Medicina Veterinaria
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Item Impacto del consumo de alimentos concentrados de baja calidad en el estado nutricional y la eficiencia metabólica en gatos domésticos: una revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago De Cali, 2026-07-11) Perez albino, Alejandro; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa(Directora)Recent evidence reviewed the way low-quality concentrated food affects a domestic cat's nutritional status, as well as its metabolic efficiency. The main point of interest was that a cat food being called “complete” does not mean that its quality depends only on that designation. Other areas that are also important when considering the quality of cat food include: formulation consistency, digestibility, effective energy density, and labeling consistency, as these factors determine how much energy and nutrients an animal receives from a given food source. This study aimed to synthesize findings related to pet food quality criteria, nutritional status indicators, and metabolic indicators for nutrient use. A systematic review of the indexed literature on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect published between 2020 and 2026 was conducted, with additional searches performed using Google Scholar. The selection process for studies followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search identified 110 documents, and after removing duplicates, 89 were screened. Subsequently, 49 full-text articles were evaluated, and 20 of these documents were used for qualitative synthesis. The results of the systematic review suggest that the quality of pet food can affect how well cats can digest foods, including differences in digestion and gastrointestinal tolerance of different types of foods. Energy density and macronutrient sources can also affect body weight and glycolipid levels in domestic cats. It was therefore concluded that the evaluation of concentrated food quality should include nutritional adequacy, manufacturer reliability, and functional use, in order to support clinical decisions and feeding practices at home.Item Suplementación mineral como estrategia para mitigar la diseminación de E. coli O157:H7 en la cadena productiva bovina(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-09-03) Gomez Vargas, Natalia; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio(Director); Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto(Director)This systematic review evaluated mineral supplementation as a strategy to mitigate the spread of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the cattle production chain. A total of 168 records were retrieved from five databases; after applying eligibility and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected, 11 of which were included in the discussion panel and the rest were used to enrich the methodological and introductory sections. The reviewed studies primarily used zinc in different forms (methionine, proteinate, oxide) and, to a lesser extent, copper, reporting positive effects on cattle health and productivity. Among the observed benefits were a reduction in the incidence and duration of diarrhea, increased daily weight gain, improved feed efficiency, and a strengthening of immune function and intestinal barrier integrity. Furthermore, zinc supplementation modulated the intestinal microbiota, promoting beneficial bacterial populations and reducing conditions conducive to E. coli O157:H7 colonization. However, some studies have shown risks such as co-selection of antimicrobial resistance in commensal bacteria. Overall, the evidence suggests that mineral supplementation, especially with highly bioavailable zinc, is promising for preventive strategies, but requires further studies with direct measurements of E. coli O157:H7, methodological standardization, and assessment of associated risks.Item La Importancia de los acidos grasos omega-3 en el manejo de la inflamación hepatica en perros. Revisión de literatura cientifica(Universidad Santiago de cali, 2026-06-12) Jaramillo Donney´s,Veronica; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David(Director)This technical report aims to highlight the importance of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) in the management of chronic canine hepatic inflammation, emphasizing their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-resolution action at the molecular level. It seeks to demonstrate the lack of a clear consensus on specific therapeutic dosages, coupled with variations in bioavailability depending on the supplement form and the typical dietary imbalance with excess omega-6 fatty acids, which complicates their clinical application. The report underscores the need for individualized prescribing that considers supplement quality, monitoring for risks such as coagulopathy, and using objective biomarkers (e.g., C-reactive protein) to assess response. Although the potential benefit of omega-3s includes reducing the dosage of hepatotoxic drugs, robust clinical evidence in dogs with liver disease remains scarce, with a lack of controlled studies. Furthermore, it seeks to conclude that optimal management requires precision medicine, addressing current methodological limitations and promoting future research that validates doses, biomarkers, and sustainable sources of omega-3 to ensure safety and efficacy in the nutritional support of canine hepatic disease..Item Impacto de la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 y omega-6 sobre la fisiología reproductiva y la fertilidad en bovinos (Bos taurus): revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-09) Carabali Carabali, Cristian David; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa(Directora)Reproductive efficiency in dairy production systems, especially in high-producing cows (Bos taurus), plays a fundamental role in the economic sustainability of these systems. However, it is compromised by factors such as negative energy balance during the transition period, which affects ovarian function and reduces fertility. In this context, omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been proposed as nutritional modulators of reproductive physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of supplementation with these fatty acids on reproductive physiology and fertility in dairy cattle (Bos taurus). To this end, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, through a search of scientific literature published between 2016 and 2026 in specialized databases (PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar); this review included controlled clinical trials, experimental studies, and systematic reviews. The results showed that omega-3 fatty acids contribute to improving conception rate, embryonic survival, and luteal function. In contrast, omega-6 fatty acids promote ovarian cyclicity and ovulation depending on the dose. Furthermore, it was identified that the reproductive response depends on the balance between both types of fatty acids, as well as the physiological and metabolic status of the animals. In this regard, supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 may have positive effects on bovine reproduction, provided that an adequate balance is maintained to optimize fertility.Item Impacto de la aflatoxina M1 en la salud bovina y su implicación en la seguridad alimentaria por contaminación de productos lácteos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-09-02) Hernández Alarcón, Nathalie; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio(Director); Guarín Patarroyo,Camilo Ernesto(Director)This systematic review analyzed 35 articles published between 2020 and 2025 on the presence and effects of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in the dairy chain, with the aim of assessing its impact on animal health and food safety. The studies originated in 22 countries in Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Africa and mainly comprised descriptive observational designs (65.7%), controlled experimental designs (22.8%), and technological or methodological validation designs (11.5%). Overall, more than 7,200 samples of raw and pasteurized milk, cheeses, and livestock feed were evaluated. The most commonly used methodologies included ELISA, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS, the latter two standing out for their greater sensitivity and specificity. The levels of AFM1 detected ranged from 0.01 to 1.2 µg/L, with values above the maximum permissible limit (0.05 µg/L) in 28% of the studies. The effects observed in cattle included liver damage, reduced milk production, and oxidative stress. In the area of food safety, a potential risk to consumers due to bioaccumulation and chronic exposure was evident. The methodological evaluation, based on the Cochrane tool, showed variability in the quality and bias of the studies, with experimental studies being the most rigorous. Overall, the findings underscore the need to strengthen surveillance systems, promote preventive practices in animal feed, and harmonize mycotoxin detection methods to ensure safety throughout the dairy supply chain.Item La coproparasitología como herramienta para la vigilancia zoonótica: Revisión sistemática en poblaciones caninas en Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-31) Santana Rodriguez, Kenny Alejandra; Ospina Varón, Carlos Mario( Director)This systematic review addresses the problem of zoonotic parasites transmitted by domestic canids in Colombia, a scenario where traditional coproparasitological techniques present critical sensitivity limitations in the face of alarming prevalence rates. The central objective was to analyze how the integration of quantitative methods, molecular epidemiology, and predictive models optimizes surveillance under the One Health approach. Methodologically, research on advanced technologies was synthesized, highlighting qPCR to quantify Parasite Genomes per Gram (PGG) and overcome the deficiencies of semi-quantitative methods such as Kato-Katz. Likewise, the role of molecular epidemiology in genotyping zoonotic strains (e.g., Giardia duodenalis) and detecting anthelmintic resistance was examined. The use of machine learning (ML) to mitigate epidemiological delays, and Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) to estimate human exposure risks within the framework of community surveillance, were also evaluated. The findings show that these tools achieve diagnostic sensitivities of up to 100%, allow for the anticipation of outbreaks with high precision, and generate substantial preventive economic benefits. In conclusion, the convergence of these technologies consolidates canine coproparasitology as a vital component of global biosecurity and public health, although it requires overcoming significant technical and governance challenges.Item Asociación entre la falla en la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva y la aparición de hipoglucemia neonatal en potros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-06) Rincon Valencia, Samuel; Martinez Lozano, Alexander(Director)Failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) constitutes one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in foals, while neonatal hypoglycemia represents a common metabolic alteration in this species. This systematic review, developed