Medicina Veterinaria

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https://usc.scimago.es/handle/20.500.12421/4299

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Precisión diagnóstica del hemograma automatizado y el frotis de sanguíneo en la detección de anemia hemolítica inmunomediada en perros: revisión sistemática
(2026-05-28) Gómez Bravo, Herli Yurani; William Correa, Nelson (Director)
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is one of the most serious hematological conditions in dogs, characterized by antibody-mediated destruction of red blood cells. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the automated complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood smear (PBS) in dogs with IMHA, following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, among others) were searched with a time restriction of 2013–2025 and limited to Spanish, English, and Portuguese publications. Of 20 initially identified studies, 10 met the eligibility criteria. Results show that the automated CBC is essential for quantifying anemia severity and regenerative response through parameters such as PCV/hematocrit and reticulocyte count, although it lacks specificity to confirm an immune-mediated origin when used alone. The PBS complements this limitation through the detection of significant spherocytosis and persistent autoagglutination; these findings are supported by quantitative sensitivity and specificity data. Of the included studies, 83.3% reported combined use of both tests as a diagnostic criterion. However, incorporation of the evaluated parameters into the reference standard generated incorporation bias, limiting formal calculation of consolidated diagnostic accuracy. It is concluded that the sequential integration of the automated CBC and PBS constitutes the most efficient and cost-effective initial strategy for the presumptive diagnosis of IMHA in dogs; a three-phase diagnostic algorithm based on the reviewed evidence is proposed.
Abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico del Síndrome de Addison en caninos: Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-25) Pantoja Rodriguez, Jose William ; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)
Addison’s disease or canine hypoadrenocorticism is an uncommon endocrinopathy characterized by deficient secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, leading to metabolic and electrolyte disturbances of variable severity. This systematic review aimed to identify the diagnostic criteria and the most effective therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of Addison’s disease in dogs. A structured literature search was conducted across scientific databases following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 studies addressing diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of the disease were included. The results demonstrated that the ACTH stimulation test remains the diagnostic gold standard, while basal cortisol measurement and the sodium-to-potassium ratio serve as complementary tools for clinical suspicion and initial screening. Regarding treatment, the combination of desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) and prednisolone was associated with improved clinical and electrolyte control due to its ability to more consistently restore mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid homeostasis, reducing serum sodium and potassium variability and improving long-term clinical stability. In conclusion, early diagnosis and individualized treatment significantly improve prognosis and patient quality of life, highlighting the need to strengthen standardized evidence-based clinical protocols.
Prevalencia de bacterias de interés clínico veterinario en superficies de preparación y manipulación de alimentos en la cocina de un zoológico en Colombia, 2025
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-20) Loaiza Buitrago, Diana Fernanda; Salazar Sánchez, Vanessa; Duque Zapata, Juan Diego (Director); Peña Stadlin, Juliana (Director)
The presence of bacteria of veterinary clinical interest was assessed on food preparation surfaces and food handlers in the kitchen of a zoo in Colombia during 2025. The objective was to determine their prevalence and distribution in different areas. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving sampling of surfaces, utensils, and food handlers, followed by microbiological analysis using conventional techniques. The results revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli on surfaces, most frequently in the meat processing area, and a predominance of Staphylococcus spp. on food handlers. No Salmonella spp. were detected. It is concluded that conditions exist that favor the presence of microorganisms in the evaluated environment, with food handling standing out as a key factor in the dynamics of microbiological contamination.
Estrategias de manejo nutricional en perros con insuficiencia renal crónica y su impacto en la calidad de vida y el estado clínico
(Universidad Santiago De Cali, 2026-05-22) Almeida Hincapie, Sara Valentina ; Gutierrez, Juan David (Director)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of serious illness in dogs, affecting their health and life expectancy. Proper nutritional management plays a crucial role in improving their well-being and increasing their life expectancy. This descriptive and analytical study focuses on exploring how nutritional strategies can influence dogs with CKD. Its objective is to identify which dietary practices could improve their quality of life and delay disease progression. Through a detailed review of recent scientific studies, the specific nutritional needs of dogs with CKD will be analyzed, as well as the effectiveness of key nutrients such as protein, phosphorus, and essential fatty acids. It will also explore how these nutrients impact dogs' quality of life and kidney function, as well as the relationship between specialized diets and clinical signs of the disease, such as urinary problems. This research aims to provide valuable information for both veterinarians and pet owners, facilitating the implementation of dietary interventions that help treat CKD more effectively and improve dogs' long-term quality of life.
