Microbiología
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Browsing Microbiología by Author "Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director)"
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Item Determinación de la capacidad de formación de biopelículas en aislados de Escherichia coli resistentes a betalactámicos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Montehermoso Ramos, Kyara Stefania; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director)Escherichia coli is a bacterium capable of forming biofilms on invasive medical devices such as catheters, urinary catheters, artificial respirators, etc. When the infection is caused by isolates of E. coli resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, therapeutic options are severely limited, increasing patient morbidity and mortality. The main mechanism of resistance to beta-lactams is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate them. In Colombia, the blaKPC gene, encoding for KPC carbapenemase (Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase), is endemic in the country and, along with other enzymes like VIM and NDM, is primarily responsible for beta- lactam resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the biofilm formation capacity in isolates of beta-lactam-resistant E. coli. To achieve this, the presence of the blaKPC gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction, while the ability to form biofilms was assessed using the crystal violet assay. The results indicate that the blaKPC gene was present in 88% of the isolates evaluated, and 100% could form biofilms. These findings underscore the complexity of infections caused by beta-lactam-resistant E. coli and contribute to the development of more effective public health policies by hospital infection committees, tailored to the evolving bacterial resistance landscape, with the aim of reducing the prevalence of resistant strains at the hospital level.Item Potencial farmacológico del extracto Diclorometánico de Piper Aduncum en la búsqueda de moléculas con actividad antimicobacteriana(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Alférez Osorio, Luisa Fernanda; Gómez Viera, Santiago; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director)Clinically important non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of microorganisms that cause a wide variety of infections in the skin, soft tissues, respiratory tract, among others. These mycobacteria present intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics, requiring the development of new drugs for their control. A previous study conducted at the Universidad Santiago de Cali demonstrated the antimycobacterial potential of three plants of the genus Piper (P. aduncum L, P. auritum Kunth and P. peltatum L). In the present study, the pharmacological potential of Piper aduncum leaf dichloromethanolic extract was evaluated on clinical isolates of M. abscessus, M. massiliense, M. bolletii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and strain M. smegmatis mc2155 by broth microdilution method. The results show that the dichloromethanolic leaf extract of P. aduncum presents a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) between 128 and 512 µg/mL on the different clinical isolates used. In addition, the extract was fractionated by open column chromatography, obtaining 14 fractions of different polarities, demonstrating that the fractions of greater polarity (F12, F13 and F14) present inhibitory activity on M. smegmatis mc2155, obtaining a MIC and MIC between 136.50 and 929.50 µg/mL, possibly demonstrating the phenomenon of synergy between the bioactive compounds present in each fraction, which designates the mutual potentiation of several active principles. This study is expected to serve as a basis for the development of new antimycobacterial drugs.