according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, aimed to analyze the available scientific evidence on the association between FPT and the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia in foals. A structured search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Redalyc, and Google Scholar, identifying 44 initial records, of which 21 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The reviewed studies describe two main pathophysiological pathways: a direct one of primary nutritional hypoglycemia due to colostrum deprivation, and an indirect one mediated by sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which induces a hypermetabolic state and hepatic dysfunction, exacerbating the energy deficit. The reviewed evidence supports a synergistic interaction between the immunological and metabolic components of the equine neonate, highlighting the importance of early recognition of FPT through Brix refractometry and constant glucose monitoring.Item Impacto del estrés oxidativo en la salud animal, actualidad, consecuencias y tratamiento en medicina veterinaria. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-09-07) Vega Ramirez,Santiago; Guarin Patarroyo, Camilo(Director); Cabrera Matajira, Carlos(Director)Oxidative stress (OS) constitutes an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the capacity of endogenous antioxidant systems to neutralize them, resulting in damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. In veterinary medicine, this phenomenon has been implicated in multiple diseases of domestic animals, although its recognition and clinical management remain limited. This monograph aimed to analyze the impact of OS on animal health, addressing recent advances in its diagnosis, clinical consequences, and therapeutic strategies. A qualitative literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, through searches in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciELO, PubMed, and Scopus, using keywords such as "oxidative stress", "antioxidants", and "ischemia reperfusion injury". Publications from the last five years in English and Spanish were prioritized, finally selecting articles for analysis. The findings indicated that OS participates in infectious conditions (parvovirosis, paratuberculosis), ischemia-reperfusion (equine colic), metabolic diseases (feline chronic kidney disease), and environmental stress (heat, pollution). Antioxidant strategies such as vitamins E and C, selenium, polyphenols, and resveratrol were identified, with varying levels of evidence depending on the species and clinical condition. Therapeutic protocols for large and small animals were proposed. It is concluded that OS is an active pathophysiological mechanism that can precipitate death in scenarios such as equine colic and canine parvovirosis, and that its monitoring and antioxidant treatment may mprove prognosis, although further studies are required to standardize doses and biomarkers in each species.Item Eficacia de la deslorelina como anticonceptivo en zarigüeyas macho (Didelphis marsupialis)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-07-16) Osorio León, Lina Maria; Bermeo Sierra, Marta Liliana(Directora); Orjuela Acosta, Delio(Director)The overabundance of opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) in urban environments represents an ecological and public health challenge, highlighting the need for effective non-lethal population control strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a 4.7 mg subcutaneous deslorelin implant as a contraceptive in adult males of this species. A longitudinal experimental study was conducted at a wildlife rescue center in Cali, Colombia, including 16 individuals assigned to a control group (n = 8) and a treatment group (n = 8). Reproductive function was assessed by measuring sperm concentration and testicular volume before treatment (T0) and 15 days post-implantation (T1). The treated group showed a marked reduction in sperm concentration, with azoospermia observed in 62.5% of individuals (5/8). One individual exhibited a severe decrease, one a moderate reduction, and one showed an increase consistent with a transient stimulatory (“flare-up”) effect. In contrast, the control group maintained stable sperm concentrations (34–83 million/mL), with no relevant changes between T0 and T1. A general reduction in testicular volume was also observed in treated individuals, whereas no significant variations were detected in the control group. These findings indicate that deslorelin induces rapid suppression of spermatogenesis in male Didelphis marsupialis, representing a promising non-lethal alternative for reproductive control under ex situ management conditions. However, variability in individual response highlights the need for further studies to assess the duration and consistency of the effect.Item Manejo médico-quirúrgico de fracturas en aves silvestres: revisión sistemática de la literatura y análisis de sus implicaciones en la conservación (2014–2024)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-26) Medina Galeano, Angie Katherine; Pelegrín Ramírez, Jonathan(Director); Palomino, Lina Marcela(Directora)Fractures are a leading cause of admission to wildlife rehabilitation centers and directly affect the survival of birds in their natural habitat. This monograph, based on a PRISMA 2020 systematic review of 57 articles published between 2014 and 2024, characterizes the medical-surgical management of fractures in wild birds and examines their implications for conservation efforts. A total of 71 injuries were identified. The most common sites were the tibiotarsus 27%, coracoid 11%, and ulna 11%, which together account for 49% of all cases. This