Especialización en Gerencia Ambiental y Desarrollo Sostenible Empresarial
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Item Adaptación de modelos de ciudades sostenibles e inteligentes para Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Reina Espinosa, Carolina; Salazar Calvache, Oscar AndrésLas ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) son protagonistas de uno de los procesos de crecimiento demográfico más significativos que ha vivido el planeta, con grandes consecuencias para la sostenibilidad, la calidad de vida y la competitividad de la región. Hacer frente a estos retos supone una evolución en el ámbito de la gobernanza y la toma de decisiones, así como el uso cada vez más eficiente de los recursos de nuestras ciudades, con miras a emprender una gestión inteligente. Teniendo en cuenta esta situación, los expertos a nivel mundial concluyen que las ciudades bien gestionadas a nivel socioeconómico, de seguridad y de medio ambiente ofrecen excelentes oportunidades. En este contexto, las ciudades inteligentes están concebidas para la sostenibilidad y el ahorro energético, pero también orientada a la eficacia en la transmisión del conocimiento, sin importar si son grandes o pequeñas urbes. El interés de este artículo es observar algunos casos de éxito de modelos de ciudades inteligentes y sostenibles a nivel global, latinoamericano y local, enfocados en materia de transporte público, tránsito, seguridad y medio ambiente, para así diagnosticar el estado actual de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali en estos aspectos y proponer la implementación de algunos modelos que han sido exitosos. Las ciudades latinoamericanas aún tienen un largo camino por recorrer para llegar a la "inteligencia". Claramente, se necesita un diagnóstico más completo a nivel de la ciudad para complementar y validar o rechazar algunas de las conclusiones. Pero parece que la información disponible es lo suficientemente buena como para trasladar la carga de la prueba a los administradores de la ciudad. El análisis identifica claramente algunas dimensiones en las que cada ciudad debe centrarse para poder aprovechar al máximo los recursos de los que disfruta y lograr lo que las mejores prácticas internacionales definen como gestión inteligente de la ciudad.Item Alternativas para el aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos: revisión de literatura(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Benavides Acosta, Melissa; Vargas Vasques, Jhon EdwardIn the world, the management of solid waste has represented a problem due to the high volumes generated; when the management of these is not adequate, it can affect the health of citizens and the environment. Currently a large percentage of the world population uses traditional fuels for domestic use, despite the important socio-economic and technological development. Thus, it is necessary to find alternative sources of energy before all fossil fuel reserves are exhausted, in addition to finding a solution to the growing production and elimination of solid municipal waste, one of the most viable is adopting the waste system to energy (WTE) that can be considered as a potential source of alternative energy, which is economically viable and environmentally sustainable. The present study reviewed the current global scenario of technological options of WTE (incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, anaerobic digestion and filling with gas recovery) for the effective recovery of energy and all the challenges faced by developed countries and development path. This review will help policymakers and implementing authorities involved to improve policies and protocols used in waste disposal. This review concluded that WTE is a possible source of renewable energy, which will partly cover the demand for energy and guarantee an adequate management of solid municipal wasteItem Análisis de las nuevas alternativas de disposición final para contenedores vacíos de plaguicidas(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Escobar López, Sandra Milena; Salazar Calvache, Oscar AndrésLa forma más común de envasado para agroquímicos es el envase de uso único, cuyo manejo debe hacerse después del empleo de su contenido, los recipientes vacíos de pesticidas representan un riesgo potencial para la salud humana y el medio ambiente; el objetivo de este documento es identificar alternativas de disposición final para este tipo de residuo, para esto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la normatividad en Colombia la cual está alineada con la política internacional de economía circular que promueve actividades de reciclaje, aprovechamiento, recuperación, reuso y generación de energía, seguida de una revisión del manejo y disposición final en países desarrollados y con economías en desarrollo sobre el nivel de recolección y aprovechamiento de contenedores vacíos de plaguicidas encontrando diseños alternativos de envases, variedad