Medicina Veterinaria
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Item Estudio retrospectivo de la prevalencia y caracterización epidemiológica de enfermedades infecciosas en caninos, atendidos en cuatro clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de Cali durante el año 2024(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-17) Gómez Vásquez, Claudia Marcela; Carmona Marín, Yolanda; Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto(Director); Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio(Director)Infectious diseases in dogs are a frequent reason for consultation in veterinary clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiologically characterize infectious diseases in dogs treated at four veterinary clinics in the city of Cali during 2024. An observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted based on a review of the medical records of dogs treated between January 1 and December 31, 2024. The variables analyzed included veterinary clinic, sex, age group, breed category, origin of the etiological agent, specific agent, and semester of care. The analysis included descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. A total of 5,232 dogs were attended across the four clinics, of which 493 had infectious diseases, yielding an overall prevalence of 9.42%. The highest prevalence was observed at Mi Cachorrito (17.00%) and the lowest at Mundo Animal (7.90%). Regarding the etiological agent, parasitic origin predominated (68.8%), followed by bacterial (17.6%), viral (10.8%), and fungal (2.8%) origin. The most frequent specific agents were Cystoisospora (43.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (23.9%), Anaplasma platys (9.9%), canine parvovirus (9.1%), and Ehrlichia canis (4.3%). The most frequent age group was young adults (26.4%), and the distribution by sex was similar between females (50.3%) and males (49.7%). A significant association was found between the origin of the etiological agent and veterinary clinic (p < 0.001), as well as age group (p < 0.001), but not sex (p = 0.057) or semester of care (p = 0.237). It is concluded that infectious diseases in the evaluated population showed a predominance of parasitic agents and an etiological distribution influenced by veterinary clinic and age group, providing useful information for epidemiological surveillance and diagnostic guidance in dogs treated in Cali.Item Marcadores hematologicos y bioquimicos en la Erliquiosis canina segun la etapa de la enfermedad. Revisión sistemática.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-25) Arcila Ramirez, Mayra Alejandra; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa(Directora)Canine ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease that affects dogs in tropical and subtropical regions and can cause hematological and biochemical alterations that reflect the systemic impact of the infection. The objective of this study was to analyze the most frequent hematological and biochemical markers in dogs with canine ehrlichiosis, considering the different clinical stages of the disease, through a systematic review of the scientific literature. To this end, research and selection of scientific articles was conducted in biomedical databases that reported hematological, biochemical, or biomarker alterations associated with Ehrlichia canis infection. The included studies were analyzed and organized into three main categories: hematological changes, biochemical alterations associated with organ involvement, and emerging biomarkers with diagnostic or prognostic potential. The results showed that the most frequent hematological alterations were thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukopenia, which can present with varying intensity depending on the clinical phase of the disease and the presence of coinfections. Regarding biochemical changes, hepatic, renal, and protein metabolism alterations were identified, including increases in liver enzymes, changes in serum proteins, and alterations in renal parameters, suggesting multisystem organ involvement. Furthermore, recent studies have described emerging biomarkers, such as cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokines, and urinary biomarkers, which could contribute to a more accurate assessment of disease severity and associated organ damage. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that integrating hematological, biochemical, and emerging biomarker parameters, along with molecular and serological diagnostic methods, can improve early detection, clinical monitoring, and pathophysiological understanding of Canine ehrlichiosis.Item Prevalencia del linfoma en caninos adultos durante el 2024 en dos clinicas veterinarias de la ciudad Santiago de Cali, Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-07-22) Angulo Racines, Milton Andres; Perea Bravo, Juliana Teresa; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa(Directora)This study addresses canine lymphoma, a critical and prevalent neoplasm in veterinary oncology, a pathology of great relevance to veterinarians interested in tumor treatment. This review determined the prevalence of lymphoma in adult dogs treated during 2024 at two veterinary clinics in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, and described its distribution by age, sex, breed, and diagnostic method. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted by reviewing 124 medical records. Six confirmed diagnoses of lymphoma were identified, resulting in a low prevalence of 4.83%. The highest proportion of cases occurred in geriatric and male dogs; however, no statistically significant association was found with age or sex. The Cocker Spaniel breed was the most represented, aligning the review with international molecular genetic research that recognizes this breed as having one of the highest genetic risks for developing lymphoma. Histopathology was the most frequently used diagnostic method due to its ability to provide a detailed structural evaluation of the tissue, allowing for a more precise classification of the type of neoplasm, especially in pathologies such as lymphoma. It is concluded that the observed prevalence was low and no significant associations were established in the evaluated population, highlighting the need for future research with a larger sample size due to the small number of lymphoma cases diagnosed, which limited the statistical power of the tests performed, preventing the identification of a statistically significant association between variables such as age range and the presence of lymphoma.Item Prevalencia de bacterias asociadas a ETAS en carne de res comercializada para consumo humano en galerías de Santiago de cali(Universidad santiago de cali, 2026-06-23) Ruiz Ibarra, Nina Astrid; Apraez Viveros, Tania Stephany; Duque, Juan Diego(Director); Guarin, Camilo Ernesto(Director)Beef is one of the main sources of animal protein in the Colombian population’s diet. However, during production, slaughter, transportation, and commercialization, it may become contaminated with pathogenic bacteria that compromise food safety and represent a risk to public health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in beef marketed in public marketplaces in Santiago de Cali. Six fresh beef samples were randomly collected from different retail points. The samples were transported under controlled conditions and processed through microbiological analyses following the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 4458 and NTC 4574. The results showed a prevalence of Salmonella spp. of 83.3% (5/6 samples) and E. coli of 33.3% (2/6 samples), values that exceed the microbiological criteria established for food intended for human consumption. These findings suggest deficiencies in hygienic and sanitary conditions during meat handling and commercialization, which may increase the risk of foodborne diseases among consumers and highlight the need to strengthen sanitary surveillance and microbiological control measures in beef retail establishments in Santiago de Cali.Item Nutrición como factor clave en el síndrome metabólico equino: Revisión de las prácticas actuales, revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-12) Murcillo Jimenez, Juliana Andrea; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando(Director)El síndrome metabólico equino (SME) es un problema que se observa con frecuencia en la práctica clínica veterinaria y se asocia con alteraciones metabólicas del equino, incremento de peso en partes específicas del cuerpo y aumento del riesgo de presentar laminitis. En el ámbito colombiano, estas situaciones pueden aparecer en equinos con rutinas de alimentación muy poco controladas y baja actividad física. Para este trabajo se revisaron estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2024 en revistas arbitradas con enfoque en investigaciones hechas en Colombia y en menor medida, en Latinoamérica, con el fin de describir cómo el desarrollo y manejo de la nutrición se relaciona con la aparición y control de dicho síndrome. En los resultados se observó que las dietas con alto contenido de carbohidratos no estructurales, rendimiento bajo en su actividad física y mal manejo nutricional, donde se juntan de manera sólida con la resistencia a la insulina, la predisposición genética (como en ponis y razas “fáciles de engordar”) y la edad (caballos entre los 5 y 15 años) pueden ser también factores para desarrollar dicho síndrome. Así mismo, las estrategias descritas como la restricción energética, el control de carbohidratos, el manejo nutricional individual contribuye a la prevención y el control del SME. Se concluye que la nutrición ejerce un papel importante en el desarrollo y manejo del SME; se ve necesaria la integración de protocolos nutricionales que se basen en evidencia científica para mejorar la práctica clínica veterinaria. Palabras clave: Carbohidratos; Desarrollo; Insulina; Laminitis; Nutrición.Item Evaluación de la percepción del bienestar animal en jornadas de esterilización canina y felina: estudio descriptivo en Jamundí, Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-11) Rosero Varón, Jenny Andrea; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio(Director); Guarín Patarroyo, Camilo Ernesto(Director)This study evaluated perceptions, barriers, and factors associated with the acceptance of canine and feline sterilization campaigns in Jamundí (Valle del Cauca, Colombia), from a bioethical and