indicates that nearly half of the traumas occur in the pelvic limb and the wing, regions essential for locomotion and flight. Raptors accounted for 87.6% of the reported cases, reflecting a bias toward species of high ecological value. Surgical management predominated over conservative treatment, using external fixators, intramedullary pins, and bone plates. Release rates were higher for long bone fractures and lower for articular or femoral injuries. The study concludes that treatment should be individualized, prioritizing functional recovery for release and applying ethical criteria when the prognosis is unfavorable. From a One Health perspective, the importance of biosecurity and responsible antimicrobial use in rehabilitation centers is highlighted.Item Análisis comparativo del uso de corticosteroides betametasona vs prednisolona en otitis externa, media e interna canina. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-31) Perdomo Galeano, Sofia Valentina; Correa Toro, Nelson William(Director)This systematic review addressed the complex problem of canine otitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the ear canal and surrounding structures, and one of the most frequent reasons for veterinary visits. The disease, resulting from multiple etiological factors, progresses to severe histological changes such as stenosis and fibrosis, complicating medical therapy. The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness and safety of betamethasone and prednisolone in the treatment of otitis externa, media, and interna in dogs, considering their distinct pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. The methodology was based on a comparative analysis of the pharmacology of both glucocorticoids, a review of the clinical efficacy reported in studies for different locations of otitis, and an evaluation of their safety profiles, including suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis and systemic effects. The results indicated that betamethasone, with its high anti-inflammatory potency and prolonged duration of action, was more effective in the rapid control of acute and severe otitis externa, especially in long-acting formulations that improved treatment adherence. However, it was associated with a higher risk of prolonged HPA axis suppression and elevated liver enzymes. On the other hand, prednisolone, with its intermediate potency and shorter duration of action, was established as the gold standard for the systemic treatment of otitis media and interna, as well as for chronic proliferative otitis externa, offering a better safety profile for medium- and long-term treatments. It was concluded that the choice between betamethasone and prednisolone should be precise, recommending topical betamethasone for acute otitis externa due to its effectiveness and ease of administration, and systemic prednisolone for otitis media, interna, and chronic stenotic conditions, due to its balance between systemic anti-inflammatory effectiveness and metabolic safety.Item Relación entre los niveles de Ácido Úrico en la sangre y los tipos de dietas en caninos: un estudio nutricional(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-27) Collazos Paz, Jose Manuel; Escobar Lozada, Isabella; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando(Director)This study analyzes the relationship between uric acid levels in the blood of canines in Santiago de Cali and three types of diets: concentrated feed, BARF (biologically appropriate raw food) diets, and mixed diets. The sample consisted of 35 healthy canines, evaluated through biochemical analyses and characterization surveys. The results showed that canines on a BARF diet presented the highest average uric acid levels (1.34 mg/dL), followed by the mixed diet (0.87 mg/dL) and the concentrated feed (0.72 mg/dL). Frequent consumption of offal was identified as the main dietary factor associated with increased uric acid levels. Additionally, a critical impact of hemolysis was quantified, which artificially raises uric acid levels by up to 97%, underscoring the importance of pre-analytical quality in veterinary diagnosis. It is concluded that there is a direct correlation between the type of diet and the purine profile, which requires adjustments in preventive nutritional recommendations.Item PLASMA RICO EN PLAQUETAS (PRP): IMPACTO EN LA REPARACIÓN DE HERIDAS EN PERROS Y GATOS.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-09-01) Reyes Vélez, Adriana Alejandra; Ospina Bolaños, Carlos Adrián(Director)This research addressed the persistent and complex problem of skin wound healing in small animals (dogs and cats), starting from the premise that traditional approaches are insufficient for extensive lesions or comorbidities. The objective was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the advances and scientific evidence regarding the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its derivatives from a regenerative medicine perspective. To this end, the accumulated scientific evidence was reviewed, with an emphasis on recent research, on the biological basis of platelet concentrates, their molecular mechanisms of action, and the critical variables in their preparation. Efficacy studies in canine and feline species were analyzed, including acute, subacute, and complex wounds (diabetic, cytostatic extravasation), as well as in immunocompromised patients. The antimicrobial properties of these concentrates were also evaluated. The results confirmed that PRP and its derivatives, such as PRF, accelerate macroscopic wound closure, improve the quality of regenerated tissue, and promote neovascularization. Furthermore, their regulatory capacity was demonstrated in diabetic patients through the modulation of gene expression, as well as their usefulness in felines, where they help compensate for the naturally slow healing process. In addition, antimicrobial activity against common pathogens was observed. Taken together, these findings support the scientific rigor and clinical versatility of this therapy. However, they also highlight the need for strict standardization of preparation and reporting protocols in order to consolidate the use of PRP and its derivatives as a potential standard of care in modern veterinary medicine.Item Diagnóstico clínico de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 en caninos: revisión sistemática de los avances y perspectivas en Medicina Interna.