Medicina Veterinaria
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Item Comparación de efectos adversos, seguridad y eficacia del CBD y los AINEs, como meloxicam y ketoprofeno en el manejo del dolor agudo en perros postquirúrgicos: revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-13) Murcia Gómez, Daniela; Correa Toro, Nelson William (Director)Overcoming insufficient analgesia in canine postoperative care requires rigorously quantifying the benefit-risk ratio of cannabidiol compared to meloxicam and ketoprofen. This systematic review evaluates pain using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale and the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CMPS-SF and CBPI), analgesic rescue, and hepatorenal safety, which supports its relevance in veterinary medicine. Forty-five studies were included in which meloxicam showed consistent pain reduction at 24–48 h and lower rescue, with moderate overall certainty; ketoprofen showed transdermal bioavailability ≈7% and attenuation of inflammation, although with limited clinical outcomes (low certainty); the only post-TPLO canine RCT with CBD/CBDA (2–5 mg/kg/12 h for 4 weeks) did not demonstrate clinically relevant benefit, while mechanistic signals suggest sedation and possible opioid savings without sustained analgesia, in a context of elevated ALP/ALT, especially when co-administered with NSAIDs. Heterogeneity between isolates, full-spectrum extracts, and vehicle matrices conditioned early exposure and explains part of the imprecision of the effect. In applied terms, meloxicam is positioned as a pillar of multimodal protocols with regional anesthesia; transdermal ketoprofen emerges as an alternative when gastrointestinal risk limits the oral route; and CBD is reserved as an adjuvant under monitoring and in clinical research.Item Nutrición funcional en caninos: una revisión del uso de aditivos dietéticos y su impacto en la salud animal(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Jiménez Pantoja, Isabela; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director); Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Functional nutrition in veterinary medicine has gained increasing relevance as a strategy to optimize the health and quality of life of canines, beyond conventional nutrition. This systematic review aimed to analyze the use of dietary additives in functional nutrition for dogs and evaluate their impact on different aspects of animal health, based on 19 articles published between 2023 and 2025. Of these, 13 correspond to 2024, reflecting a research boom on the topic, while literature reviews predominate in 2025, consolidating emerging knowledge. The countries with the highest scientific production were China, Italy, and the United States. The dietary additives evaluated included prebiotics (inulin, FOS, MOS), probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium), natural antioxidants, and functional fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6). Evidence shows positive effects on gut microbiota modulation, reduction of oxidative stress, strengthening of immunity, improvement in nutrient digestibility, and skin health. However, these studies present methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, heterogeneity in experimental designs, and short follow-up periods, making it difficult to generalize the findings. While the most promising results relate to the use of probiotics and antioxidants, gaps persist regarding the definition of safe doses, long-term evaluation, and adaptation of strategies according to life stages (puppies, adults, and geriatrics). It is concluded that functional nutrition through dietary additives constitutes a promising alternative in veterinary clinical practice, but requires more robust and standardized research to ensure its efficacy and safety.Item SDMA y biomarcadores emergentes en enfermedad renal crónica en perros y gatos: revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-03-30) Jimenez Lozano, Sebastian; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats, particularly among geriatric animals, where prevalence can reach up to 30- 40% in cats older than 15 years. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve prognosis, yet traditional biomarkers such as creatinine and urea lack sensitivity in the initial stages of the disease, requiring 65-75% loss of renal function before showing diagnostic elevations. This systematic review aims to analyze current scientific evidence on the use of emerging biomarkers for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of CKD in small animals. Findings indicate that symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) shows greater sensitivity than creatinine in detecting early renal dysfunction, identifying glomerular filtration rate (GFR) losses of 25-40%, which represents a diagnostic window of up to 17 months in cats with naturally occurring CKD. Similarly, cystatin C (CysC), in both plasma and urinary forms, has demonstrated superior diagnostic capability, with reported sensitivities