Medicina Veterinaria
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Item Relación entre la disbiosis intestinal y el desarrollo de las alergias alimentarias en perros, revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Rosales Jiménez, Ligia Nicole; Correa Toro, Nelson William (Director)The canine gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that plays essential roles in digestion, metabolism, and immune regulation. Under eubiosis, the main bacterial phyla contribute to homeostasis by producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which strengthen the epithelial barrier and promote the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes. However, factors such as antibiotic use, ultra-processed diets, and aging favor dysbiosis, characterized by a loss of microbial diversity, altered proportions of key taxa, and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. These changes are associated with the development of food allergies, mediated by exacerbated Th2 responses and inadequate IgA production. Recent studies show that diet, mode of delivery, and early microbial exposure significantly influence immune system maturation, supporting the hygiene hypothesis. Targeted therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and postbiotics, aim to restore the microbiota and induce immune tolerance. Understanding the interaction between microbiota and immunity allows for the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to improve intestinal health and well-being in dogs.Item Actualización en los avances en el manejo de la diabetes mellitus en perros: Evaluación de la terapia con insulina una vez al día (SID) – Seguridad, eficacia y calidad de vida. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Guevara Delgado, María Camila ; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando (Director)El médico inglés, Thomas Willis, describió por primera vez hace más de un siglo la diabetes mellitus (DM). Actualmente se clasifica como una enfermedad endocrina crónica, semejante a los humanos; esta enfermedad es caracterizada por la pérdida en masa de células ubicadas en los islotes pancreáticos, dando como resultados una producción o acción de insulina inadecuada (hipoglucemia, hiperglucemia o ambas). A raíz de lo anterior mencionado se presentan signos característicos cómo: poliuria, polidipsia, polifagia y pérdida repentina de peso. Como tratamiento médico se propone dos formas de abastecer la insulina al paciente, mediante una única dosis diaria (SID) o dos veces diarias (BID). (Canine Diabetes Mellitus - WSAVA2011 - VIN, s. f.). Siendo material de estudio la enfermedad crónica en los perros, se han presentado investigaciones desde el siglo pasado, sin embargo, en la actualidad a nivel nacional no se han demostrado los suficientes casos y estudios de soporte médico. Basado en lo anterior, se procede a inferir que se utilizarán artículos extranjeros y de mayor rango de tiempo superior a los 10 años de antigüedad, dada la complejidad de los estudios realizados sobre la diabetes mellitus.Item Caracterización epidemiológica de caninos y felinos infectados con nematodos: un análisis retrospectivo a partir de datos de una clínica veterinaria del municipio de Palmira-Valle(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-10) Hurtado Serna, Brahian Alexis; Barbosa, Hamilton Julián (Director)Intestinal parasite infections in companion animals represent one of the main causes of gastrointestinal disease in the canine and feline population, with direct implications for public health. These zoonotic parasitic diseases affect both domestic animals and their owners due to the close contact between the two species. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of domestic dogs and cats infected with intestinal nematodes, treated at the El Arca veterinary clinic in the municipality of Palmira (Valle del Cauca) during 2024, and to identify the epidemiological factors associated with their occurrence. A quantitative, observational, and descriptive study was conducted, based on a retrospective analysis of medical records registered in the OkVet software. Medical records of dogs and cats were included, containing fecal examination results, demographic data, and complete clinical histories. The variables analyzed included species, breed, age, sex, reproductive status, and fecal examination results. Data were processed using absolute and relative frequencies, and the chisquare test was applied with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) using Jamovi software. During the study period, 706 patients were registered, of whom 130 medical records met the inclusion criteria. Of the valid fecal samples (n = 89), Ancylostoma sp. was identified in 38.6% of dogs and Cystoisospora sp. in 10.2% of cats. No parasitic infection was found in 46.6% of the animals. These findings indicated that canines were more susceptible to intestinal nematode infections, while felines showed a higher frequency of protozoa. The results confirmed the active circulation of Ancylostoma sp. The study, conducted in the canine population of Palmira, highlighted the need to strengthen coprological diagnostic programs, health education, and preventive deworming in the community. Furthermore, the proportion of clinical records lacking coprological results underscored the importance of improving clinical registration and follow-up processes in veterinary clinics. In conclusion, this study provided relevant epidemiological information on gastrointestinal parasitosis in companion animals in the municipality of Palmira, establishing a baseline for future research and control measures.Item Contaminación con Fumonisinas y Aflatoxinas en maíz para porcicultura: implicaciones en salud pública(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Rassa Pinto, Gabriela; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director); Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director)Mycotoxins, specifically fumonisins and aflatoxins, have represented a significant problem for swine production and public health, as they are frequently found in corn and its derivatives. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the most recent scientific literature related to the proliferation of mycotoxins in corn, their effects on swine health and productivity, the risks they pose to human consumers, and proposed mitigation strategies. To this end, a systematic review was conducted of twenty-five articles published between 2019 and 2025 in academic databases, which included both experimental and observational studies. The information obtained was organized into a matrix and subsequently classified into different thematic areas. The findings showed that the combination of high humidity and high temperatures, coupled with poor post-harvest handling, favors the proliferation of mycotoxins in grains. Furthermore, in pigs, prolonged exposure to these substances caused immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity, reproductive disorders, and a decrease in production indicators, even when the doses were subclinical. Regarding human health, bioaccumulation was identified in frequently consumed tissues, and potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects were noted, although epidemiological evidence remains limited. Finally, mitigation measures highlighted included the use of resistant varieties, the use of adsorbents in the diet, the proper application of agricultural practices, and the development of rapid detection technologies, the effectiveness of which still needs validation under field conditions. Thus, mycotoxins constitute a multidimensional problem that affects animal productivity, food safety, and public health. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen applied research and consolidate integrated prevention and surveillance policies.Item Perfil leucocitario característico del leucograma de estrés en gatos(Universidad santiago de cali, 2025-11-04) Benavides Rodriguez, Carolina; Vargas Camargo, Oscar Julián (Director)The main objective of this project is to determine the characteristics of the stress leukogram in cats, considering that, currently, not only is there less documentation on this hematological phenomenon compared to other species such as dogs, but certain variations in the leukocyte profile associated with stress have also been identified, which makes it difficult to standardize parameters and diagnoses. Similarly, this research is based on the understanding that stress, rather than state of mind, is a psychological and physiological response of feline organisms to factors considered threats or changes in their normal environment (Buffington & Bain, 2021). Therefore, the project aims to categorize the main characteristics found in the stress leukogram in cats through a qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional documentary review, in which the latest articles and clinical cases published on the subject in the last semester of 2024 were reviewed. Thus, the main findings of this article revealed that, despite the existence of different stressors, the hematological response of the cats studied coincided in the three studies analyzed, demonstrating that lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia are key factors in characterizing stress leukogram in domestic cats.Item Detección de parásitos intestinales con potencial zoonótico en hospedadores herbívoros silvestres cautivos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-05) Arboleda Franco, Catalina; Barbosa Vinasco, Hamilton Julián (Director); Peña Stadlin, Juliana (Directora)Intestinal parasite infections remain a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where their prevalence is high. In wildlife, these organisms gain importance due to their potential role as zoonotic reservoirs, especially in captivity or ecotourism-related settings. This study analyzed fecal samples from six captive herbivorous wildlife species at the Cali Zoo Foundation: plains zebra (Equus quagga), mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). Using direct smear, fecal flotation with Sheather’s solution, and PCR, Strongyloides spp. was identified in samples from zebra, deer, and antelope. Molecular analyses revealed prevalences of Blastocystis spp. (87.5%), Giardia spp. (75%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (37.5%). These findings confirm the presence of intestinal parasites with zoonotic potential in captive wildlife and highlight the importance of continuous health monitoring in managed wildlife populations.Item Intervenciones de fisioterapia para el manejo conservador y posquirúrgico de la lesión medular toracolumbar en caninos: revisión sistemática (2015-2025)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Dominguez Murillo, Juan Camilo; Barbosa Vinasco, Hamilton Julián (Director)Physiotherapy interventions for the conservative and post-surgical management of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury in canines, addressing a problem that significantly affects the quality of life of these animals, there is a need to identify which are the most effective physiotherapy practices to recover the