Medicina Veterinaria
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Item El enriquecimiento ambiental y su efectividad en zoológicos y centros de recepción de fauna silvestre en Latinoamérica: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Mina Escobar, Melisa Andrea; Guzmán Salinas, Tatiana; Casilimas Cabal, Jorge Alejandro (Director)Environmental enrichment is a fundamental, necessary and valuable resource for all animals under human care, since it contributes to improve their health and welfare, through the implementation of activities or modifications in the environment that allow an individual to express behaviors typical of its species. Wild animals under professional care require to a greater extent the application of different types of enrichment such as nutritional, sensory, structural and social, in order to reduce their stress levels, and consequently, reduce the presentation of stereotypies and infectious diseases due to immunosuppression. This paper focuses on a literature review on the mentioned subject, investigating the environmental enrichment protocols implemented by different zoos and wildlife reception centers in Latin America, contrasting the degree of effectiveness and the impact they have had on the welfare of the animals. Methodologically, information was collected from scientific articles obtained through different databases and then the information was analyzed to identify in which taxonomic groups more research is reported, which types of environmental enrichment are the most implemented, which strategies or enrichment agents are the most used and which of them have had a positive response from the animals. The purpose of this work is to serve as a reference for the design of environmental enrichment protocols or programs, and additionally, to identify the gaps in knowledge on the subject.Item Eficacia y rapidez en la cicatrización de heridas con miel de abejas en caninos y felinos. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Monroy Morales, Karen Andrea; Restrepo Santamaría, Nicolle; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)The use of honey in veterinary medicine has been experiencing a boom in recent years. However, research on the benefits of this substance is recent and scarce in relation to others. The present review aimed to compile and analyze the most recent articles available, in order to verify the efficacy of honey in the treatment and recovery of wounds in dogs and cats. To select the articles, parameters of language, year of publication and concordance with the main objective were established. Keywords such as honey, wound, dogs, cats and healing were used. The search was performed in four databases. The selected publications were systematized in a matrix, which allowed for a rigorous analysis of the data, as well as a The selected publications were systematized in a matrix, which allowed a rigorous analysis of the data, as well as contrasting and classifying the information. The results indicate that honey possesses physicochemical properties with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and regenerative potential, which makes it a therapeutic option for the treatment of wounds. Although some commercial pharmaceuticals may show greater efficacy in certain aspects, honey stands out as an economical and effective alternative. Moreover, when combined with other substances, its therapeutic effect is enhanced, improving results compared to its isolated use. In addition, when combined with other substances, its therapeutic effect is enhanced, improving the results compared to its isolated use. Even so, honey alone has been shown to be effective in the healing and scarring of lesions, providing positive results in different veterinary contexts. This work suggests that future research is needed to validate with greater scientific rigor its use and explore its potential in the development of innovative treatments in veterinary medicine.Item Evaluación del bienestar animal en una fundación al oriente de Cali, mediante el marco de las cinco libertades.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Márquez Orozco, María Camila; López Reyes, Alejandra; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Animal welfare is defined as the state of harmony between the environment and the animal's response. For its evaluation, five freedoms have been established as the foundation for respect and progress in this field. The objective of this study was to evaluate welfare conditions in a foundation according to the standards of the five freedoms framework. The methodology involved creating a checklist to assess animal welfare at the Comedog Foundation during the current year. This evaluation system assigns a maximum score of 20% to each freedom, totaling 100%, which standardizes the measurement of animal welfare across different contexts. The results showed that the foundation achieved 10% in "Free from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition" (50% of the maximum score for this freedom), 10% in "Free from fear and distress" (50%), 13% in "Free from physical and thermal discomfort" (65%), 16% in "Free from pain, injury, and disease" (80%), and 12% in "Free to express natural behavior" (60%). Overall, the foundation scored 1,325 points, equivalent to 66%, classifying it within the High Animal Welfare level. The results indicate that, while the foundation maintains an