between 79.7% and 98.4%, and specificities reaching 100% in some studies. Neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for detecting tubular renal damage, allowing identification of renal lesions before clinical signs become evident. The combined use of plasma and urinary biomarkers appears to be a more effective strategy for detecting and monitoring CKD, as it provides a more comprehensive assessment of renal function encompassing both glomerular filtration and tubular integrity. Nevertheless, further research is needed to standardize measurement techniques and validate their applicability in diverse veterinary clinical contexts. Extrarenal factors such as comorbidities, systemic inflammation, and medication use may influence biomarker interpretation, underscoring the need for comprehensive clinical evaluation. In conclusion, emerging biomarkers, particularly SDMA and cystatin C, represent promising tools to complement traditional assays in the early diagnosis and monitoring of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats, contributing to improved quality of life and patient prognosis through early implementation of nephroprotective interventions.Item Manejo nutricional en caninos en UCI: protocolos actuales y su relación con complicaciones metabólicas; revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Quiñones Acosta, Laura Isabella ; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)This systematic review evaluated nutritional management protocols in ICU canine patients and their association with metabolic complications. Evidence demonstrates that early enteral nutrition (<24 hours of hospitalization) constitutes the optimal strategy, reducing infectious complications compared to parenteral nutrition. The main metabolic alterations identified include hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, associated with excessive dextrose infusion, lipoprotein lipase dysfunction due to systemic inflammation, and iatrogenic lipid overload. Consequently, a clinical algorithm was developed that integrates: BCS/MCS assessment, stress-adjusted RER calculation (×1.2-1.5), gradual progression from 25-50% to 100% of RER over 72 hours, and strict monitoring of glucose (<180 mg/dL) and triglycerides (<150 mg/dL). Practical recommendations emphasize the use of protocolized insulin therapy, limitation of lipids in PN (<2.5 g/kg/day), and early transition to enteral route. Thus, the implementation of these standardized protocols improves clinical outcomes, although challenges in adherence and continuous monitoring persist.Item Análisis de la sensibilidad y especificidad de las pruebas diagnósticas para el FIV en gatos domésticos: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-25) Contreras Rubiano, Carolina; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a clinically and epidemiologically relevant retrovirus in domestic cats, and its timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for clinical management, transmission control, and therapeutic decision-making. However, the genetic variability of viral strains and the differences in the animals' immune response pose a constant challenge to the efficacy and reliability of available diagnostic tests. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the main molecular and serological tests used in FIV diagnosis, identifying their advantages, limitations, and clinical applicability. To this end, a comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, including articles published between 2015 and 2025. The search terms “Feline Immunodeficiency Virus,” “diagnostic tests,” “sensitivity,” “specificity,” and “cats” were used, combined with Boolean operators. Of the 630 records initially obtained, 25 studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria established according to the PRISMA guidelines. The results showed that ELISA and point-of-care (PoC) immunochromatographic serological tests had sensitivities between 94% and 100% and specificities greater than 98%, although their accuracy decreased in vaccinated cats or in early stages of infection. Molecular tests such as PCR, qPCR, RT-iiPCR, LAMP, and RHAM, on the other hand, demonstrated comparable or superior sensitivity and specificity, highlighting their confirmatory utility and their potential for using non-invasive samples, such as saliva or conjunctival swabs. Therefore, FIV diagnosis requires a combined approach that integrates serological and molecular methods, tailored to the clinical and epidemiological context. The incorporation of rapid, sensitive, and highly specific tests represents a key strategy to strengthen diagnostic accuracy and optimize the control of this disease in feline populations.Item Efectos adversos de la quimioterapia en caninos en una clínica veterinaria en la ciudad de Cali, durante el año 2023(2025-11-22) Cortés Hernández, Ginna Andrea; Valencia Aragón, Nathalia; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)The study of this research is intended to analyze the adverse effects of chemotherapy in oncological