Efectos de la suplementación dietaria con curcumina sobre parámetros productivos en pollos de engorde: revisión sistémica
(2025-03-30) Rojas Mendoza, Daniela; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David (Director)
The poultry industry faces constant challenges related to variability and inefficiency in important production parameters, such as daily weight gain and feed conversion, which negatively impacts the sector's profitability. Due to this need, poultry producers have been tasked with seeking natural alternatives that contribute to the aforementioned parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence from the last ten years (2015-2025) on the effects of dietary curcumin supplementation in broiler chickens, in order to determine its impact. A systematic review was conducted to identify, select, and compare studies and results that evaluated curcumin versus conventional diets. The results of the review indicated that curcumin represents a viable nutritional strategy to optimize performance. The majority of the reviewed literature reported an increase in daily weight gain (DWG) and an improvement in feed conversion (FC) in supplemented birds. However, the magnitude of this benefit was found to vary, critically depending on the form of supplementation (highly bioavailable formulations, such as nanocurcumin, being more effective) and the context in which the poultry were used. It was concluded that curcumin was established as a promising natural additive with high potential to strengthen the efficiency and profitability of the poultry production system. Formulation standardization is recommended to maximize its commercial impact.
Estrategias nutricionales del caballo criollo colombiano con síndrome metabólico equino: revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-03-30) Campo Martínez, Isabella; Perilla Amaya, Jorge (Director)
Nutrition is a determining factor in maintaining the health and performance of equines, especially in the Colombian Criollo Horse, a breed of great genetic and functional importance in the country. The inappropriate use of concentrates and supplements can cause metabolic and digestive imbalances, including insulin resistance, laminitis, and obesity, significantly affecting the well-being and performance of these animals. This study aimed to analyze nutritional strategies aimed at improving metabolic health and preventing disorders associated with energy excess in this breed. A narrative literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and based on recent scientific publications that addressed the effects of different feeding practices on equine metabolic physiology. The results showed that diets high in concentrate and low in fiber increased the risk of developing metabolic disorders, while forage-based diets favored digestive, endocrine, and muscular homeostasis. Furthermore, the need to establish nutritional guidelines adapted to the tropical context and physical activity of the Colombian Criollo Horse was identified. In conclusion, the research highlighted that equine nutrition should be understood as an essential component of overall health and not solely as a means of energy supply, promoting veterinary advice in the formulation of balanced diets that guarantee the well-being, performance, and sustainability of this species.
Alteraciones reproductivas en yeguas con disfunción de la pars intermedia de la glándula pituitaria (PPID)
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-22) Garcia Alvarez, Isabella; Perilla Amaya, Jorge (Director)
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), commonly known as equine Cushing’s syndrome, is a prevalent endocrinopathy in geriatric horses that significantly affects the reproductive health and efficiency of mares. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of PPID on reproductive function in aged mares through a documentary review of specialized scientific literature. Studies related to the pathophysiology of the disease, hormonal mechanisms involved, and their effects on estrous cycle regulation, conception, and embryonic survival were examined. Evidence indicates that the dopaminergic neurodegeneration characteristic of PPID leads to hypersecretion of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides, including ACTH, α-MSH, and β-endorphin, resulting in metabolic, immunological, and endocrine alterations. These changes disrupt the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, leading to irregular estrous cycles, anovulatory follicles, decreased conception rates, early embryonic loss, and increased susceptibility to persistent endometritis. Additionally, insulin resistance and equine metabolic syndrome associated with PPID contribute to alterations in follicular dynamics and reduced oocyte quality. In conclusion, PPID represents a major factor in the reproductive decline of geriatric mares, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency, animal welfare, and the sustainability of equine breeding systems.