de productos e innovaciones en este tema y finalizando con la revisión en el país para analizar el cumplimiento de la normatividad, la valorización de estos residuos, las prácticas de tratamiento y disposición final y el impacto generado en el medio ambiente y la conservación de los recursos naturales.Item Análisis del desarrollo de la gestión del riesgo de desastres en Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Giraldo Vallejo, Paula Andrea; Rodríguez Isaza, Julio Cesar; Perico Rodríguez, Angela PatriciaThe growth and development of a community cannot be conceived without considering the risks that its modes bring to it and to future generations, it is necessary to link it to a planning that contemplates the risks of its execution to guarantee safe modes; It must also consider the risks that could dramatically intervene in its natural course. Colombia as a developing country is in the process of learning, forced by the multiple and costly economic and social havoc that have brought about events, both of great magnitude that have impacted several communities, such as those whose repercussions are more punctual, but also more frequent. Disaster Risk Management appears in this scenario as a obligatory tool to ensure sustainable development, a tool with an outstanding regulatory framework that was taking shape as a normative response with each event that impacted the community, becoming Public Policy of Risk Management with Law 1523 of 2012, with three fundamental paths: knowledge of risk, risk reduction and emergency response preparation, as can be seen with a strongly preventive approach in contrast to the norms prior to it. However, the implementation process has had obstacles concerning institutional weakness, intersectoral articulation, poor apprehension of the norm by the actors responsible for this application and the lack of resources necessary for this implementation. The aforementioned with an essential background such as the inadequate election of public officials, which is precisely the starting point to prosecute the correct implementation of the Public Policy of Risk Management, together with other components such as national accompaniment and Departmental, accountability and community empowerment through ambitious education and training programs at all levels, both academic, social and economic.Item Aplicabilidad del decreto nacional 953 de 2013, reglamentario al ART 111 ley 99 de 93, en relación con la adquisición de áreas de importancia estratégica e interés hídrico en 5 municipios del Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Burbano González, Cristhian E.; Bernal Suárez, Diana PaolaDespite the strengthening of environmental laws in Colombia, with a national environmental system defined by Law 99 of 1993, a system of protected areas Decree 2372 of 2010, that regulate the protection of renewable natural resources, with a Political Constitution of 1991 that has been characterized by its strong ecological component, and even with pronouncements of the Constitutional Court on sustainable development and the right to enjoy a healthy environment, there are still barriers to achieving development based on the sustainable use of renewable natural resources, particularly the water resource with serious damages in the páramos, watersheds and wetlands in Colombia. The purpose of the policy instruments in environmental law has been mainly focused on the protection of land use in certain areas where the greatest biodiversity is concentrated, leaving aside the economic factors that affect the protection and conservation of elements generators of development for the country. Due to this, the present monographic has as purpose to determine the environmental management of the municipalities of Roldanillo, Riofrio, Vijes, La Cumbre and Ginebra in the Valle del Cauca department, which will take into account the integral management of the water resources carried out, based on the applicability of Decree 953 of 2013 regulating art. 111 of Law 99 of 1993, towards the protection and conservation of strategies importance areas for the care of water in the municipalities mentioned in the Valle del Cauca department.Item Aprovechamiento y Gestión de Residuos de Demolición y Construcción en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Sánchez Banguero, Rubén Darío; Salazar Calvache, Oscar AndrésEl presente artículo pretende analizar la situación actual de la problemática generada por los residuos de construcción y demolición en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, considerando desechos o residuos de demolición y construcción RCD, aquellos que se generan en el entorno urbano y no se encuentran clasificados dentro de los comúnmente conocidos como Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (residuos domiciliarios y comerciales), ya que su composición es cuantitativa y cualitativamente distinta. Otro de los propósitos de este trabajo es revisar la