canines treated with vincristine and doxorubicin in a veterinary clinic in the city of Cali in 2023, through a retrospective study where patients were selected by specific criteria and the availability of data, in this case 40 patients with different types of cancer were selected, such as lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and transmissible venereal tumor in different degrees. An analytical observational study is carried out where the most common adverse effects are identified such as gastrointestinal, hematological, and dermatological problems, gastrointestinal problems being the most recurrent such as emesis with 85% and diarrhea with 72.5%, among other basic factors that can cause a predisposition. The gender distribution is even, 50% females and 50% males, which allows us to analyze adverse effects without significant gender bias. Race and age play an important role, with mixed-race patients and those within the 8.5-year age range being more predisposed. All of these factors are key to designing preventive strategies to improve the quality of life of cancer patients during treatment.Item Relación entre la disbiosis intestinal y el desarrollo de las alergias alimentarias en perros, revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Rosales Jiménez, Ligia Nicole; Correa Toro, Nelson William (Director)The canine gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that plays essential roles in digestion, metabolism, and immune regulation. Under eubiosis, the main bacterial phyla contribute to homeostasis by producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which strengthen the epithelial barrier and promote the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes. However, factors such as antibiotic use, ultra-processed diets, and aging favor dysbiosis, characterized by a loss of microbial diversity, altered proportions of key taxa, and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. These changes are associated with the development of food allergies, mediated by exacerbated Th2 responses and inadequate IgA production. Recent studies show that diet, mode of delivery, and early microbial exposure significantly influence immune system maturation, supporting the hygiene hypothesis. Targeted therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and postbiotics, aim to restore the microbiota and induce immune tolerance. Understanding the interaction between microbiota and immunity allows for the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to improve intestinal health and well-being in dogs.Item Actualización en los avances en el manejo de la diabetes mellitus en perros: Evaluación de la terapia con insulina una vez al día (SID) – Seguridad, eficacia y calidad de vida. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Guevara Delgado, María Camila ; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando (Director)El médico inglés, Thomas Willis, describió por primera vez hace más de un siglo la diabetes mellitus (DM). Actualmente se clasifica como una enfermedad endocrina crónica, semejante a los humanos; esta enfermedad es caracterizada por la pérdida en masa de células ubicadas en los islotes pancreáticos, dando como resultados una producción o acción de insulina inadecuada (hipoglucemia, hiperglucemia o ambas). A raíz de lo anterior mencionado se presentan signos característicos cómo: poliuria, polidipsia, polifagia y pérdida repentina de peso. Como tratamiento médico se propone dos formas de abastecer la insulina al paciente, mediante una única dosis diaria (SID) o dos veces diarias (BID). (Canine Diabetes Mellitus - WSAVA2011 - VIN, s. f.). Siendo material de estudio la enfermedad crónica en los perros, se han presentado investigaciones desde el siglo pasado, sin embargo, en la actualidad a nivel nacional no se han demostrado los suficientes casos y estudios de soporte médico. Basado en lo anterior, se procede a inferir que se utilizarán artículos extranjeros y de mayor rango de tiempo superior a los 10 años de antigüedad, dada la complejidad de los estudios realizados sobre la diabetes mellitus.Item Caracterización epidemiológica de caninos y felinos infectados con nematodos: un análisis retrospectivo a partir de datos de una clínica veterinaria del municipio de Palmira-Valle(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-10) Hurtado Serna, Brahian Alexis; Barbosa Vinasco, Hamilton Julián (Director)Intestinal parasite infections in companion animals represent one of the main causes of gastrointestinal disease in the canine and feline population, with direct implications for public health. These zoonotic parasitic diseases affect both domestic animals and their owners due to the close contact between the two species. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of domestic dogs and cats infected with intestinal nematodes, treated at the El Arca veterinary clinic in the municipality of Palmira (Valle del Cauca) during 2024, and to identify the epidemiological factors associated with their occurrence. A quantitative, observational, and descriptive study was conducted, based on a retrospective analysis of medical records registered in the OkVet software. Medical records of dogs and cats were included, containing fecal examination results, demographic data, and complete clinical histories. The variables analyzed included species, breed, age, sex, reproductive status, and fecal examination results. Data were processed using absolute and relative frequencies, and the chisquare test was applied with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) using Jamovi software. During the study period, 706 patients were registered, of whom 130 medical records met the inclusion criteria. Of the valid fecal samples (n = 89), Ancylostoma sp. was identified in 38.6% of dogs and Cystoisospora sp. in 10.2% of cats. No parasitic infection was found in 46.6% of the animals. These findings indicated that canines were more susceptible to intestinal nematode infections, while felines showed a higher frequency of protozoa. The results confirmed the active circulation of Ancylostoma sp. The study, conducted in the canine population of Palmira, highlighted the need to strengthen coprological diagnostic programs, health education, and preventive deworming in the community. Furthermore, the proportion of clinical records lacking coprological results underscored the importance of improving clinical registration and follow-up processes in veterinary clinics. In conclusion, this study provided relevant epidemiological information on gastrointestinal parasitosis in companion animals in the municipality of Palmira, establishing a baseline for future research and control measures.Item Contaminación con Fumonisinas y Aflatoxinas en maíz para porcicultura: implicaciones en salud pública(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Rassa Pinto, Gabriela; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director); Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director)Mycotoxins, specifically fumonisins and aflatoxins, have represented a significant problem for swine production and public health, as they are frequently found in corn and its derivatives. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the most recent scientific literature related to the proliferation of mycotoxins in corn, their effects on swine health and productivity, the risks they pose to human consumers, and proposed mitigation strategies. To this end, a systematic review was conducted of twenty-five articles published between 2019 and 2025 in academic databases, which included both experimental and observational studies. The information obtained was organized into a matrix and subsequently classified into different thematic areas. The findings showed that the combination of high humidity and high temperatures, coupled with poor post-harvest handling, favors the proliferation of mycotoxins in grains. Furthermore, in pigs, prolonged exposure to these substances caused immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity, reproductive disorders, and a decrease in production indicators, even when the doses were subclinical. Regarding human health, bioaccumulation was identified in frequently consumed tissues, and potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects were noted, although epidemiological evidence remains limited. Finally, mitigation measures highlighted included the use of resistant varieties, the use of adsorbents in the diet, the proper application of agricultural practices, and the development of rapid detection technologies, the effectiveness of which still needs validation under field conditions. Thus, mycotoxins constitute a multidimensional problem that affects animal productivity, food safety, and public health. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen applied research and consolidate integrated prevention and surveillance policies.Item Perfil leucocitario característico del leucograma de estrés en gatos(Universidad santiago de cali, 2025-11-04) Benavides Rodriguez, Carolina; Vargas Camargo, Oscar Julián (Director)The main objective of this project is to determine the characteristics of the stress leukogram in cats, considering that, currently, not only is there less documentation on this hematological phenomenon compared to other species such as dogs, but certain variations in the leukocyte profile associated with stress have also been identified, which makes it difficult to standardize parameters and diagnoses. Similarly, this research is based on the understanding that stress, rather than state of mind, is a psychological and physiological response of feline organisms to factors considered threats or changes in their normal environment (Buffington & Bain, 2021). Therefore, the project aims to categorize the main characteristics found in the stress leukogram in cats through a qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional documentary review, in which the latest articles and clinical cases published on the subject in the last semester of 2024 were reviewed. Thus, the main findings of this article revealed