Revisión sistemática sobre las causas, diagnostico y tratamiento de la dermatofitosis en felinos (2020 - 2025)
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-26) Valdez Cabrera , Diana Carolina; Ospina, Carlos Adrián (Director)
La dermatofitosis felina es una micosis superficial que representa un reto persistente en la medicina veterinaria por su alta contagiosidad, potencial zoonótico y resistencia ambiental. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre los factores etiológicos, métodos diagnósticos, tratamientos antifúngicos y estrategias de control ambiental relacionados con esta enfermedad en gatos. Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA 2020 para seleccionar estudios relevantes en bases de datos como Scopus, Science Direct y PubMed, priorizando investigaciones en español e inglés, centradas en felinos domésticos y en refugios. Los resultados indican que, si bien técnicas tradicionales como el cultivo micológico siguen siendo un estándar en el diagnóstico, herramientas moleculares como la PCR ofrecen mayor precisión y rapidez diagnóstica. En cuanto al tratamiento, se evidenció un uso predominante de itraconazol y terbinafina, aunque con reportes crecientes de resistencia por parte de Microsporum canis. Asimismo, la falta de estandarización en los protocolos de desinfección ambiental representa una brecha crítica en el manejo preventivo. Esta revisión destaca la necesidad de enfoques integrales, diagnósticos modernos y estrategias terapéuticas adaptadas al contexto clínico actual. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones directas para la salud pública y la medicina veterinaria en el marco del enfoque “Una Salud”.
Impacto de la nutrición mineral en la reproducción de las hembras bovinas en Colombia: Un enfoque sistemático
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-26) Peñaranda Sánchez, Sara; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director)
Mineral nutrition plays a fundamental role in the reproductive efficiency of female cattle, as macro and microminerals are involved in essential physiological processes such as ovulation, fertilization, and embryonic development. In Colombia, mineral deficiencies represent a recurrent issue, particularly in production systems where pastures exhibit low concentrations of key elements such as calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc and selenium. The purpose of this study was to analyze, based on published scientific information, the impact of mineral nutrition on reproductive parameters in female cattle through a systematic literature review. To achieve this, specialized databases, including: Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scielo were consulted, selecting studies published between 2025 and 2025 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The findings indicate that proper mineral supplementation significantly improves conception rates, estrus expression, uterine involution, and embryonic viability. Conversely, deficiencies in minerals such as copper and selenium were associated with infertility, abortions, delayed puberty, and repeat breeding. In conclusion, mineral nutrition is established a key factor for optimizing bovine reproduction, and its proper management contributes to enhancing the sustainability and profitability of Colombian livestock production.
Evaluación de pruebas de laboratorio accesibles y efectivas para el diagnóstico de leptospirosis en zonas rurales con limitado acceso a agua potable. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026) Clavijo Cedano, Angelika Maria; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)
This systematic review aimed to analyze the effectiveness and accessibility of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in resource-limited rural communities. A search of databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 125 records, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively. Six were systematic reviews and 27 were empirical studies, covering research in humans and animals. The findings show the predominant use of the MAT (Microscopic Agglutination Test), ELISA, PCR, and newer molecular methodologies such as qPCR, RPA, and microfluidic-based PCR, which have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in rural settings. However, there remains a significant reliance on MAT and ELISA due to their low cost and availability, despite their diagnostic limitations in early stages. The studies also highlight structural factors such as a lack of infrastructure, technical training, and funding as barriers to the implementation of molecular tests in rural areas. In the animal sector, research shows a correlation between the presence of Leptospira spp. in reservoirs (rodents, cattle, bats) and its incidence in humans. Overall, the evidence demonstrates significant progress in diagnostic innovation, although the need remains for technology transfer strategies and strengthening of rural health systems to improve early detection and epidemiological control of leptospirosis.