gestión, tratamiento y aprovechamiento que se le dan a los RCD en la ciudad, producto de la construcción, hecho que está en auge en los diferentes sectores de ésta, ya sea por construcción en terrenos o remodelación. En el desarrollo de este artículo se aplicó la metodología de búsqueda bibliográfica de documentos y artículos de actualizados sobre el tema. En conclusión el Municipio de Santiago de Cali requiere de la implementación de planes de manejo ambiental sostenibles con el desarrollo urbano, social y económico, implementación de técnicas que conlleven al aprovechamiento efectivo de los residuos causados por esta actividad y que a su vez es causante de impactos provocados en el medio ambiente.Item Aspectos ambientales en las formas en las normas técnicas GP 1000 de 2009 e ISO 14001 de 2015, para la implementación del sistema de gestión de calidad y de gestión ambiental en las empresas públicas de acueducto y alcantarillado(2017) Villafañe Libreros, Valentina; Toro Hernández, Laura InésItem Cálculo de la huella ecológica en Colombia a partir de la comparación del plan nutricional omnívoro vs. el vegetariano(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) González Moya, Julia Daniela; Bernal Suarez, Diana PaolaThe climate change has taken the man to rethink his life style, one of the important aspects to replace is the feeding. A change on the consumption of animal protein to vegetable protein can bring representative environmental consequences to the country from the point of view of the Ecological footprint (EF). This is a sustainability indicator in charge to measure the impact generate by the human consumption over the planet. His calculation is made by the division of the annual consumption over the production of each food that make up the diet. Finally, the summation of every single Ecological Footprint given by the food to make a single EF for the diet. This result is compared with the biocapacity, on his definition is surface biologically productive, where are integrate the water aspects, polluting aspect (CO2 absorption), as the important ones. A sensitivity study shows the biocapacity needed to regenerate the reusable sources usedfrom the approach of two different diets, a vegetarian diet and omnivore diet, this two where used in 4 different studies to make the comparition of each EF. In conclusion, the study shows that Colombia does not have the environmental capacity to supply the food demand needed by the proposed diets, because is a country with much of this nutritional development based on the animal protein production.Item Cambios químicos en los recursos hídricos causados por lixiviados de hidroponía en una finca de flores en la sabana occidente de Bogotá(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Díaz Venegas, Lady Bibiana; Salazar Calvache, Oscar AndrésThe quality of groundwater and surface water is affected by human activities, including agriculture and livestock. These two activities require applications of both organic and inorganic fertilizers, which by different processes end up in the waters making the quality of these are lower, however, today the guilds of growers and agricultural producers encourage the use of good agricultural practices and livestock in order to be certified and thus expand their markets. Within the good practices of the floricultural sector, evaluations of qualities in the used waters (microbiological and physicochemical) are made, but it does not focus on the impacts that these activities may cause in the waters of natural bodies. The parameters that were evaluated in the study to determine if there is contamination to nearby sources are: pH (potential of Hydrogen), Electrical Conductivity, Free Chlorine, Nitrates and Nitrites; These samples were taken along the path that the hydroponics leachate has, identifying 3 key points: the leachate from the hydroponics container, an external watterway to the greenhouse and finally, at the point where the hydroponics waters meet together with the wetland waters .Item Caracterización biótica del humedal La Samaria como insumo para su declaración como reserva natural del municipio de Santander de Quilichao(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Ortíz, Jorge Enrique JorgeItem Causas de desabastecimiento de agua:El caso de la represa Sara Brut en el municipio de Bolívar en el Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Alba León, Jhon William; Quintero Ángel, MauricioThe Sara Brut dam was built to solve the problem of shortages in some municipalities in the northern department of Valle. However, it has been far from being the definitive solution to this problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the environmental impact and business development in the area of influence of the reservoir in the municipality of Bolivar. In order to do this, resources of documentary research and some qualitative tools and techniques were used, making visits to the area and applying