Doctorado en Ciencias Aplicadas
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Item Evaluación de sistemas oxidativos basados en luz UV sobre la inactivación y susceptibilidad de hongos patógenos humanos aislados de plantas de tratamiento de la ciudad de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-28) Caicedo Bejarano, Luz Dary; Correa Bermúdez, Adriana María (Directora); Serna Galvis, Efraím Adolfo (Director)Aquatic systems, such as wastewater and drinking water, serve as reservoirs for pathogenic fungi, including species resistant to antifungals like azoles and echinocandins. In Cali, Colombia, wastewater and drinking water were evaluated, revealing 14 genera and 21 species of yeasts, with Candida present in all sampling sites. A 32.7% resistance to fluconazole was observed, influenced by physicochemical parameters and the presence of heavy metals, including Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, and Pb. Tests with C. albicans showed that UVC/peroxide processes follow first-order kinetics, with UVC/H2O2 proving most effective, reducing susceptibility to fluconazole from 64 to 8 μg/mL. Yeasts exhibited low reactivation in darkness, indicating that using •OH and SO4•- radicals is a cost-efficient method for treating resistant yeasts. It is advisable to investigate the spread of resistant communities in the Cauca River and to expand these treatments to hospital systems.Item Development of Business Architecture for the manufacture of swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles in the context of Industry 4.0(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-11) Díaz Velásquez, María Fernanda; Tavera Romero, Carlos Andrés (Director)This research project develops a Business Architecture pattern with its artefacts for designing the organisational structure of a factory dedicated to the production of swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the context of Industry 4.0. To formalise and validate the pattern, the Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate (CDIO) methodology is adopted. Within this framework, architectural solutions are proposed that integrate a co-intelligence artefact (human-machine cooperation) into decision-making processes, with the aim of boosting productivity, streamlining operations and transforming business models. The resulting pattern articulates intelligent and interconnected systems and technologies specific to Industry 4.0, and is scalable and adaptable.Item Relación del flujo sanguíneo y la temperatura en función del tiempo con la hiperemia reactiva como indicador temprano de lesiones por presión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-14) Jiménez Cerquera, Catalina ; Zambrano Bermeo, Rosa Nury (Directora); Manrique Julio, Jorge Eliecer (Director)To analyze the time course of skin blood flow and temperature, using reactive hyperemia as an early indicator of pressure injuries in older adults. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study (n = 55). Descriptive statistics and normality tests were applied; bivariate analyses explored the association and/or significance of other variables with the occurrence of a hyperemic response. The hyperemic response (BF_max) was modeled using discrete-time survival with a complementary log–log (cloglog) link and a log offset. Additionally, a robust logistic/GEE model was fitted including optical–structural determinants (Red/IR ratio, thickness). We constructed a Cutaneous Microvascular Response Index, composed of responsiveness (how fast and how much flow increases) and recovery capacity (ability to return to baseline). Model performance (AUC, Brier score) and associations (OR/HR with 95% CI) were assessed. Results. We characterized the temporal behavior of blood flow and temperature at the evaluated site up to the onset of the hyperemic response, identified its latency and conditions of occurrence, and proposed a model that not only represents the data dynamics but also shows potential utility to stratify cutaneous microvascular risk and complement clinical scales such as Braden.Item Síndrome post covid-19, implicaciones funcionales y factores relacionados(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024-08-23) Daza Arana, Jorge Enrique; Varela Miranda, Rubén Eduardo (Director)COVID-19 is a viral infection that has generated a high burden of morbidity and mortality during the pandemic worldwide, becoming a disabling disease in the population that persists with symptoms after 12 weeks of SARS-CoV infection. 2 and that no alternative diagnosis is attributed. The functional implications of Post COVID-19 Syndrome include the domains of functional impairment, fatigue, quality of life, mental and/or cognitive function problems, and low exercise capacity. Considering that there are only three studies in the country in relation to this syndrome, it was necessary to investigate the municipality of Palmira because it is one of the territories with the highest number of cases in the department of Valle del Cauca and one of those that has greater lethality. A descriptive observational epidemiological study with an analytical component was carried out that allowed us to describe and know the frequency of persistent symptoms, the functional implications and the burden of the affected systems, in relation to the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. It was found that the population was mainly female, middle and low socioeconomic stratum, had a single event of COVID-19, more than 5 symptoms in the acute stage and received outpatient management. The majority presented a complete