Cambios en los patrones de alimentación de origen antropogénico en Dasyprocta punctata y su influencia en la calidad nutricional y en la dispersión de semillas, en un parque de Santiago de Cali, Colombia
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Escobar Sanchez, Heidy Vanessa; Zapata Molano, Laura Sofia; Casilimas Cabal, Jorge Alejandro (Director)
Dasyprocta punctata is a mammal native to South America that mainly inhabits forests and jungles; however, due to anthropogenic intervention, this species has demonstrated a remarkable ability to adapt to semi-urban environments with vegetation. The feeding behavior of D. punctata includes the practice of burying seeds during periods of food abundance, which if not recovered, usually germinate, contributing significantly to reforestation processes and making the species a key element in maintaining ecosystem balance. In Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, D. punctata can frequently be observed in areas close to water sources, where it finds shelter and food, however, human interaction has altered its environment and diet, for this reason, the present study was carried out in a city park, where it was evident that the inhabitants of the sector usually provide food to individuals of the species. During the research period, observations were made at different times of the day in order to identify the periods of greatest activity of D. punctata, its interaction with other species and the food provided, in order to evaluate its nutritional quality. In parallel, a questionnaire was applied to people in the area with prior knowledge of the species. The results show that the food provided mainly includes Solanum tuberosum (brown potato), Solanum lycopersycum (tomato) and Daucus carota (carrot). Although there are no detailed studies on the natural diet of the species, it was determined that these foods lack the essential nutrients for D. punctata. In addition, much of the available food is in poor condition or in the process of decomposition, which could have an impact on the health and behavior of individuals of the species. This inadequate diet not only compromises their well-being, but could also interfere with the natural process of zoochory that they perform, altering the balance of the ecosystem and the region in the future.
Evaluación de SDMA vs creatinina en la detección temprana de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) en gatos
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-25) Cardona Popo, Diana Marcela; Ospina, Carlos Adrian (Director)
Kidney disease (KD) is a prevalent condition in geriatric cats, and early diagnosis is crucial to improving prognosis. However, the traditional biomarker for diagnosis, serum creatinine, has limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) versus creatinine for the early detection of kidney damage in cats, analyzing studies published between 2020 and 2025. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted in multiple databases, selecting 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results consistently demonstrated that SDMA is a more sensitive and specific biomarker than creatinine for identifying KD in its early stages (IRIS I and II), rising with a 25-40% loss of renal function. In addition, SDMA is not influenced by muscle mass, making it more reliable in geriatric or cachectic cats. However, in complex clinical scenarios, such as urethral obstruction or acute kidney injury, both markers showed similar utility. It is concluded that SDMA is superior for early detection, complementing, but not completely replacing, creatinine. Its routine incorporation into feline diagnostic profiles is recommended, although further longitudinal studies are required to standardize its use and evaluate its actual clinical impact.
Detección de parásitos gastrointestinales en bovinos de pastoreo en pequeñas explotaciones ganaderas del Valle del Cauca en la raza Hartón del Valle
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-09) Alarcón Muñoz, Isabel Cristina; Vergara Amu, Natalia; Barbosa Vinasco, Hamilton Julián (Director)
The presence of gastrointestinal parasites is common in cattle, affecting their health and productivity. These parasitic infections are prevalent worldwide and are caused by nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. Various studies have been conducted worldwide to determine parasitic prevalence in cattle of different breeds. This study determined the prevalence of PGI in cattle on small farms in the Cauca Valley, specifically in the Hartón del Valle breed. A stratified random sampling study was conducted, in which fecal samples were taken from 200 cattle of different sexes and ages. The samples were processed using direct observation in fortis and the general flotation technique with zinc sulfate, where the supernatant was observed under a microscope. A general prevalence of 16% was obtained, Finca el Agrado obtained 15.3%, and Hacienda La Cabaña 16.5%.
