Microbiología

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https://usc.scimago.es/handle/20.500.12421/93

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Caracterización genética y perfil de sensibilidad a metales pesados en aislados de Pseudomonas mendocina provenientes de una Planta de Tratamiento de Lixiviados
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Burbano Verdugo, Laura Vanessa; Falco, Aura; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés
Pseudomonas mendocina is a Gram-negative bacillus capable of growing in leachates, which are characterised by high loads of organic matter and contaminants that exert a selective pressure in favour of bacteria that possess antimicrobial resistance determinants, which makes them candidates to evaluate their bioremediation potential. Therefore, in this work, genetic characterisation including genotyping of P. mendocina isolates from a Leachate Treatment Plant was performed through PCR amplification of palindromic extragenic repeat sequences (rep-PCR). In addition, the presence of plasmid DNA and whether it was transferable by conjugation was determined and, finally, the heavy metal sensitivity profile was determined. Some isolates were shown to be genetically related, to carry conjugative plasmids and to grow at different metal concentrations. In conclusion, they are suggested as candidate bioremediators.
Determinación de la capacidad de formación de biopelículas en aislados de Escherichia coli resistentes a betalactámicos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Montehermoso Ramos, Kyara Stefania; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés; Falco, Aura Dayana
Escherichia coli is a bacterium capable of forming biofilms on invasive medical devices such as catheters, urinary catheters, artificial respirators, etc. When the infection is caused by isolates of E. coli resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, therapeutic options are severely limited, increasing patient morbidity and mortality. The main mechanism of resistance to beta-lactams is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate them. In Colombia, the blaKPC gene, encoding for KPC carbapenemase (Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase), is endemic in the country and, along with other enzymes like VIM and NDM, is primarily responsible for beta- lactam resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the biofilm formation capacity in isolates of beta-lactam-resistant E. coli. To achieve this, the presence of the blaKPC gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction, while the ability to form biofilms was assessed using the crystal violet assay. The results indicate that the blaKPC gene was present in 88% of the isolates evaluated, and 100% could form biofilms. These findings underscore the complexity of infections caused by beta-lactam-resistant E. coli and contribute to the development of more effective public health policies by hospital infection committees, tailored to the evolving bacterial resistance landscape, with the aim of reducing the prevalence of resistant strains at the hospital level.
Determinación de los cambios que genera la presencia de los Iones Mg2+, Ca2+, y Na+en la proliferación de salmonelófagos líticos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Guazá Balanta, María José; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana
One of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide is salmonellosis, which is caused by the bacterial genus Salmonella spp. The resistance to antibiotics that this bacteria has conferred begins the search for alternatives for its treatment, phage therapy being one of these. The adhesion of bacteriophages to the cell surface is the first and one of the main stages in viral infection. There are ions such as Mg+2, Ca+2 and Na+ that work as cofactors for the adhesion of bacteriophages to their hosts, resulting in an increase in the viral population. That is why in this work, based on the determination of the viral titer of a bacteriophage infective for Salmonella (4x109 PFU/mL), the changes in its proliferation in the presence of Mg+2, Ca+2 and Na+and ions were determined. The Mg+2 ion was the one in which changes were found that can potentiate the obtaining of the bacteriophage from a complex sample such as a solid environmental matrix
Evaluación de antibióticos para el control de bacterias ácido-lácticas y ácido acéticas en el proceso de producción de alcohol carburante en el Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Santiago Cali, 2020) Gomez Capote, Jennifer Lorena; Rojas Mora, Angélica María; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés; Silva Aguas, Santiago
The antimicrobial capacity of the bacteriocin nisin and the antibiotics neomycin and oxytetracycline was evaluated against the control of contamination caused by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB) in fermentative processes. For this, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each one was determined and fermentation tests were carried out on a laboratory scale at a concentration of 40 ppm. These tests showed that the evaluated molecules managed to decrease the contamination caused by LAB and AAB during the 48 hours of the test. During fermentation the cellular viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was maintained at over 98 percent, using oxytetracycline. For this reason they are proposed as a model for the control of bacterial contamination by LAB and AAB in fermentations.
Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de un desinfectante de extractos naturales, sobre el crecimiento de bacterias y hongos provenientes de ambientes industriales e institucionales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Cañón Castro, Sofía; Palacio Muñoz, Nicolás; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés
Cleaning and disinfection in hospital, industrial and institutional environments is an essential procedure for controlling the risk of disease transmission, as well as contaminating microorganisms. However, many chemical disinfectants pose a risk to the environment because they can form toxic compounds that are difficult to handle. The objective of this work was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of a disinfectant, whose active ingredients are natural extracts, which minimizes the environmental impact. For this, this disinfectant was validated under Colombian Technical Standards 5150 and 5817. Additionally, its activity was verified on isolates of lactic acid and acid-acetic bacteria contaminating fermentation industries, as well as environmental yeasts of an educational institution. The results obtained show that the disinfectant is effective for the disinfection of bacteria and fungi found in institutional and industrial environments, being an alternative to the use of chemical disinfectants
Evaluación de la capacidad inhibitoria de extractos de curuba y moléculas bioactivas sobre el crecimiento de mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155.
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Anacona Sánchez, Paola Andrea; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés
The intrinsic resistance that mycobacteria show to some disinfectants and antibiotics makes them a growing public health problem. Due to the fact that natural products and their derivatives have been shown to be a source of new antimicrobials, the effectiveness of hexanic, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of cascara and pulp of the fruit of the curuba (Passiflora mollisima) and some chalcone molecules synthesized by the Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds of the Universidad del Valle (Colombia), on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. The results showed that the hexanic extract of peel and a chalcone molecule, were able to inhibit the growing mycobacterium at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 100 μM, respectively. This demonstrates the potential of curuba, to obtain molecules that, like the chalcones, serve as the basis for obtaining and designing new drugs.
Implementación de un tren de filtración al vacío para mejorar la eficiencia y optimización del proceso de filtración por membrana en la identificación de coliformes totales y escherichia coli presentes en agua potable
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Moreno Murillo, Karen Yiseth; Realpe Lopera, Sandra Lorena; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés
This study addresses the optimization of the microbiological analysis of drinking water through the implementation of a vacuum train for membrane filtration. It was proposed that this technique improves the detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli essential to evaluate water safety. The methodology included tests of selectivity, sterility and efficiency in Chromocult and PCA culture media, as well as the standardization of the filtration method with validation through control strains. The results obtained showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the conventional filtration system and the filtration train since in the results of the variance analysis a calculated F value of 0.04 was reached for the reproducibility test of the method used by two different analysts, as well as for the reproducibility test using the two filtration systems under the same conditions, a calculated F value of 0.45 was obtained, therefore it can be concluded that the implementation of the filtration train is effective and shows agreement with the results in Comparison with the conventional filtration system, and can be operated by two analysts Different under the same conditions.

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