interviews to the community to know their perception of the causes of shortages and environmental impact. The results show three important causes of shortages, among them, the phenomenon of the child, the agro-industrial use and the use for irrigation. The study allows to conclude that it is necessary to look for solutions that involve the different beneficiary entities in a joint work, leaving aside specific actions and benefits that protect the infrastructure and maintenance of the reservoir with what benefits the municipalities of the departmentItem Comunidades étnicas, territorio de desarrollo sostenible(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Suarez Muñoz, Cristian; Noriega Cañar, Gabriel; Salazar Calvache, Oscar AndrésEl artículo tiene como propósito desarrollar un análisis desde la perspectiva de las prácticas tradicionales de sostenibilidad que tienen y construyen las comunidades étnicas. Se aborda el tema de la discusión conceptual sobre el desarrollo sostenible a la luz de una revisión histórica del concepto, estableciendo las relaciones entre desarrollo y ambiente. Además, se presentan los aportes de la comunidad científica sobre investigaciones en comunidades étnicas que permiten develar que se desarrollan relaciones de armonía con el medio ambiente en sus territorios, donde se construyen dinámicas y espacios estrechamente relacionados con los conceptos de desarrollo sostenible. Posteriormente, se presentan algunos estudios de la vida cotidiana de las comunidades étnicas desde las prácticas tradicionales de sostenibilidad. Con base en este punto, se concluye con la importancia de evidenciar e incorporar un modelo de sostenibilidad ambiental basado en escenarios locales, el cual es demostrado cotidianamente en las dinámicas de las comunidades étnicas.Item Concisa revisión bibliográfica del desarrollo sostenible energético en Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Bermúdez Ruiz, Juan Carlos; Campo Caicedo, Nelson Javier; Salazar Calvache, Oscar AndrésEsta publicación, analiza desde un punto de vista, económico, ambiental y social la evolución que ha tenido el desarrollo sostenible en el país desde la temática energética, sus ventajas y desventajas. Para esto fue necesario identificar la información de libros, páginas web, entrevistas, tesis, documentos de instituciones oficiales, patentes, artículos científicos, y de la biblioteca virtual de la Universidad Santiago de Cali; para poder tener herramientas con las cuales pudiéramos desarrollar este tema el cual hemos querido abordar localmente y así poder analizar los avances de las energías renovables en Colombia los impactos, las ventajas y desventajas que éstas han generado y como pueden ayudar a mejorar la economía del país y brindarle a la sociedad nuevas alternativas energéticas las cuales contribuyan en la disminución y consumo de energías no renovables y lograr de esta manera que el gobierno, las industrias y la sociedad apoyen iniciativas energéticas como la energía eólica y solar, iniciativas que ya se han venido desarrollando en el país pero que falta fortalecer ya que seguimos dependiendo de energías convencionales derivadas del (carbón, agua y petróleo) generando impactos irreparables en el medio ambiente.Item Conformación del sistema de gestión ambiental para la empresa DEMI S.A.S.(2017) Gutierrez Cardenas, Nini Johana; Silva Leal, Jorge AntonioItem Contextualización de factores de compensación por pérdida de biodiversidad en el Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2016) Gómez Meza, Alexander; Salazar Valencia, Martha Lucia; Saavedra Rodríguez, Carlos ArturoItem Desarrollo bajo en Carbono como estrategia de gestión ambiental urbana en Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Nova Pérez, Sindy Yineth; Salvador Rojas, JavierThe present work allowed to demonstrate how Low Carbon Development (LCD) strategies have been applied in large Latin American cities, especially on the city of Cali. This work was divided into six chapters from which the theoretical framework and the state of the art of sustainability in local management in urban territories and the inclusion of climate change in local agendas were addressed, as well as the initiatives that in terms of low development carbon, these spaces are advanced. The first part of this document presents the conceptual and analytical framework to address the mitigation strategy called LCD. At the end, this document shows the state of the art of the application of policies, infrastructures and measures of LCD in the main Latin American cities and especially in Santiago de Cali is exposed. From the analysis carried out, it was concluded that a paradigm shift in Latin American cities is necessary to obtain more substantive effects on climate change in each of the sectors of the economy in which its treatment is considered in an integral manner and its interrelations through of flexible analysis processes capable of responding to changing global