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Aprovechamiento de alcohol fusel en la obtención de productos de valor agregado utilizando perovskitas como catalizadores
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Valencia Castro, Jessica Andrea; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Codirector)
At present, the quest for renewable carbon sources to generate energy and high-value products has seen a significant rise, particularly those enabling the extraction of chemical components traditionally derived from fossil fuels. Industrial processing of sugarcane yields various renewable materials, including fusel alcohol, offering the potential for conversion into valuable compounds. The catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol (mixture of different alcohols with C3 to C5) using the Guerbet reaction has not yet been widely explored, however, some of its components have already been used as starting material for this reaction using different catalysts. Thus, this work was aimed at the conversion of fusel alcohol by the Guerbet reaction using perovskite-type oxides of La (III) as cation A and Zn (II) or Ni (II) as cation B. The oxides were obtained by the calcination of their precursors synthesized by the coprecipitation method and were well characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA curves showed the complete decomposition of the precursors at 900 °C in 4 hours. XRD patterns confirm the formation of the perovskite phase. In addition, IR spectra of the synthesized materials show vibrations indicating the presence of Ni-O and Zn-O bonds. In the catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol, different groups of compounds were obtained, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, and ketones.
Evaluación de la capacidad descontaminante IN-VITRO de las cáscaras de chontaduro en aguas contaminadas por ibuprofeno
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) García Becerra, Betty Eliana; Urbano Montero, Marilyn; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director)
Currently, activated carbon is one of the most widely used adsorbent materials for environmental remediation purposes, especially for treating water contaminated with pharmaceuticals. In this regard, one of the main focuses is its production from renewable raw materials, such as residual plant matter, which in many cases is underutilized. In order to contribute to this approach, this study obtained activated carbon from peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) shells, a locally abundant waste product, through calcination using an acidic chemical agent (H3PO4 ) and a basic chemical agent (NaOH). Subsequently, the materials obtained were characterized through infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration, and zero point of charge analysis. Furthermore, their in-vitro adsorption capacity for ibuprofen in aqueous solutions at neutral, acidic, and basic pH values was evaluated. The results obtained confirmed the successful production of activated carbon using both proposed methods, with more than 4000 mmol of surface functional groups per gram of material. Additionally, functional groups such as carboxylic acids, phenols, lactones, and amines were identified on the surface of the adsorbent materials. Finally, it was observed that these functional groups could be charged over a wide pH range, enhancing the removal of ibuprofen from aqueous media, reaching up to approximately 5 mg of ibuprofen per gram of activated carbon. This study highlights the potential of chontaduro shells as an alternative raw material for the production of adsorbent materials capable of removing ibuprofen from aqueous environments.
Desarrollo de un método alternativo al procedimiento analítico descrito en la farmacopea británica (BP) para mejorar el porcentaje de rendimiento obtenido en la preparación de la muestra para la prueba de identificación por CCF
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Pulgarin Palomá, Stephania; Flórez López, Edwin (Director)
For the pharmaceutical industry, it is essential to have reliable analytical methodologies that allow guaranteeing the quality of the drugs. For this, the analytical techniques are based on the different pharmacopoeias and the variations made to these should be directed to the improvement of the technique without altering the quality of the final product. In the present study, an alternative methodology to the one presented by the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) was developed in the identification test by thin layer chromatography in order to improve the yield percentage of the liquid-liquid extraction when treating the Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether sample solution. Tests were carried out by varying the agitation method, the solvents of the diluent solution and their proportion, the number of extractions and the adequate solvent to carry out the washes. Subsequently, the proportions in the preparation of the developer solution for TLC were evaluated. Finally, it was demonstrated that with the alternative methodology the amount of sample required to release the raw material (approximately 50 mg) was obtained, which allows optimizing the analysis time.
Materiales y fijadores utilizados para el tratamiento y la reparación de hernias: Revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Bibian Andrea, Martínez Caro;; Muñoz Pulgarín Valentina; Satizabal Sánchez,Nayelly Tatiana; Muñoz Imbachi, Angela Paola
Introduction: Hernias over time have become one of the most common defects of the abdominal wall, however thanks to the great advances of materials and fixers have decreased the rates of post-surgical complications by 78%. Objective: To collect up- to-date information on the materials and fixators used for the treatment and repair of hernias. Materials and methods: A total of 64 articles from the following databases, International Journal of Epidemiology, Royal Collage of Surgeons of England, Springerlink, Elsevier, Scielo, Asacirujanos, Revista Chilena de cirugía, were included in the present literature review, ScienceDirect, Sohah, Pubmed, Revista cubana de cirugía, Medigraphic, Repositorio Unal, Clínica Hernia, Bitstream. Results: In large scales there are many types of hernias, each of them is repaired differently. Following this, the most outstanding materials are those made with polypropylene since they significantly reduce surgical infections and finally, biological fixers and adhesives are the most outstanding due to their high efficiency in decreasing tissue reaction. Conclusions: Fastening materials have become an innovative topic for health personnel, highlighting materials and adhesives such as biological and semi-synthetic, which, by their validity and effectiveness, are replacing the suture, as these provide improved stability and reduced post-operative complications
Desarrollo de un almidón catiónico para ser usado como coagulante en el tratamiento de aguas residuales
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Prieto Gutiérrez, Jeisson Alberto; Franco Araujo, Leonard Hernán; Ríos Acevedo, Jhon Jairo (Director)
In this work, a cationic starch was developed with the objective of reducing the turbidity present in wastewater for treatment, the synthesis of a compound was carried out with cassava starch and a quaternary ammonium salt such as benzalkonium chloride, to which performed a GC - MS analysis to detect possible derivatives confirming a reaction, total nitrogen and finally the coagulation tests were carried out in a jar test, managing to remove up to 30% of suspended particles from the raw wastewater in composite sampling, the ferric managed to remove an average of 63% of the turbidity from the waters that reach the WWTP in the city of Cali, Colombia. No difference was found between turbidity reduction at 250 ppm and 500 ppm.