that, despite the existence of different stressors, the hematological response of the cats studied coincided in the three studies analyzed, demonstrating that lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia are key factors in characterizing stress leukogram in domestic cats.Item Detección de parásitos intestinales con potencial zoonótico en hospedadores herbívoros silvestres cautivos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-05) Arboleda Franco, Catalina; Barbosa Vinasco, Hamilton Julián (Director); Peña Stadlin, Juliana (Directora)Intestinal parasite infections remain a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where their prevalence is high. In wildlife, these organisms gain importance due to their potential role as zoonotic reservoirs, especially in captivity or ecotourism-related settings. This study analyzed fecal samples from six captive herbivorous wildlife species at the Cali Zoo Foundation: plains zebra (Equus quagga), mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). Using direct smear, fecal flotation with Sheather’s solution, and PCR, Strongyloides spp. was identified in samples from zebra, deer, and antelope. Molecular analyses revealed prevalences of Blastocystis spp. (87.5%), Giardia spp. (75%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (37.5%). These findings confirm the presence of intestinal parasites with zoonotic potential in captive wildlife and highlight the importance of continuous health monitoring in managed wildlife populations.Item Intervenciones de fisioterapia para el manejo conservador y posquirúrgico de la lesión medular toracolumbar en caninos: revisión sistemática (2015-2025)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Dominguez Murillo, Juan Camilo; Barbosa Vinasco, Hamilton Julián (Director)Physiotherapy interventions for the conservative and post-surgical management of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury in canines, addressing a problem that significantly affects the quality of life of these animals, there is a need to identify which are the most effective physiotherapy practices to recover the patient's mobility. The objective was to analyze the physiotherapeutic protocols applied in the treatment of acute spinal cord trauma, focusing on motor functional recovery. A methodology based on the PRISMA guidelines was used, reviewing 27 studies published between 2015 and 2024 that evaluated various therapeutic modalities. The results indicated that techniques such as hydrotherapy, electrostimulation and early mobilization showed success rates of up to 90.4% in functional recovery. However, a lack of standardization in physiotherapy protocols was identified, which limited the ability of veterinarians to apply evidence-based treatments. The conclusions highlighted the need to develop specific and standardized clinical guidelines that consider the particularities of each case, as well as the importance of integrating physiotherapy into treatment plans from the early post-injury stages, to this end, an algorithm was proposed that serves as a guide for the approach to thoracolumbar trauma in canines according to the classification of the injury and the type of management.Item Efectos de la nutrición mineral sobre la integridad óseas en cerdas durante la gestación y lactancia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-03) Tobar Pino, Sonia Viviana; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David (Director); Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director)La revisión analizo la problemática de los efectos de la nutrición mineral sobre la integridad Oseas en cerdas durante la gestación y lactancia los cuales afectan la salud maternal, la mineralización ósea, la calidad del calostro y la viabilidad de los lechones. Tuvo como objetivo analizar las causas nutricionales relacionadas con la aparición de enfermedades óseas en cerdas asociadas a deficiencia de minerales, los efectos de diferentes estrategias nutricionales sobre el metabolismo, la inmunidad y el rendimiento reproductivo de las cerdas modernas. Se aplico la metodología PRISMA para la búsqueda y selección de estudios recientes que evaluaron la suplementación con minerales, vitaminas, probióticos, nucleótidos, ácidos grasos. Fibras y compuestos funcionales en dietas para cerdas gestantes y lactantes. Los resultados abordaron que la restricción de calcio y fosforo afecto la mineralización ósea, mientras que su adecuada suplementación mejoro la salud esquelética y la calidad del calostro. Los probióticos y nucleótidos aumentaron la capacidad antioxidante, el consumo de alimento y la vitalidad de los lechones. La reducción de la relación ω6:ω3 y la inclusión de fibras disminuyeron el estrés oxidativo y térmico, mejorando el confort materno. La vitamina D3 y el selenio orgánico mostraron mayor biodisponibilidad y eficiencia reproductiva que los inorgánicos. Se concluyo que la nutrición materna desempeño un papel determinante en la productividad y la supervivencia neonatal. Una nutrición con una formulación precisa que combine