Determinacion de huevos de Toxocara canis en tres parques publicos de la ciudad de Cali
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Valencia Mesa, Stefania; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director); Cabrera, Carlos Emilio (Director)
Toxocariasis is a zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis, whose eggs eliminated in canine feces remain viable in the environment under favorable conditions, representing a public health risk. This study aimed to determine the presence of T. canis eggs in three public parks in the city of Cali and to evaluate their relationship with soil physicochemical variables (pH and humidity), in addition to exploring social factors associated with pet ownership. A total of 150 soil samples (50 per park) were collected through systematic sampling and processed using the zinc sulfate flotation technique. Additionally, 90 surveys were applied to park users. Statistical analyses showed an overall positivity of 41.3%, with a significant association between egg presence and more acidic soil pH (p < 0.001) and intermediate humidity levels (p = 0.003). Environmental stratashowed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Surveys revealed that 58.9% of respondents were unaware of the zoonosis, 45.6% always collected their pets' feces, and 40% perceived park cleanliness as "fair." These findings suggest that the persistence of T. canis eggs depends on environmental factors rather than on community perception, highlighting the need for strengthened educational programs, environmental management strategies, and integrated control actions within the One Health framework.
Aplicación subcutánea del gel de “Aloe vera Barbadensis Miller” en el precierre quirúrgico de ovariohisterectomía para la aceleración de la cicatrización
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-03-26) Montoya Ceballos, Hernán David; Montoya Molina, Alicia; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando (Director)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of Aloe Vera (Barbadensis Miller) gel applied subcutaneously in the surgical closure of ovariohysterectomy in dogs. An experimental design was used with 12 dogs, divided into 3 groups: subcutaneous protocol, topical protocol, and control protocol. For 10 days, variables such as color, swelling, exudate, presence of scab, wound length, and percentage of closure were observed. These variables were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test – Wallis test. Although the individual statistical results did not show significant progress in wound healing, the variables as a whole demonstrated a significant contribution to wound healing, both in subcutaneous and topical use.
Composición de la microbiota intestinal en perros clínicamente sanos: Revisión sistemática de literatura científica
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-04-21) Vélez Victoria, Vanessa ; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David (Director)
The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in canine health, with functions across various systems such as digestion, vitamin synthesis, immune modulation, protection against pathogens, and more. The present systematic review aimed to analyze the composition and microbial diversity in dogs without apparent clinical alterations, as well as to identify the main factors influencing these colonies within intestinal and systemic balance. A descriptive investigation was carried out based on recent scientific literature, using a qualitative approach supported by studies related to the topic. The results showed that the predominant bacterial phyla in dogs with no apparent clinical issues were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, each with specific roles related to fiber fermentation, short-chain fatty acid production, and immune system modulation. Additionally, the presence of archaea, fungi, viruses, and protozoa was identified as part of the intestinal ecosystem. Factors such as age, diet, genetics, environment, and lifestyle were closely associated with the diversity and stability of the microbiota. The review concluded that establishing a reference microbial composition allows for more accurate detection of imbalances (dysbiosis) and the implementation of effective preventive or therapeutic strategies. This information is essential for the development of individualized approaches in preventive veterinary medicine and for the overall well-being of companion animals.
Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal Canina (EIIC): Factores patogénicos, características clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-09) Garcés Ortega, Catalina; Torres Lagos, Néstor Raúl (Director)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in canines is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with a multifactorial etiology involving abnormal immune response, alterations in the microbiota, genetic predisposition and environmental influences. This systematic review allows us to analyze current advances in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies that are available for the management of IBD chronic in canines. Articles with relevant studies were collected from indexed scientific databases, selecting only those that met methodological criteria of high rigor. Diagnostic approaches; histopathological, serological and molecular, as well as emerging treatments including immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics and specialized diets with probiotics are presented. This review contributes to a better understanding of canine EIIC and provides guidelines for optimizing its diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Influencia de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en la selección del protocolo anestésico en caninos geriátricos en Santiago de Cali
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-04-13) Buitrago Zapata, Hilary; Peña Osorio, Karen Andrea; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando (Director)
This project analyzes the influence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the selection of anesthetic protocols used in geriatric dogs in Santiago de Cali. Twenty veterinary clinics with surgical services were surveyed, of which 12 authorized the use of the information, providing real data on the anesthetic management of this population. The respondents reported that the patients included in the study were geriatric dogs with a prior diagnosis of CKD, undergoing various low- and medium-complexity surgical procedures. The results show that propofol is the most frequently used induction anesthetic agent, within multimodal protocols that generally include midazolam, opioids, and inhalational agents such as isoflurane. Notably, all of the veterinarians reported having at some point refused a surgical procedure because the patient was a geriatric dog with CKD, reflecting the high perceived risk in this population. Furthermore, it was observed that the most frequently requested preoperative tests are complete blood count and serum biochemistry, even though more comprehensive testing—including sensitive biomarkers such as SDMA—would allow for safer anesthetic decisions and improve the quality of life of these patients, especially in routine procedures such as dental prophylaxis. Although information is available on anesthetic management in geriatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), surgical procedures are still declined due to a perceived high risk, highlighting the need to strengthen clinical confidence and integrate more comprehensive diagnostic tools. It is concluded that individualizing the anesthetic protocol, adequate assessment of renal status, and rigorous monitoring are essential to improve safety and postoperative recovery. This study provides valuable local evidence and establishes practical recommendations to optimize the anesthetic approach in geriatric canines with chronic kidney disease.