acceptable level of animal welfare, there are specific areas that could be improved to achieve a more comprehensive fulfillment of the five freedoms.Item Enfermedad periodontal en perros: Identificación de etapas, tratamiento y prevención: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Salcedo Alarcón, Nallely; Chaves Obando, María Camila; Londoño Rojas, Andrea; Guarin Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most frequent causes of dental disease in dogs, because it is a pathology produced by an accumulation of bacterial plaque, which initially produces gingivitis and later irreversible damage such as periodontitis. Periodontal disease is an alteration that is normally not considered by the guardians, causing irreversible damage at the oral level and provoking cardiac, hepatic and/or renal diseases. Taking this into account, it is important to be able to evaluate in which stage of the disease the animal is, to be able to give adequate treatment and then continue with prevention to avoid future relapses and diseases. It is proposed as a methodology to compile and review scientific publications that gather information about periodontal disease, its stages, treatment and prevention. This research article aims to identify the main causes of periodontal disease, identify the stages that can occur in dogs and offer treatments according to their stage; it also highlights the importance of prevention of periodontal disease to avoid complications laterItem Uso de la acupuntura tradicional y electro acupuntura como tratamiento para el manejo del dolor en caninos y felinos: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Cobo Capote Jessica Juliana; ; Delgado Diago Geraldine; Guarin Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Acupuncture and electroacupuncture have been proposed as effective complementary techniques for pain management in veterinary medicine. However, in Colombia, their use has been limited due to the lack of local scientific evidence and the scarce specialized training in these techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in canines and felines, comparing them with conventional medicine in the treatment of pain. A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed, reviewing studies published between 2019 and 2024. Studies were selected from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus and Sage Journals, using inclusion criteria that focused on research on acupuncture applied to pain management in pets and studies conducted with non-conventional animals. Papers that did not meet the methodological standards required for this study were excluded. The results revealed that acupuncture and electroacupuncture are effective and promising techniques for the treatment of chronic, neuropathic and post-surgical pain in canines and felines. These therapies were successful in most studies in reducing pain through the stimulation of specific anatomical acupuncture points. However, the need to develop more research in Colombia to study this complementary medicine in a local context was highlighted, since the extent of its efficiency is still not very clear and there is a need for clinical studies with a more representative samplingItem Importancia clinica en el diagnostico de mastocitoma cutaneo canino: revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Calderon Vallejo Evelin Tatiana; Ocampo Torres Jessica; Guarin Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Mastocytomas are neoplasias generated by the abnormal proliferation of mast cells, classified as the most common hematopoietic neoplasia in dogs. There are breeds that are predisposed to this pathology and it is usually associated with geriatric animals. There are no studies that accurately demonstrate incidence according to sex. This work reviews the literature on the diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytoma in canines, its casuistry, clinical signs, treatment and diagnostic methods, in which we find the Patnai method to classify the histological stage and the kiupel method that allows us to know the degree at which it can remain (high or low)Item Manejo terapéutico para ehrlichiosis monocítica canina: revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Fernández Rueda, María Del Mar; Vásquez González, Michelle; Gil Aranzazu, César Hernando (Director)Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Ehrlichia canis, transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This disease affects dogs of any age, breed, or gender and is prevalent in various regions of the world, including Colombia. Currently, there are several therapeutic approaches to address CME, including both traditional antibiotic treatments, with doxycycline being the most effective, followed by options such as rifampicin, minocycline, and azithromycin, as well as innovative alternative therapeutic options like plant extracts and homeopathic therapies. Additionally, for disease prevention, strategies are employed to control the biological vector, such as the use of essential oils and biological agents. This review aims to provide veterinary professionals with updated information on best practices for the prevention and treatment of CME, in order to reduce its prevalence and increase the life expectancy of affected dogsItem Evaluación del cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas de manufactura en el trapiche “PRONACOL