challenges, considering, in turn, local potentials and challenges.Item Diagnóstico de la gestión integral de residuos peligrosos hospitalarios y similares, en establecimientos categorizados como grandes generadores, para los años 2016 y 2017 en el departamento del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Vallejos Ortiz, Luisa Manuela; Reyes Arias, Tito ReinaldoHazardous waste generated by hospitals and healthcare centres, represent risks and difficulties, fundamentally due to the infectious nature of its components. A poor management of these hazardous wastes create not only situations of risk that threaten the health of the hospital’s population (staff and patients), but it can also be the cause of environmental detriment. Therefore, the present case-study seeks to establish a diagnosis of the Integrated Management of hazardous hospital Waste at healthcare facilities that have been categorized as large waste-generators/(contributors), in the Province/(department) of Cauca, during the period of 2016 to 2017. The Registry of Hazardous Waste Generators was used as source of data, to obtain figures on waste generation and management of hospital hazardous-waste. The data hereby, was validated and transmitted by the Autonomous Regional Corporation of Cauca (CRC). Data on internal and external management, was as well provided by the CRC. According to the figures presented, in the department of Cauca, in both, 2016 and 2017, the economic activity that had the highest contribution of hazardous waste, in percentage, is human healthcare, with 36% and 29%, respectively. Even when the most representative economic sectors in 2016 and 2017 were information and communications, energy, gas and water, social, community and personal services, financial and real estate services, agriculture and industry, none of these represent such high generation of hazardous waste.Item Diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión ambiental en residuos sólidos industriales para la empresa Fogel Andina S.A.S(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2016) Varela Rivera, Xiomara; Vaca Ballesteros, Dennis Milena; Orobio Segura, Carlos AndrésThe management of industrial solid waste is a reality in which they live every country in the world. For this reason, it is urgent to take action (although today, efforts are made to reduce the negative environmental impact) more drastic since the deterioration of the planet is increasing at a higher level. FOGEL ANDINA S.A.S., company, is committed to conservation and environmental protection, which attaches great importance to its Environmental Management department, which seeks to comply with environmental laws with continuous improvement. This paper aims to demonstrate the implementation of the system of Integral Solid Waste Management in the company FOGEL ANDINA S.A.S, characterize and analyze waste management given to them, all within environmental sustainability.Item Disposición final de residuos sólidos en zonas Costeras, casco urbano del municipio de Guapi, Cauca, año 2017(2017) Castellanos Álvarez, Alexander; Granja Arboleda, Anibal; Bonilla Mosquera, NayibeItem Economía circular: una estrategia aplicable a la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Asaff Cárdenas, Viviana Andrea; Salazar Calvache, Oscar AndrésToday, nations are in search of sustainable development, framed in the achievement of economic, social development and environmental protection for the satisfaction of present needs without affecting the needs of future generations. In this sense, the excessive production of solid waste is a worldwide problem, which results in the environmental impact through greenhouse gas emissions, pollution of water sources, inadequate disposal in unauthorized places, among other; therefore, it is the duty of all countries and the population in general, to generate structural changes in the policies and programs associated with the Integrated Management of Solid Waste, where adequate management, treatment, use and final disposal are the focus of attention with the application of available technologies that use the circular economy approach as a sustainable development strategy. In accordance with the above, this review article explores various bibliographical sources that support the concept of circular economy, importance of solid waste characterization, its management and use applying various technologies, as well as application analysis. of the circular economy as a strategy for the Integral Management of Solid Waste. In general, it was found that the applications of efficient technologies made so far such as composting, anaerobic digestion, efficient recycling systems and the advances obtained in developed countries and some in Latin America have managed to reduce costs, reduce gas emissions from greenhouse effect, significantly reduce the generation of waste and greater process performance, articulating solid waste to the production chain.