minerales esenciales, vitaminas y aditivos funcionales permitió optimizar la eficiencia metabólica, la respuesta inmune y el bienestar general de las cerdas y sus lechones en sistemas de producción intensiva.Item Precisión diagnostica comparativa de la citología, histopatología e inmunofluorescencia directa en el diagnóstico del pénfigo canino(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Fernández Aramburo, William Andrés; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)This systematic review evaluated the comparative diagnostic accuracy of cytology, histopathology, and direct immunofluorescence in canine pemphigus through the analysis of 62 studies identified in five databases following PRISMA guidelines. The results demonstrated that each technique presents specific advantages and limitations: cytology showed high specificity but variable sensitivity depending on the lesion stage; histopathology confirmed its central role, although its effectiveness is compromised by sample selection; while direct immunofluorescence emerged as the most reliable method for confirmation, albeit with significant practical limitations. Therefore, it can be concluded that optimal diagnosis requires the integration of these techniques, considering their constraints and the specific clinical context. Thus, highlighting the need to establish more robust diagnostic guidelines for these techniques.Item Beneficios de los probióticos en la salud intestinal porcina e implicaciones para la seguridad alimentaria humana(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Ospina Torres, Valeria; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director); Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica con el propósito de evaluar los beneficios de los probióticos en la salud intestinal porcina y sus implicaciones para la seguridad alimentaria humana. El proceso de investigación se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión bibliográfica en plataformas electrónicas como PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus y Web of Science, durante 2020 y 2025, con un enfoque particular en artículos publicados en el idioma inglés. El presente estudio se centró exclusivamente en las publicaciones realizadas en revistas indexadas, con una clasificación Qualis A1-B2 o SCImago Q1-Q2. La estrategia de búsqueda se fundamentó en la combinación de descriptores relacionados con probióticos, microbiota intestinal, porcicultura y seguridad alimentaria. Se eliminaron los duplicados y la selección de datos se realizó siguiendo las directrices PRISMA (Proposal Registration of Systematic Review). La gestión bibliográfica se realizó mediante el uso del software Mendeley®. El análisis realizado incluyó un total de 15 artículos, siendo China el país con el mayor número de publicaciones. Los hallazgos confirman que el uso de probióticos representa una alternativa eficaz y sostenible al uso de antibióticos en la producción porcina. Los beneficios se manifiestan en tres dimensiones principales: (i) se observa una mejora en la salud intestinal, el bienestar animal y los parámetros productivos, (ii) se evidencia una disminución en la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales y la disbiosis, y (iii) se contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria humana al reducir la carga de patógenos zoonóticos y los residuos antimicrobianos en la carne. A pesar de la ausencia de consenso en cuanto a la selección de cepas óptimas y la estandarización de dosis, la evidencia disponible respalda la integración de probióticos en la porcicultura moderna como un componente esencial para la sostenibilidad productiva y la inocuidad alimentaria.Item Propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de riesgos y estrategias nutricionales ante la hipocalcemia en hatos lecheros en el norte del Valle del Cauca: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-24) Ospina Galeano, Laura Sofía; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David (Director)Hypocalcemia ("milk fever") represents a significant metabolic challenge for small and medium-sized dairy producers in the Valle del Cauca, affecting profitability due to the lack of technically grounded preventive protocols. The objective of this study was to contribute to risk identification and the selection of preventive nutritional strategies through the integrated application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A dual methodological approach was adopted, collecting primary data through a survey administered to 12 producers and veterinary professionals in the region. The FMEA results indicated that while the occurrence of clinical cases is moderate (most report 1-2 cases/year), the main risk lies in the difficulty of detection (average rating of 2.75/5), as 58% of diagnoses are based solely on clinical symptoms. The AHP analysis revealed that the most important criteria for selecting a strategy are implementation cost (average 4.42/5) and efficacy (average 4.33/5). It is concluded that the FMEA-AHP methodology is an effective