S.A” corregimiento la herradura, palmira(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Arce Tigreros, Maria Alejandra; Velasquez Herrera, Daniela; Rivera Sandra (Director)Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) are a set of principles and guidelines that must be followed in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries to ensure the quality, safety, and hygiene of manufactured products and to reduce risks in the production and marketing chain. The company “PRONACOL S.A.” located in the La Herradura district in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca, has the social objective of producing, distributing, and marketing high-quality and 100% natural panela. However, it has not implemented a quality management system in accordance with the current Colombian regulations and does not meet the requirements stipulated in the Good Manufacturing Practices program. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices in this company through a diagnosis of the current process, which included a visual audit of the plant guided by Resolution 779 of 2006. This audit determined that the company does not meet the requirements established by the regulations, obtaining a score of 42.79%, which is low considering that the standard establishes a minimum compliance of 60%. The main deficiencies identified were the poor condition of the infrastructure and the lack of implementation of a quality system. Additionally, through the services of an external laboratory, the microbiological quality of the panela production process was evaluated, finding counts of aerobic mesophiles exceeding 100 CFU/swab. Tests were conducted in two laboratories where a level of discrepancy was found in the results of tests for the presence of microorganisms in the cane, ground cane, and finished product such as panela, highlighting the need for a thorough review of the testing procedures in both laboratories. It is crucial to investigate the causes of this discrepancy to improve the quality and accuracy of microbiological tests. Through this project, “PRONACOL S.A.” will be able to identify and correct areas of non- compliance, improve its manufacturing processes, and obtain INVIMA certification. This will not only allow for the national commercialization of its panela but also contribute to public health improvement by reducing the risk of Foodborne Diseases (FBDs)Item Variación en los niveles de cortisol en felinos domésticos asociado a enriquecimiento ambiental: revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Chacón Viteri, Juliana; Diaz Caycedo, Mariana; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is known as a stress marker or “stress hormone” in both humans and animals; the domestic cat is one of the most sensitive animals to changes in their environment (internal or external), being subjected to stressful situations more easily. The objective of this review project is to gather information on the analysis of cortisol levels in shelters with domestic cats; cortisol is a substance produced by the adrenal glands, it is a crucial hormone in the response to stress that also participates in the regulation of metabolism and has immunological functions. In accordance with the above and considering that cats have undergone a different domestication process than dogs (where they have tried to keep their instincts intact), it is important to evaluate whether the environment provided in shelters influences the levels of the aforementioned hormone. It is proposed as a research methodology to gather and analyze scientific publications that gather information on the proposed topic; it is expected that the results of this review will help to identify whether the environment and lifestyle of cats can favor their response to stress by directly relating to cortisol levelsItem Uretrostomía pre púbica en felinos domésticos como una alternativa de tratamiento quirúrgico para obstrucciones uretrales post uretrostomia perineal revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Zorrilla Aragón Juan Camilo; Pipicano Rodríguez, Isabella; Londoño Rojas, Andrea (Director)It is taken into account that male felines, due to their lower urinary tract anatomy, have a greater predisposition to suffer from obstructive diseases that are directly associated with sediments, stones, tumors, stenosis, among others, which has led veterinary doctors to opt for Surgicalalternatives to improve quality of life, perineal urethrostomy is a treatment option, however it usually presents some complications, which result in surgical reinterventions such as prepubic urethrostomy. The general objective of this literary review is to identify how prepubic urethrostomy can be an alternative to surgical treatment for the correction of a failed perineal urethrostomy, where indexed literature, review articles, databases such as scopus, sciencedirect, among others, will be reviewed; where post-pelvic urethrostomy is suggested, as the first alternative to correct the initial failed intervention or with complications, but this alternative is difficult to access since it must also intervene in the orthopedic area, prepubic urethrostomy is an option In practice, although it may present complications such as scald dermatitis, incontinence and stenosis, it is usually used as a definitive treatment in case the obstruction persists and treatment is exhausted due to the complications that may arise