patient's mobility. The objective was to analyze the physiotherapeutic protocols applied in the treatment of acute spinal cord trauma, focusing on motor functional recovery. A methodology based on the PRISMA guidelines was used, reviewing 27 studies published between 2015 and 2024 that evaluated various therapeutic modalities. The results indicated that techniques such as hydrotherapy, electrostimulation and early mobilization showed success rates of up to 90.4% in functional recovery. However, a lack of standardization in physiotherapy protocols was identified, which limited the ability of veterinarians to apply evidence-based treatments. The conclusions highlighted the need to develop specific and standardized clinical guidelines that consider the particularities of each case, as well as the importance of integrating physiotherapy into treatment plans from the early post-injury stages, to this end, an algorithm was proposed that serves as a guide for the approach to thoracolumbar trauma in canines according to the classification of the injury and the type of management.Item Efectos de la nutrición mineral sobre la integridad óseas en cerdas durante la gestación y lactancia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-03) Tobar Pino, Sonia Viviana; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David (Director); Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director)La revisión analizo la problemática de los efectos de la nutrición mineral sobre la integridad Oseas en cerdas durante la gestación y lactancia los cuales afectan la salud maternal, la mineralización ósea, la calidad del calostro y la viabilidad de los lechones. Tuvo como objetivo analizar las causas nutricionales relacionadas con la aparición de enfermedades óseas en cerdas asociadas a deficiencia de minerales, los efectos de diferentes estrategias nutricionales sobre el metabolismo, la inmunidad y el rendimiento reproductivo de las cerdas modernas. Se aplico la metodología PRISMA para la búsqueda y selección de estudios recientes que evaluaron la suplementación con minerales, vitaminas, probióticos, nucleótidos, ácidos grasos. Fibras y compuestos funcionales en dietas para cerdas gestantes y lactantes. Los resultados abordaron que la restricción de calcio y fosforo afecto la mineralización ósea, mientras que su adecuada suplementación mejoro la salud esquelética y la calidad del calostro. Los probióticos y nucleótidos aumentaron la capacidad antioxidante, el consumo de alimento y la vitalidad de los lechones. La reducción de la relación ω6:ω3 y la inclusión de fibras disminuyeron el estrés oxidativo y térmico, mejorando el confort materno. La vitamina D3 y el selenio orgánico mostraron mayor biodisponibilidad y eficiencia reproductiva que los inorgánicos. Se concluyo que la nutrición materna desempeño un papel determinante en la productividad y la supervivencia neonatal. Una nutrición con una formulación precisa que combine minerales esenciales, vitaminas y aditivos funcionales permitió optimizar la eficiencia metabólica, la respuesta inmune y el bienestar general de las cerdas y sus lechones en sistemas de producción intensiva.Item Precisión diagnostica comparativa de la citología, histopatología e inmunofluorescencia directa en el diagnóstico del pénfigo canino(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Fernández Aramburo, William Andrés; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo (Director)This systematic review evaluated the comparative diagnostic accuracy of cytology, histopathology, and direct immunofluorescence in canine pemphigus through the analysis of 62 studies identified in five databases following PRISMA guidelines. The results demonstrated that each technique presents specific advantages and limitations: cytology showed high specificity but variable sensitivity depending on the lesion stage; histopathology confirmed its central role, although its effectiveness is compromised by sample selection; while direct immunofluorescence emerged as the most reliable method for confirmation, albeit with significant practical limitations. Therefore, it can be concluded that optimal diagnosis requires the integration of these techniques, considering their constraints and the specific clinical context. Thus, highlighting the need to establish more robust diagnostic guidelines for these techniques.Item Beneficios de los probióticos en la salud intestinal porcina e implicaciones para la seguridad alimentaria humana(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Ospina Torres, Valeria; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director); Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica con el propósito de evaluar los beneficios de los probióticos en la salud intestinal porcina y sus implicaciones para la seguridad alimentaria humana. El proceso de investigación se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión bibliográfica en plataformas electrónicas como PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus y Web of Science, durante 2020 y 2025, con un enfoque particular en artículos publicados en el idioma inglés. El presente estudio se centró exclusivamente en las publicaciones realizadas en revistas indexadas, con una clasificación Qualis A1-B2 o SCImago Q1-Q2. La estrategia de búsqueda se fundamentó en la combinación de descriptores relacionados con probióticos, microbiota intestinal, porcicultura y seguridad alimentaria. Se eliminaron los duplicados y la selección de datos se realizó siguiendo las directrices PRISMA (Proposal Registration of Systematic Review). La gestión bibliográfica se