animal welfare perspective. A mixed-methods descriptive design was used, analizing 194 surveys applied to participants and a structured observation checklist. Composite indices for animal welfare, logistics, and service quality were developed, and statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Spearman correlation. Results showed high levels of satisfaction, trust, and positive perception of animal welfare (mean = 4.76), as well as a strong correlation between satisfaction and future participation intention (ρ = 0.847; p < 0.001). Risk perception was not significantly associated with participation intention (ρ = -0.103; p > 0.05). Logistic aspects, particularly waiting time, were identified as areas for improvement. It is concluded that acceptance of sterilization campaigns is mainly driven by user experience and perceived service quality rather than perceived risk. These findings highlight the need to strengthen operational and bioethical standards to ensure interventions aligned with animal welfare and professional responsibility.Item Eficacia de los planes nutricionales controlados para el manejo de la obesidad canina: impacto en la reducción de peso y la condición corporal; revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-30) Santamaría Zambrano, Elizabeth; Ospina Varón, Carlos Mario(Director)This review analyzes canine obesity, recognized as a chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disease that compromises health and longevity. Its objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of controlled nutritional plans, address behavioral barriers between humans and animals, and review advances in dietary formulation to mitigate this global epidemic. The methodology is based on a comprehensive review of scientific evidence and clinical applications published between 2018 and 2025. The main findings demonstrate that obesity is not only an energy imbalance but also a state of endocrine dysregulation where adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines and hormones such as leptin (elevated) and adiponectin (decreased), affecting multiple organs and increasing the risk of cancer. Effective nutritional intervention is based on HPHF (high-protein, high-fiber) therapeutic diets, formulated to generate a negative energy balance while preserving muscle mass. Caloric intake should be adjusted to the resting energy requirement (RER) of the ideal weight, with a safe weight loss rate of 1–2% per week. Factors such as breed, age, and reproductive status influence the response to treatment. A critical barrier is the human factor: owners often underestimate their pets' weight and mistake begging for actual hunger. Strategies include feeding diaries, digital scales, and communication that emphasize the long-term benefits for longevity and well-being. Commercial prescription dry diets have been found to be more economical and safer in the long term than homemade diets. Weight maintenance is challenging, with a high rate of weight regain, requiring continuous monitoring and lifelong, low-calorie-density diets. In conclusion, controlled nutritional plans are the most effective and safe tool, provided they are implemented with early diagnosis, personalized therapeutic diets, effective behavioral management by the owner, and a long-term maintenance plan. The commitment of the veterinary team and empathetic education are crucial for success.Item Evaluación del sistema de radiación UV-C como estrategia de control microbiológico en mesas de consulta y jaulas en clínicas veterinarias.(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-11) Hernandez Suarez,Delia Karime; Cardona Grisales,Dahianna Andrea; Rodríguez Neira, Cristian Fernando (Director); Duque Zapata, Juan Diego(Director)ABSTRACT: Microbiological control is a necessary component of any veterinary practice to protect the safety of personnel and animals and to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ultraviolet C (UV-C) light as a means of disinfecting hospital cages in a veterinary clinic in Cali, in contrast to the traditional method of using sodium hypochlorite. A longitudinal experimental design was used, and sampling was carried out with swabs that were analyzed in a laboratory by culturing the swabs on nutrient agar followed by incubation for 24-48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius to qualitatively determine whether there was bacterial growth or not. The results indicated that the control samples had bacterial growth; there was a partial reduction in bacterial growth with the use of sodium hypochlorite; and there was a relationship dependent on the exposure time to UV-C, which resulted in the total elimination of microbial growth after 10 minutes. The results of this study contributed to the knowledge that UV-C light is a highly effective means of disinfecting veterinary hospitalization cages and that there are operational and environmental benefits to using UV-C light disinfection instead of traditional chemical disinfection methods, and, therefore, it would be a good addition to the biosecurity measures used in veterinary hospitals.Item Efecto del cambio de temperatura ambiental en la dinámica poblacional de Aedes aegypti y en la transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas en la zona amazónica de Brasil. Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-24) Calceto Valencia, Gabriel; Guarin Patarroyo, Camilo(Director)Introduction: Climate change, characterized by rising global temperatures, poses significant challenges to public health, particularly in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the selected databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Experimental, epidemiological, and modeling studies were included if they analyzed the relationship between temperature and biological parameters of the vector (reproduction rates, development, survival) and/or the incidence of arboviruses (dengue, Zika, chikungunya) in the Brazilian Amazon region or under relevant experimental conditions. Opinion articles, non-systematic reviews, and studies focused exclusively on other regions without relevant data for the Amazon were excluded. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The evidence consistently demonstrates that temperature is a key determinant in the biology of Aedes aegypti. Increasing temperature significantly accelerates larval development, shortens the life cycle, and increases female fecundity, leading to higher vector population density. However, extreme temperatures (>32–35°C) may have deleterious effects, increasing mortality and reducing survival. Likewise, modeling studies project an expansion of climatically suitable areas for Aedes aegypti in southern Brazil, while in warmer regions such as the Amazon, extreme temperature increases could paradoxically render some areas thermally limiting during certain times of the year. Conclusions: The reviewed evidence confirms that environmental temperature change is a key driver of Aedes aegypti population dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon. Warmer temperatures, within certain limits, accelerate its life cycle and enhance its vectorial capacity, increasing the risk of arbovirus transmission. Climate projections indicate a complex scenario in which some areas may become higher-risk zones, while others may experience seasonal reductions in transmission potential due to extreme heat. These findings underscore the urgent need to integrate climate, entomological, and epidemiological surveillance to develop early warning systems and adaptive, region-specific control strategies for the AmazonItem Terapias y aportes del Laboratorio Clínico en el Síndrome de Disfunción Cognitiva en perros Geriátricos; Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-06-11) Ríos Acevedo, Johana Andrea; Ríos Acevedo, Jhon Jairo (Director); Correa Toro, Nelson William (Director)This systematic review aimed to compile and analyze the most recent scientific evidence (2020–2025) on the comprehensive management of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) in geriatric dogs, encompassing pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions, as well as the contributions of the clinical laboratory to diagnosis and follow-up. A total of 336 articles were retrieved, 31 of which met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed and discussed. The reviewed studies demonstrated that pharmacological therapies, such as monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (selegiline), antioxidants, and nutraceuticals with omega-3 fatty acids, can improve cognitive function and quality of life in older dogs. Likewise, non-pharmacological interventions, including cognitive stimulation, environmental enrichment, and physiotherapy, showed synergistic effects when applied in combination with medical treatment. On the other hand, there was a growing interest in the role of the clinical laboratory in the differential diagnosis of CCD, through the use of serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (NfL, GFAP, β-amyloid), as well as advanced imaging techniques (MRI and PET) for the detection of brain atrophy and associated vascular abnormalities. These advances contribute not only to improving diagnostic accuracy but also to therapeutic monitoring and the differentiation of other neurological pathologies. Taken together, the evidence analyzed highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach that integrates clinical medicine, neuroimaging, and molecular biology in the management of CCD, strengthening its relevance as a comparative model for human Alzheimer's disease.Item Más allá de los resultados hormonales: Revisión sistemática de la variabilidad clínica y los errores más comunes al diagnosticar hipotiroidismo canino(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-05) Ruiz Torres, Isabella; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)Canine hypothyroidism is one of the most frequently diagnosed endocrinopathies in veterinary practice; however, its identification remains a challenge due to the wide clinical variability and the influence of multiple factors that can alter hormonal parameters without reflecting primary thyroid disease. This systematic review aimed to analyze the main biases and errors affecting the diagnostic interpretation of hypothyroidism in dogs, considering both the biological variability and the methodological limitations of studies published between 2020 and 2025. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines. Original studies in English or Spanish that used thyroid hormone tests and described diagnostic criteria applied in clinical canine populations were included. The results revealed heterogeneity in study designs, analytical methodologies, and criteria used to define hypothyroidism. The most frequent biases included non-random selection of animals referred for nonspecific signs, lack of confirmation through complementary tests (e.g., free T4 by equilibrium dialysis), and insufficient control for confounding factors such as systemic diseases, glucocorticoid use, breed variations, or the influence of metabolic status. Inconsistencies were also identified in hormonal measurement methods and in the references used to interpret total T4, free T4, and canine TSH. Overall, the evidence demonstrates that overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis stem primarily from exclusive reliance on individual parameters, isolated interpretation of clinical signs, and the absence of standardized diagnostic protocols. The need to adopt integrated diagnostic approaches and improve methodological quality to reduce variability and increase diagnostic accuracy in veterinary practice is emphasized.Item Precisión diagnóstica del hemograma automatizado y el frotis de sanguíneo en la detección de anemia hemolítica inmunomediada en perros: revisión sistemática(2026-05-28) Gómez Bravo, Herli Yurani; William Correa, Nelson (Director)Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is one of the most serious hematological conditions in dogs, characterized by antibody-mediated destruction of red blood cells. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the automated complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood smear (PBS) in dogs with IMHA, following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, among others) were searched with a time restriction of 2013–2025 and limited to Spanish, English, and Portuguese publications. Of 20 initially identified studies, 10 met the eligibility criteria. Results show that the automated CBC is essential for quantifying anemia severity and regenerative response through parameters such as PCV/hematocrit and reticulocyte count, although it lacks specificity to confirm an immune-mediated origin when used alone. The PBS complements this limitation through the detection of significant spherocytosis and persistent autoagglutination; these findings are supported by quantitative sensitivity and specificity data. Of the included studies, 83.3% reported combined use of both tests as a diagnostic criterion. However, incorporation of the evaluated parameters into the reference standard generated incorporation bias, limiting formal calculation of consolidated diagnostic accuracy. It is concluded that the sequential integration of the automated CBC and PBS constitutes the most efficient and cost-effective initial strategy for the presumptive diagnosis of IMHA in dogs; a three-phase diagnostic algorithm based on the reviewed evidence is proposed.Item Abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico del Síndrome de Addison en caninos: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-25) Pantoja Rodriguez, Jose William ; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)Addison’s disease or canine hypoadrenocorticism is an uncommon endocrinopathy characterized by deficient secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, leading to metabolic and electrolyte disturbances of variable severity. This systematic review aimed to identify the diagnostic criteria and the most effective therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of Addison’s disease in dogs. A structured literature search was conducted across scientific databases following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 studies addressing diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of the disease were included. The results demonstrated that the ACTH stimulation test remains the diagnostic gold standard, while basal cortisol measurement and the sodium-to-potassium ratio serve as complementary tools for clinical suspicion and initial screening. Regarding treatment, the combination of desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) and prednisolone was associated with improved clinical and electrolyte control due to its ability to more consistently restore mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid homeostasis, reducing serum sodium and potassium variability and improving long-term clinical stability. In conclusion, early diagnosis and individualized treatment significantly improve prognosis and patient quality of life, highlighting the need to strengthen standardized evidence-based clinical protocols.Item Prevalencia de bacterias de interés clínico veterinario en superficies de preparación y manipulación de alimentos en la cocina de un zoológico en Colombia, 2025(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-20) Loaiza Buitrago, Diana Fernanda; Salazar Sánchez, Vanessa; Duque Zapata, Juan Diego (Director); Peña Stadlin, Juliana (Director)The presence of bacteria of veterinary clinical interest was assessed on food preparation surfaces and food handlers in the kitchen of a zoo in Colombia during 2025. The objective was to determine their prevalence and distribution in different areas. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving sampling of surfaces, utensils, and food handlers, followed by microbiological analysis using conventional techniques. The results revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli on surfaces, most frequently in the meat processing area, and a predominance of Staphylococcus spp. on food handlers. No Salmonella spp. were detected. It is concluded that conditions exist that favor the presence of microorganisms in the evaluated environment, with food handling standing out as a key factor in the dynamics of microbiological contamination.Item Estrategias de manejo nutricional en perros con insuficiencia renal crónica y su impacto en la calidad de vida y el estado clínico(Universidad Santiago De Cali, 2026-05-22) Almeida Hincapie, Sara Valentina ; Gutierrez, Juan David (Director)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of serious illness in dogs, affecting their health and life expectancy. Proper nutritional management plays a crucial role in improving their well-being and increasing their life expectancy. This descriptive and analytical study focuses on exploring how nutritional strategies can influence dogs with CKD. Its objective is to identify which dietary practices could improve their quality of life and delay disease progression. Through a detailed review of recent scientific studies, the specific nutritional needs of dogs with CKD will be analyzed, as well as the effectiveness of key nutrients such as protein, phosphorus, and essential fatty acids. It will also explore how these nutrients impact dogs' quality of life and kidney function, as well as the relationship between specialized diets and clinical signs of the disease, such as urinary problems. This research aims to provide valuable information for both veterinarians and pet owners, facilitating the implementation of dietary interventions that help treat CKD more effectively and improve dogs' long-term quality of life.Item Efectos de la suplementación dietaria con curcumina sobre parámetros productivos en pollos de engorde: revisión sistémica(2025-03-30) Rojas Mendoza, Daniela; Gutiérrez Gómez, Juan David (Director)The poultry industry faces constant challenges related to variability and inefficiency in important production parameters, such as daily weight gain and feed conversion, which negatively impacts the sector's profitability. Due to this need, poultry producers have been tasked with seeking natural alternatives that contribute to the aforementioned parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence from the last ten years (2015-2025) on the effects of dietary curcumin supplementation in broiler chickens, in order to determine its impact. A systematic review was conducted to identify, select, and compare studies and results that evaluated curcumin versus conventional diets. The results of the review indicated that curcumin represents a viable nutritional strategy to optimize performance. The majority of the reviewed literature reported an increase in daily weight gain (DWG) and an improvement in feed conversion (FC) in supplemented birds. However, the magnitude of this benefit was found to vary, critically depending on the form of supplementation (highly bioavailable formulations, such as nanocurcumin, being more effective) and the context in which the poultry were used. It was concluded that curcumin was established as a promising natural additive with high potential to strengthen the efficiency and profitability of the poultry production system. Formulation standardization is recommended to maximize its commercial impact.Item Estrategias nutricionales del caballo criollo colombiano con síndrome metabólico equino: revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-03-30) Campo Martínez, Isabella; Perilla Amaya, Jorge (Director)Nutrition is a determining factor in maintaining the health and performance of equines, especially in the Colombian Criollo Horse, a breed of great genetic and functional importance in the country. The inappropriate use of concentrates and supplements can cause metabolic and digestive imbalances, including insulin resistance, laminitis, and obesity, significantly affecting the well-being and performance of these animals. This study aimed to analyze nutritional strategies aimed at improving metabolic health and preventing disorders associated with energy excess in this breed. A narrative literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and based on recent scientific publications that addressed the effects of different feeding practices on equine metabolic physiology. The results showed that diets high in concentrate and low in fiber increased the risk of developing metabolic disorders, while forage-based diets favored digestive, endocrine, and muscular homeostasis. Furthermore, the need to establish nutritional guidelines adapted to the tropical context and physical activity of the Colombian Criollo Horse was identified. In conclusion, the research highlighted that equine nutrition should be understood as an essential component of overall health and not solely as a means of energy supply, promoting veterinary advice in the formulation of balanced diets that guarantee the well-being, performance, and sustainability of this species.Item Alteraciones reproductivas en yeguas con disfunción de la pars intermedia de la glándula pituitaria (PPID)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-22) Garcia Alvarez, Isabella; Perilla Amaya, Jorge (Director)Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), commonly known as equine Cushing’s syndrome, is a prevalent endocrinopathy in geriatric horses that significantly affects the reproductive health and efficiency of mares. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of PPID on reproductive function in aged mares through a documentary review of specialized scientific literature. Studies related to the pathophysiology of the disease, hormonal mechanisms involved, and their effects on estrous cycle regulation, conception, and embryonic survival were examined. Evidence indicates that the dopaminergic neurodegeneration characteristic of PPID leads to hypersecretion of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides, including ACTH, α-MSH, and β-endorphin, resulting in metabolic, immunological, and endocrine alterations. These changes disrupt the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, leading to irregular estrous cycles, anovulatory follicles, decreased conception rates, early embryonic loss, and increased susceptibility to persistent endometritis. Additionally, insulin resistance and equine metabolic syndrome associated with PPID contribute to alterations in follicular dynamics and reduced oocyte quality. In conclusion, PPID represents a major factor in the reproductive decline of geriatric mares, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency, animal welfare, and the sustainability of equine breeding systems.Item Revisión sistemática sobre las causas, diagnostico y tratamiento de la dermatofitosis en felinos (2020 - 2025)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-26) Valdez Cabrera , Diana Carolina; Ospina, Carlos Adrián (Director)La dermatofitosis felina es una micosis superficial que representa un reto persistente en la medicina veterinaria por su alta contagiosidad, potencial zoonótico y resistencia ambiental. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre los factores etiológicos, métodos diagnósticos, tratamientos antifúngicos y estrategias de control ambiental relacionados con esta enfermedad en gatos. Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA 2020 para seleccionar estudios relevantes en bases de datos como Scopus, Science Direct y PubMed, priorizando investigaciones en español e inglés, centradas en felinos domésticos y en refugios. Los resultados indican que, si bien técnicas tradicionales como el cultivo micológico siguen siendo un estándar en el diagnóstico, herramientas moleculares como la PCR ofrecen mayor precisión y rapidez diagnóstica. En cuanto al tratamiento, se evidenció un uso predominante de itraconazol y terbinafina, aunque con reportes crecientes de resistencia por parte de Microsporum canis. Asimismo, la falta de estandarización en los protocolos de desinfección ambiental representa una brecha crítica en el manejo preventivo. Esta revisión destaca la necesidad de enfoques integrales, diagnósticos modernos y estrategias terapéuticas adaptadas al contexto clínico actual. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones directas para la salud pública y la medicina veterinaria en el marco del enfoque “Una Salud”.Item Impacto de la nutrición mineral en la reproducción de las hembras bovinas en Colombia: Un enfoque sistemático(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2026-05-26) Peñaranda Sánchez, Sara; Cabrera Matajira, Carlos Emilio (Director)Mineral nutrition plays a fundamental role in the reproductive efficiency of female cattle, as macro and microminerals are involved in essential physiological processes such as ovulation, fertilization, and embryonic development. In Colombia, mineral deficiencies represent a recurrent issue, particularly in production systems where pastures exhibit low concentrations of key elements such as calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc and selenium. The purpose of this study was to analyze, based on published scientific information, the impact of mineral nutrition on reproductive parameters in female cattle through a systematic literature review. To achieve this, specialized databases, including: Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scielo were consulted, selecting studies published between 2025 and 2025 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The findings indicate that proper mineral supplementation significantly improves conception rates, estrus expression, uterine involution, and embryonic viability. Conversely, deficiencies in minerals such as copper and selenium were associated with infertility, abortions, delayed puberty, and repeat breeding. In conclusion, mineral nutrition is established a key factor for optimizing bovine reproduction, and its proper management contributes to enhancing the sustainability and profitability of Colombian livestock production.