vaccination schedule against COVID-19, but only 26.9% had vaccination prior to infection. It was evident that cognitive symptoms represented 88.5% of the persistent symptoms, followed by general (84.6%), musculoskeletal (82.7%) and neurological symptoms (75.8%). In functional status, 70% present minimal to severe limitations. Chronic fatigue had a prevalence of 36.5% (38/104). Regarding quality of life, it was observed that half (50.0%) of the population reports a mild to moderate level of pain or discomfort and around a third (34.6%) a level of anxiety and depression. Cognitive mental function was found with 55.8% at a reduced level. The most affected areas were memory with 88.5%, followed by the visuospatial/executive area with 71.2% and attention 61.5%. It was evidenced that a single episode of acute COVID-19, without critical illness, can develop Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and subsequent vaccination does not seem to be a protective factor. After evaluating the results obtained in this population, the implementation of prevention and management strategies is recommended that facilitate comprehensive rehabilitation in a timely manner with the aim of reducing functional implications.Item Sistema de instrumentación y control de estimulación auditivo y visual con tecnología AIoT para regular el comportamiento(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024-09-30) Álvarez García, Gonzalo Alberto; Asorey Cacheda, Rafael (Director); Zúñiga Cañón, Claudia Liliana (Directora)The instrumentation and control systems have allowed the analysis of various systems that touch all aspects of science, developing an evolutionary connection with the needs of human beings and their context, the revolution in the field of biology, industry are just some examples of these scopes. In addition, technologies based on IoT (Internet of Things) systems have interconnected the different devices of our lives, from the simplest thing like turning on or off a light bulb, to being able to control the temperature and humidity of our living spaces. Nowadays, the new reality has posed a new restart to social situations, environments, meeting spaces have suffered due to the situation of the COVID - 19 pandemic, these spaces have not had significant transformations, although our personal spaces, some of them mediated by technology, have been transformed, the conditions in spaces of social interaction have not had an adequate evolution to the technological elements they have. This difference between personal and social spaces has generated a need in which environments and environments must become agents with the capacity to interact with people and to allow both participants and administrators of the spaces a possibility to regulate people’s attitudes and evoke activating or relaxing behaviors. The objective of the work proposed here is to design and build an instrumentation and control system recording the environmental conditions of the environment and generate an auditory and visual stimulus, as a regulatory agent of the environment, with elements of the IoT with robust and accessible technology for the integration of systems for monitoring and control online and also its autonomous operation.Item Efectividad de un programa de educación en neurociencia respecto a tratamiento convencional sobre dolor, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional en adultos con dolor oncológico. Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Ordoñez Mora, Leidy Tatiana; Rosero Rosero, Ilem Dayana (Directora); Guil Bozal, Rocío (Directora)One of the symptoms related to cancer, which is often difficult to control, is pain. The prevalence of this symptomatology ranges between 20 and 60%. Regarding intervention options, they range from pharmacological modulation to the use of physical means (cold, electrotherapy), as well as the practice of physical exercise as a modulation mechanism. Previous research has established recommendations for the inclusion of educational interventions in palliative care. In this sense, pain neuroscience education (PNE) is a pain modulation strategy that has gained strength in the last decade. However, research is needed to examine its effectiveness in modulating cancer pain. Therefore, we sought to analyze the effectiveness of a neuroscience education program compared to conventional treatment on pain, quality of life, and functional capacity in adults with cancer pain. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out with two groups: one corresponding to PNE, where participants carried out an intervention of nine sessions of 30 minutes each, added to conventional management; the second group only received conventional management as estimated by the treating physician. Sixty-six adults with the presence of cancer pain were included. Based on the initial evaluation, a randomization process was carried out, assigning 33 participants to each group. There was an external evaluator with the objective of generating blindness. The result was that an education program in pain neuroscience compared to conventional treatment can be effective for adults with cancer pain, generating statistically significant changes in pain intensity, pain impact, central sensitization, and biopsychosocial changes such as depression, kinesiophobia, catastrophism, and quality of life. Changes were found in the physical function variables at the level of aerobic capacity. Future interventions should continue with a personalized protocol that allows for patient feedback and incorporates educational processes within palliative care units.