realizó mediante el uso del software Mendeley®. El análisis realizado incluyó un total de 15 artículos, siendo China el país con el mayor número de publicaciones. Los hallazgos confirman que el uso de probióticos representa una alternativa eficaz y sostenible al uso de antibióticos en la producción porcina. Los beneficios se manifiestan en tres dimensiones principales: (i) se observa una mejora en la salud intestinal, el bienestar animal y los parámetros productivos, (ii) se evidencia una disminución en la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales y la disbiosis, y (iii) se contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria humana al reducir la carga de patógenos zoonóticos y los residuos antimicrobianos en la carne. A pesar de la ausencia de consenso en cuanto a la selección de cepas óptimas y la estandarización de dosis, la evidencia disponible respalda la integración de probióticos en la porcicultura moderna como un componente esencial para la sostenibilidad productiva y la inocuidad alimentaria.Item Propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de riesgos y estrategias nutricionales ante la hipocalcemia en hatos lecheros en el norte del Valle del Cauca: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-24) Ospina Galeano, Laura Sofía; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David (Director)Hypocalcemia ("milk fever") represents a significant metabolic challenge for small and medium-sized dairy producers in the Valle del Cauca, affecting profitability due to the lack of technically grounded preventive protocols. The objective of this study was to contribute to risk identification and the selection of preventive nutritional strategies through the integrated application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A dual methodological approach was adopted, collecting primary data through a survey administered to 12 producers and veterinary professionals in the region. The FMEA results indicated that while the occurrence of clinical cases is moderate (most report 1-2 cases/year), the main risk lies in the difficulty of detection (average rating of 2.75/5), as 58% of diagnoses are based solely on clinical symptoms. The AHP analysis revealed that the most important criteria for selecting a strategy are implementation cost (average 4.42/5) and efficacy (average 4.33/5). It is concluded that the FMEA-AHP methodology is an effective tool for translating farm-level perceptions into a decision-making framework that prioritizes real risks (detection) and key criteria (cost) for technology adoption.Item Errores diagnósticos de Mycoplasma Haemofelis en gatos domésticos en las practicas actuales: Revisión sistemática(universidad santiago de cali, 2025-12-05) Izquierdo Ramirez, Daniela; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)The present research aims to identify diagnostic errors of Mycoplasma haemofelis in domestic cats, a recurring problem in veterinary practice with serious therapeutic implications. The study analyzed the causes, consequences, and factors associated with these diagnostic failures through a systematic review of recent veterinary literature. The findings revealed that the main diagnostic limitations stem from the use of low-sensitivity techniques such as blood smear cytology (0-37.5%), which generates false negatives, and practical errors such as variations in sample collection, inconsistencies in collection and processing protocols, ultimately limiting diagnosis. These deficiencies lead to inadequate treatments and contribute to microbial resistance. Based on these findings, the standardization of protocols using quantitative PCR and cytology, along with continuous professional training, are key aspects to improve the diagnosis and management of this pathology.Item Parásitos gastrointestinales en crías de Zarigüeya común () en un hogar de paso de Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-22) Molina Diaz, Maria Margarita; Castillo Aguirre, Esteban; Bermeo Sierra, Marta Liliana (Directora)Wildlife supports key ecological processes; the common opossum Didelphis marsupialis participates in seed dispersal and biological control. The purpose of this study is to fill a gap in the national literature on parasitism in newborns of this species and generate useful information for diagnostic, treatment, and management protocols that improve care in rehabilitation centers and prevent zoonotic hazards. The presence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in offspring cared for at the DAGMA foster home in Santiago de Cali and its relationship with the clinical status of admission were characterized. A 3-month descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 30 orphaned offspring weighing 50– 100 g, with standardized registration, stool collection by stimulation, and diagnosis by Sheather flotation with readings at 100×/400×; the analysis was performed in Excel. The results showed 26.7% positivity for protozoa, with a predominance of Trichomonas spp. (20.0%) and detection of Giardia sp. (6.7%; cysts and trophozoites), the majority asymptomatic, with no helminth eggs, and outcomes of 63.3% released and 36.7% dead, with a higher incidence in the urban south. The discussion interpreted a mostly subclinical parasitosis, conditioned by age and pre-patent windows, and emphasized that sucrose flotation is useful for screening, but limited for larvae and certain cysts. Therefore, it is proposed to complement it with specific techniques and serial samples, in addition to consolidating the shelter as a sentinel node for public health and conservation. The conclusions emphasize individualizing therapies based on signs and burden, avoiding mass treatments, and strengthening documentary standardization and the coprodiagnostic algorithm to improve traceability, efficacy, and community education, with declared scientific, social, and environmental impacts.Item Enfermedad Renal Crónica: Pautas para el manejo nutricional en gatos; Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-09) Fuentes Torres, Valentina; Ospina, Carlos Adrián (Director)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats represents a prevalent condition with a significant impact on survival and quality of life. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current scientific evidence regarding nutritional management guidelines for felines with CKD. A structured search was conducted across electronic databases, yielding 55 studies that met predefined selection criteria. The results demonstrated that phosphorus optimization to 0.3-0.6% on a dry matter basis was the single most effective nutritional intervention for slowing disease progression. Protein management has evolved toward quality-based rather than strictly quantitative restriction approaches, prioritizing the preservation of muscle mass. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids consistently showed anti-inflammatory benefits, while emerging strategies such as prebiotics and betaine demonstrated improvements in body condition. It was concluded that optimal nutritional management requires multimodal and individualized approaches according to IRIS stage, body condition, and concurrent comorbidities. The evidence supported a shift from traditional restriction-based concepts toward personalized nutritional optimization models, in which balancing metabolic control and maintaining body condition are fundamental to improving clinical outcomes in feline CKD.Item Impacto del entorno sanitario en el perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de enterobacterias aisladas de heces de caninos (Canis lupus familiaris) en Cali, Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-05) Cárdenas Guzmán, Angela; Sánchez Rosero, Geraldine; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director); Duque Zapata, Juan Diego (Director)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to global public health, intensified by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, which promotes the spread of resistant bacteria. This research aims to compare the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterobacteria isolated from canine feces from two environments in the city of Cali: veterinary clinics and shelters. By isolating these enterobacteria and performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests, we seek to identify resistance profiles and patterns associated with each environment. From an epidemiological perspective, we will identify resistance to different classes of antibiotics, which will serve as indirect indicators of the possible presence of resistance genes in circulation. The findings will make it possible to evaluate the influence of sanitary conditions and antibiotic management on the emergence and spread of resistant strains, improving veterinary practices and strengthening the “One Health” approach.Item Prevalencia de Malassezia spp. en infecciones del conducto auditivo externo en caninos y felinos de la ciudad de Cali: Análisis retrospectivo (2023-2024)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-09) Delgado Caicedo, Erika Johana; Rojas García, Karen Anaid; León Serpa, Victor Mauricio (Director); Villegas Gómez, Claudia Lucía (Directora)This retrospective study analyzed the prevalence of Malassezia spp. in the ear canals of canines and felines, using samples sent to the Zoolavet veterinary clinical laboratory in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, between January 2023 and December 2024. Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal yeast with pathogenic potential that is frequently associated with otitis externa and dermatitis in companion animals, particularly under humid conditions and with a genetic or immunological predisposition. The research includes a statistical analysis by species, breed, sex, and age, allowing for the identification of local risk factors. Samples were evaluated using cytology with Wright (Diff-Quik) and Gram staining. Obtaining accurate epidemiological data in this study will contribute to establishing timely diagnostic and treatment strategies, thus improving animal welfare and supporting preventive veterinary medicine in the region.Item Prevalencia de Parvovirosis en caninos previamente inmunizados en una Clínica de Santiago de Cali en 2023(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-10-13) Delgado Chimunja, Yelisabel ; Diez López, Melissa; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo (Director); Saavedra, Camila (Directora)Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a disease caused by the DNA virus of the species Carnivorous Proto parvovirus 1, which affects canines (Canis lupus familiaris) of all ages. This study aims to identify the prevalence of CPV in previously immunized canines that attended the veterinary clinic in Cali, year 023. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional design will be used with a sample of 80 immunized patients to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccines. , vaccination schedules and associated factors. The data obtained are compared with previous studies to generate useful conclusions for veterinary practice, contributing to the optimization of parvovirus prevention strategies.Item Dermatofitos y hongos presentes en las lesiones dérmicas de caninos en Buenaventura, Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Loaiza Sánchez, Karen Dayanna; Duque, Juan Diego (Director); Gafaro, Alexis (Director)Fungi are microorganisms belonging to the kingdom Fungi. These pathogens affect animals and humans and are of great importance in veterinary practice due to their increasing relevance. This research identifies the fungi present in canines with dermal lesions in Buenaventura, Colombia. Using non-probability sampling, 30 samples of superficial skin scrapings were obtained from canines with cutaneous lesions in different sectors of the city. The culture medium of choice was PDA, where the samples were incubated for 10 days. Then, through microscopy, [number] types of fungi were identified, with Microsporum canis being the most relevant. Variability was observed according to age, sex, and breed, with 4-year-old dogs and Pugs being the most affected. However, regarding sex, females and males were affected in equal proportions. This study is the first investigation into fungi present in canines in Buenaventura, providing valuable information to identify the main causes of dermatophytosis and dermatomycosis affecting them.Item Precisión diagnóstica y la utilidad clínica de los métodos microscópicos, moleculares (PCR) y serológicos en el diagnóstico de la coccidiosis en perros y gatos. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-04) Hernández Bravo, Bryan; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto (Director)Coccidiosis is a common intestinal parasitic disease in dogs and cats, mainly caused by protozoa of the Cystoisospora genus. Its diagnosis poses a clinical challenge due to the intermittent excretion of oocysts and the morphological similarity among species. The use of varied diagnostic methods—microscopic, molecular, and serological—aims to increase accuracy and optimize therapeutic decision-making in veterinary medicine. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of microscopic, molecular (PCR), and serological methods used in diagnosing coccidiosis in dogs and cats through a systematic review of recent scientific literature. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical systematic review of empirical studies published between 2020 and 2024 was conducted, using the databases PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Embase. The MeSH descriptors “Coccidiosis,” “Clinical Laboratory Test,” “Cats,” and “Dogs” were applied. Seventy-three articles were identified, of which twenty-eight met the inclusion criteria, and twenty-one were analyzed in depth. Results and Discussion: Fecal flotation microscopy remains the most widely used method due to its low cost and speed; however, its sensitivity barely reaches 60% in mild infections. Molecular techniques, such as PCR and qPCR, demonstrated sensitivities above 90%, allowing detection of subclinical infections and differentiation between species. Nevertheless, their routine use is limited by costs and technical requirements. Serological and coproantigen tests (ELISA, IFAT) provide intermediate tools with high sensitivity and are particularly useful in population studies or breeding facilities. Combining diagnostic methods significantly improves accuracy and clinical decision-making. Conclusions: No single method is ideal. The most effective diagnostic approach combines fecal flotation as an initial test, ELISA for early detection, and PCR for specific confirmation. Integrating these techniques optimizes sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility in diagnosing coccidiosis in small animals.Item Efectos de diferentes dietas en la microbiota intestinal en perros (Canis familiaris) en la ciudad de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-04) Lugo Rojas, Sthefany; Duque Zapata, Juan Diego (Director); Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Director)In recent years, feeding dogs raw diets such as the BARF (Biologically Appropriate Raw Food) model has gained considerable attention among pet owners. This growing interest is driven by the belief that a more natural diet may improve digestive and overall health. However, variations in composition and processing between these raw diets and commercial extruded foods can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota, whose stability is essential for digestion, immune function, and disease prevention. A metabarcoding approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3–V4 region) was used to compare the composition of the intestinal microbiota in dogs fed commercial kibble and BARF diets based on meat and chicken. The findings indicated that BARF diets contained a higher abundance of proteolytic genera such as Fusobacterium and Bacteroides, which are associated with protein degradation and the production of short -chain fatty acids, including propionate and butyrate. In contrast, the extruded commercial diets exhibited a mixed-type microbiota, where fermentative genera such as Phocaeicola, related to complex carbohydrate metabolism, coexisted with proteolytic bacteria such as Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. Additionally, genera with important metabolic and immunological roles—such as Megamonas, Clostridium, and Faecalibacterium—were detected. The variat ion observed among diet groups demonstrates that both nutritional composition and food processing directly influence bacterial metabolic pathways and, consequently, the functional balance of the intestinal ecosystem.