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-09-03) Tenorio Angulo, Diego Fernando; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa(Directora)Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) in canines is one of the most frequent endocrinopathies in veterinary medicine and represents an important diagnostic challenge due to the clinical variability and limitations of the available laboratory methods. This study aimed to evaluate recent scientific evidence on the clinical diagnostic methods used in the detection of DM1 in dogs, as well as to analyze the advances and emerging perspectives in veterinary internal medicine. A systematic descriptive and analytical review was developed, based on the PRISMA methodology, by searching for scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Original studies related to diagnostic tests, biomarkers, clinical findings and laboratory tools applied to canines with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were included. The results showed that the diagnosis continues to be based on anamnesis, cardinal clinical signs and conventional laboratory tests such as glycemia, uroanalysis and fructosamine; however, recent research has identified inflammatory, immunological and proteomic biomarkers with potential diagnostic and prognostic utility. Likewise, limitations were observed in the sensitivity and specificity of some traditional methods, as well as a lack of diagnostic standardization in veterinary clinical practice. It was concluded that advances in immunological biomarkers and molecular techniques could contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy and favor an earlier, more comprehensive and personalized clinical approach to DM1 in canines.Item Prevalencia e impacto clínico de la mixomatosis en conejos en la clínica Exotivet de Cali, Colombia (2022–2025)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-18) Ramirez Angel, Ana Sofia; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa(Directora); Velasco Rodríguez, Rodrigo(Director)Myxomatosis is a highly fatal viral disease that affects domestic rabbits and poses a clinical challenge in exotic animal medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of myxomatosis and describe its clinical impact in rabbits treated at the Exotivet veterinary clinic in Cali, Colombia, between 2022 and the first half of 2025. A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 601 rabbits, identifying 12 cases consistent with the disease, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.99%. The most common clinical signs included skin lesions, ocular involvement, and deterioration of general condition. Euthanasia was performed in all cases due to the poor prognosis, resulting in a 100% mortality rate. The lack of confirmatory diagnostic tests and the limited number of cases were the main limitations. Despite the low prevalence, the high mortality rate highlights the importance of strengthening preventive measures, owner education, and future epidemiological research in domestic rabbits.Item RIESGOS ANESTESICOS EN GATOS DURANTE PROCEDIMIENTOS QUIRURGICOS MAYORES: REVISIÓN SISTEMATICA(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-31) Jose Manuel Tovar Ruco; Rodríguez, Cristian Fernando(Director)This study presents a literature review on the main anesthetic risks in cats undergoing major surgical procedures, with emphasis on permissive hypotension (PH) as a strategy used in critically ill patients with active hemorrhage within the framework of Damage Control Resuscitation (DCR). It also addresses the physiological particularities of the feline species, whose hemodynamic and autonomic responses differ from those of other species and require specific considerations during anesthetic management. The study employed a PRISMA-based methodological framework for the search, selection, and analysis of the available scientific evidence. Permissive hypotension aims to maintain a Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) of 50–60 mmHg, preserving the perfusion of vital organs without promoting the dislodgement of newly formed clots. Experimental studies suggest that this pressure range can be maintained temporarily without causing irreversible organ ischemia. However, PH has important limitations, as its duration should not exceed 90–120 minutes and it is contraindicated in patients with traumatic brain injury or advanced renal or cardiac disease. Among the anesthetic risks identified are arterial hypotension, alterations in tissue perfusion, and complications associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), particularly at the pulmonary level. In summary, PH is a temporary strategy whose use requires continuous monitoring, appropriate clinical assessment of the patient, and anesthetic and postoperative management tailored to the physiological characteristics of the critically ill feline patient.Item Efectividad Terapéutica y Factores Asociados al Fracaso del Desbridamiento Corneal con Hisopo y Terapia Farmacológica en Perros y Gatos: Estudio Retrospectivo Analítico en Cali, Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-31) Angulo Micolta, Emmanuel; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando(Director)Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defects (SCCEDs) represent a common challenge in veterinary ophthalmology. Characterized by the inability of the corneal epithelium to adhere to the stroma after an ulceration. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study with an analytical component was conducted on 145 clinical records of canine and feline patients treated at a specialized clinic in Cali, Colombia (2020–2025). The evaluated protocol integrated mechanical debridement with a sterile cotton swab, 100% equine heterologous serum, chondroitin sulfate, ciprofloxacin, and biore-gulatory medicine. The sample was predominantly canine (91.7%), with higher frequency in males (55.2%), brachycephalic conformation (59.3%), and a mean age of 7.34 years. After excluding inconclusive cases, the clinical success rate reached 91.7%, with a mean re-epithelialization time of 23 days. Binary logistic regression analysis identified lack of domiciliary adherence to the treatment as the only independent predictor of failure (OR = 25.79). Brachycephalic conformation, age, lesion chronicity, and prior treatments were not significant predictors. The protocol results as a safe, accessible, and effective first-line therapeutic alternative, whose success depends on owner’s compliance.Item Frecuencia retrospectiva de los cuadros de disbiosis intestinal en psitácidos en una clínica de exóticos en Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-08-26) Estrada terreros, Andrea; Vargas Camargo, Oscar Julian(Director); Palomino Villada, Lina Marcela(Directora)The present study was carried out at the Exotivet Veterinary Clinic in Cali (Colombia) with the objective of determining the frequency of intestinal dysbiosis in psittacine birds attended during clinical consultation. Medical records that included coprological examinations exotic psittacine species were analyzed through direct coprological examination and Gram staining. The design was descriptive and cross-sectional, focusing on the identification of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria present in the samples in order to establish possible alterations in the intestinal microbial balance. Cases compatible with intestinal dysbiosis were identified, showing a higher proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in some evaluated birds. This study provided relevant clinical information on the intestinal microbiota of captive exotic psittacine birds and supported the use of Gram staining as a complementary diagnostic tool for the detection of dysbiosis in avian medicine.Item Análisis retrospectivo de resistencia antimicrobiana en primates en la Fundación Zoológica de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-26) Lamy Gutierrez, Laura sofia; Gasca Garcia, Maria Jose; Duque Zapata, Juan Diego(Director); Pena Stadlin, Juliana(Directora)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing threat to global health under the One Health approach, but remains insufficiently characterized in captive wildlife. The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance profiles in primates at the Cali Zoological Foundation through a retrospective analysis of microbiological records from 2020 to 2025. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted, analyzing 495 antibiogram records. Twenty bacterial species were identified in 26 unique isolates, with a predominance of Gramnegative bacteria (80.8%). 69.2% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), with the highest resistance to tetracyclines and beta-lactams. The results allowed for the establishment of resistance baselines for this population, the identification of bacteria that pose a health risk, and the provision of evidence to optimize therapeutic protocols under the One Health approach.Item Impacto negativo del consumo de carbohidratos no estructurales en la dieta del caballo: Revisión sistemática.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-25) Mendoza Marin, Ana Sofia; Correa Toro, Nelson William(Director)The increased use of energy concentrates and variations in pasture composition have increased horses' exposure to diets high in non-structural carbohydrates (CNE). This systematic review aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence on the impact of high CNE consumption on the metabolic and digestive health of horses. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 evaluating the physiological and clinical effects of diets rich in starches, simple sugars, and fructans were reviewed. The results show that excessive CNE consumption is associated with significant metabolic alterations, including sustained hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and regional fat accumulation, factors closely related to equine metabolic syndrome. Likewise, several studies report that diets high in CNE promote rapid fermentation in the large intestine, which can alter the intestinal microbiota, induce dysbiosis, and trigger systemic inflammation. These alterations contribute to the development of digestive and metabolic disorders, especially endocrinopathic laminitis. Overall, the evidence supports the idea that controlling intake of non-structural carbohydrates in the equine diet is a key strategy for preventing metabolic and digestive disorders. These findings highlight the importance of implementing nutritional management practices to regulate CNE intake and preserve the horse's metabolic health.