tool for translating farm-level perceptions into a decision-making framework that prioritizes real risks (detection) and key criteria (cost) for technology adoption.Item Errores diagnósticos de Mycoplasma Haemofelis en gatos domésticos en las practicas actuales: Revisión sistemática(universidad santiago de cali, 2025-12-05) Izquierdo Ramirez, Daniela; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)The present research aims to identify diagnostic errors of Mycoplasma haemofelis in domestic cats, a recurring problem in veterinary practice with serious therapeutic implications. The study analyzed the causes, consequences, and factors associated with these diagnostic failures through a systematic review of recent veterinary literature. The findings revealed that the main diagnostic limitations stem from the use of low-sensitivity techniques such as blood smear cytology (0-37.5%), which generates false negatives, and practical errors such as variations in sample collection, inconsistencies in collection and processing protocols, ultimately limiting diagnosis. These deficiencies lead to inadequate treatments and contribute to microbial resistance. Based on these findings, the standardization of protocols using quantitative PCR and cytology, along with continuous professional training, are key aspects to improve the diagnosis and management of this pathology.Item Parásitos gastrointestinales en crías de Zarigüeya común () en un hogar de paso de Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-22) Molina Diaz, Maria Margarita; Castillo Aguirre, Esteban; Bermeo Sierra, Marta Liliana (Directora)Wildlife supports key ecological processes; the common opossum Didelphis marsupialis participates in seed dispersal and biological control. The purpose of this study is to fill a gap in the national literature on parasitism in newborns of this species and generate useful information for diagnostic, treatment, and management protocols that improve care in rehabilitation centers and prevent zoonotic hazards. The presence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in offspring cared for at the DAGMA foster home in Santiago de Cali and its relationship with the clinical status of admission were characterized. A 3-month descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 30 orphaned offspring weighing 50– 100 g, with standardized registration, stool collection by stimulation, and diagnosis by Sheather flotation with readings at 100×/400×; the analysis was performed in Excel. The results showed 26.7% positivity for protozoa, with a predominance of Trichomonas spp. (20.0%) and detection of Giardia sp. (6.7%; cysts and trophozoites), the majority asymptomatic, with no helminth eggs, and outcomes of 63.3% released and 36.7% dead, with a higher incidence in the urban south. The discussion interpreted a mostly subclinical parasitosis, conditioned by age and pre-patent windows, and emphasized that sucrose flotation is useful for screening, but limited for larvae and certain cysts. Therefore, it is proposed to complement it with specific techniques and serial samples, in addition to consolidating the shelter as a sentinel node for public health and conservation. The conclusions emphasize individualizing therapies based on signs and burden, avoiding mass treatments, and strengthening documentary standardization and the coprodiagnostic algorithm to improve traceability, efficacy, and community education, with declared scientific, social, and environmental impacts.Item Enfermedad Renal Crónica: Pautas para el manejo nutricional en gatos; Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-09) Fuentes Torres, Valentina; Ospina, Carlos Adrián (Director)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats represents a prevalent condition with a significant impact on survival and quality of life. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current scientific evidence regarding nutritional management guidelines for felines with CKD. A structured search was conducted across electronic databases, yielding 55 studies that met predefined selection criteria. The results demonstrated that phosphorus optimization to 0.3-0.6% on a dry matter basis was the single most effective nutritional intervention for slowing disease progression. Protein management has evolved toward quality-based rather than strictly quantitative restriction approaches, prioritizing the preservation of muscle mass. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids consistently showed anti-inflammatory benefits, while emerging strategies such as prebiotics and betaine demonstrated improvements in body condition. It was concluded that optimal nutritional management requires multimodal and individualized approaches according to IRIS stage, body condition, and concurrent comorbidities. The evidence supported a shift from traditional restriction-based concepts toward personalized nutritional optimization models, in which balancing metabolic control and maintaining body condition are fundamental to improving clinical outcomes in feline CKD.