on the search in Pubmed, sciencedirect and scopus databases, which answers the question: What is the opportunity and ease of diagnosis in Latin America of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy? RESULTS: 22 articles, published in Peru (36.3%), Uruguay and Argentina (13.6% each), Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador (9%), pruritus and jaundice are present in 80% of cases, along with elevated liver function, only 55% of the studies have an evaluation of total bile acids. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of ICP is made from the clinical presentation and confirmation of elevated liver tests; there is still little diagnostic opportunity from the quantification of total bile acids, which does not coincide with the advances and recommendations of CPGs, testing is recommended given the evidence of the existing elevation between ABT levels and perinatal complications.Item Factores de riesgo en gestantes mayores de 35 años diagnosticadas con placenta previa(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Castillo Dávila, Luisa Fernanda; Ramírez Sandoval, Daniel Alejandro; Sánchez Grueso, Bárbara; Hernández López, Andreina (Directora)Risk factors in older pregnant women, both in Colombia and in other countries around the world, generate a relevant impact on their health and quality of life. For this reason, the objective of this article is based on the description of the risk factors in pregnant women over 35 years of age diagnosed with placenta previa. The research method used was the scoping review, which included descriptive and cross- sectional observational studies, prospective and retrospective cohorts, cases and controls. The search strategy was through scientific articles and research in databases such as: Dialnet, Direct, Scielo, Science, Scorpus, among others. The results indicated that elderly pregnant women with placenta previa (PP) are more prone to suffer complications, due to intrinsic factors of longevity that seem to be linked to progressive vascular endothelial involvement. It was concluded that the main risk factors in this population can cause serious maternal morbidity accompanied by hemorrhage, blood transfusion, peripartum hysterectomy and urgent postpartum due to uncontrolled bleeding, the consequence of which is the loss of fertility and even maternal mortality (MM) and the neonate. Caesarean section for PP constitutes a major risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) regardless of the incidence or not of a related placental accreta. This article represented an important theoretical contribution because it shares information with a very significant high social value, because it objectively details the reality of this problem in elderly pregnant women, at a global level.Item Caracterización y mortalidad en coinfección Covid-19 y tuberculosis pulmonar: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Chaves Molina, Lizethe Dayana; Parody Wadi, Fernando David; Martínez Hinojosa, Harrison; Escobar Delgado, Julián (Director)Introduction: Infectious diseases represent a public health problem, both emerging ones such as COVID-19 and re-emerging ones such as tuberculosis, a problem that is complicated by their appearance in the form of coinfection, with an unclear increase in the risk of mortality due to a causal association that is not very well known, which is why this review was carried out with the main of highlighting information on the interaction and mortality comorbidities between tuberculosis and Covid- 19. Methodology. An exhaustive scoping review was conducted of research published in databases worldwide since December 2019. The findings are presented in narrative form, complemented with tables and diagrams. Results: 22 articles, 100% observational, published in Asia (41%), America (23%), Europe (18%) and others (18%); presents in patients with a mean age of 49 years, male 88%, symptoms of triad of fever, dyspnea and cough, 43% of patients with coinfection present comorbidities DM (31%), HTN (14%), Smoking (10%), previous history of tuberculosis in 41%, and with findings of mortality associated with infection 11%, mortality relationship with comorbidities Pearson index of 0.054. Conclusions: There is an adequate level of scientific evidence about COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection, clarifying that the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of coinfection are established by the pathophysiological mechanism of the lung disease and that it occurs with a low mortality not associated with comorbidities pre-existing.Item Lesiones causadas por disparos con carga múltiple a niveles médico legal y balístico(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Arce Arce, Juan José; Terán Castaño, Juan Pablo; Tovar Narváez, Ángela Daniela; Restrepo Zapata, Jorge Humberto (Director)Item Exploración de la susceptibilidad a prediabetes y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en estudiantes del sector salud: una revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Arrunategui Becerra, Jose Emanuel; Calonge Alomoto, Andrés Camilo; Durán Vélez, Alejandra; Aguilera González, Pedro Pablo (Director)Item Complicaciones metabólicas agudas, Cetoacidosis diabética y manejos en pacientes adultos diabéticos tipo 2 en 2024: Revisión de alcance(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Hormaza De La Cruz, Francisco Javier; García Quiñones, Angelica Alejandra (Directora)The three acute metabolic complications in diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) are usually hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). Hypoglycemia, which must meet the criterion of very low blood glucose levels of less than 50 mg/dL, is the complication usually found in the pharmacological treatment of diabetic patients as a response to insulin treatment at the beginning of the disease due to excess insulin. the prescribed dose or in geriatric patients who suffer from senile, vascular or Alzheimer's dementia and who lose cognitive and memory capacity. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus (type 2), although it predominates in type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially in young debuting subjects, but it is becoming common in emergency services in diabetes mellitus (type 2) due to poor pharmacological adherence to insulin and the lack of timely delivery of antidiabetics due to the problems presented in the health sector in Colombia, associated with SGLT2 oral antidiabetics as an adverse effect and the increase in infectious conditions in diabetics.Item Factores asociados a alteraciones de agudeza visual en estudiantes de Medicina: Revisión de alcance y propuesta preventiva(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Duque Castaño, Francisco Javier; Lombo Gutiérrez, Mayra Michelle; Ramírez Vallejo, Paula Andrea; Escobar Libreros, Julián Andrés (Director)The impairment of visual acuity limits adequate development, affects performance, limits productivity and affects quality of life. It can affect the entire population, including young people such as university students, with medical students being among the most affected as they are one of the most affected. of the longest undergraduate degrees, however there are no studies that show or intervene in the factors to reduce the incidence, which is why this review is carried out with the objective of determining the factors associated with the development of visual acuity alterations in medical students. Method: Scoping review, systematic search of articles from the last 5 years, in Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and Elsevier databases. Results: 14 articles, 83.33% cross-sectional studies, 8.33% cases and controls, 8.33% retrospective study, 75% Asia, 8.33% North America, 8.33% in Europe and 5.26% Africa. Common refractive errors are myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, diplopia, computer vision syndrome (CVS) and astigmatism, the associated factors are age over 25 years (AOR = 1.8; CI of 95), family history with double probability of disease development and excessive use of screens. Conclusions: Refraction problems are common in medical students associated with triggers such as age, family inheritance and use of screens which can be intervened from early detection programs and development of visual hygiene activities from undergraduate training.