Comparación de efectos adversos, seguridad y eficacia del CBD y los AINEs, como meloxicam y ketoprofeno en el manejo del dolor agudo en perros postquirúrgicos: revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-13) Murcia Gómez, Daniela; Correa Toro, Nelson William (Director)
Overcoming insufficient analgesia in canine postoperative care requires rigorously quantifying the benefit-risk ratio of cannabidiol compared to meloxicam and ketoprofen. This systematic review evaluates pain using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale and the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CMPS-SF and CBPI), analgesic rescue, and hepatorenal safety, which supports its relevance in veterinary medicine. Forty-five studies were included in which meloxicam showed consistent pain reduction at 24–48 h and lower rescue, with moderate overall certainty; ketoprofen showed transdermal bioavailability ≈7% and attenuation of inflammation, although with limited clinical outcomes (low certainty); the only post-TPLO canine RCT with CBD/CBDA (2–5 mg/kg/12 h for 4 weeks) did not demonstrate clinically relevant benefit, while mechanistic signals suggest sedation and possible opioid savings without sustained analgesia, in a context of elevated ALP/ALT, especially when co-administered with NSAIDs. Heterogeneity between isolates, full-spectrum extracts, and vehicle matrices conditioned early exposure and explains part of the imprecision of the effect. In applied terms, meloxicam is positioned as a pillar of multimodal protocols with regional anesthesia; transdermal ketoprofen emerges as an alternative when gastrointestinal risk limits the oral route; and CBD is reserved as an adjuvant under monitoring and in clinical research.
Nutrición funcional en caninos: una revisión del uso de aditivos dietéticos y su impacto en la salud animal
(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Jiménez Pantoja, Isabela; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director); Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)
Functional nutrition in veterinary medicine has gained increasing relevance as a strategy to optimize the health and quality of life of canines, beyond conventional nutrition. This systematic review aimed to analyze the use of dietary additives in functional nutrition for dogs and evaluate their impact on different aspects of animal health, based on 19 articles published between 2023 and 2025. Of these, 13 correspond to 2024, reflecting a research boom on the topic, while literature reviews predominate in 2025, consolidating emerging knowledge. The countries with the highest scientific production were China, Italy, and the United States. The dietary additives evaluated included prebiotics (inulin, FOS, MOS), probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium), natural antioxidants, and functional fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6). Evidence shows positive effects on gut microbiota modulation, reduction of oxidative stress, strengthening of immunity, improvement in nutrient digestibility, and skin health. However, these studies present methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, heterogeneity in experimental designs, and short follow-up periods, making it difficult to generalize the findings. While the most promising results relate to the use of probiotics and antioxidants, gaps persist regarding the definition of safe doses, long-term evaluation, and adaptation of strategies according to life stages (puppies, adults, and geriatrics). It is concluded that functional nutrition through dietary additives constitutes a promising alternative in veterinary clinical practice, but requires more robust and standardized research to ensure its efficacy and safety.

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