Browsing by Author "Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora)"
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Item Aplicación de la espectroscopia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS), en el análisis de aceites esenciales para aplicación industrial (cosmética y farmacéutica): Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Vasquez Obando, Sergio; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Vargas, Yaneth (Directora)This review presents the application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) in the analysis of essential oils, specifically in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and phytotherapeutic industries. This is a vibrational technique that uses light in the range of 780 to 2500 nm, allowing the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of biological samples. Among the most notable advantages are the minimal sample preparation and the ability to perform rapid and noninvasive analysis, however, the low sensitivity and complexity in the interpretation of spectra is a major disadvantage. The article highlights the use of NIR in quality control and in determining the chemical composition of essential oils, which are obtained by various extraction methods. The NIR technique is effective in identifying the purity and taxonomy of essential oils and in quantifying specific compounds such as terpenes. The present review also mentions the growing interest in essential oils due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and their use in natural and safe products compared to synthetic antioxidants. In the pharmaceutical industry, NIR could be used in the analysis of compounds in the pharmaceutical industry, while in the cosmetic industry, it could verify lipid oxidation and emulsion quality. NIR spectroscopy is a great tool in the analysis of essential oils, as it offers an efficient and accurate method to ensure the quality and safety of products in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.Item Aplicación de la espectroscopia infrarroja cercana (NIRS) en la calidad de la caña de azúcar durante la cosecha y postcosecha: Una revisión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Bravo España, Gefersoon; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora)Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has established itself as a crucial technique in the sugarcane industry, in the evaluation of quality parameters at different stages of the raw material to product conversion process. This article aims to review and compare the different recent research on the application of NIRS in determining crucial parameters in sugarcane quality at different stages of the process from identification in the cane stem to cane juice, such as fiber, Pol, total soluble solids, brix, the different linear regression techniques, the equipment used throughout this review. The most widely used NIRS analysis methodology is reflectance and transmittance since it provides sufficiently robust predictive models for the prediction of the factors already mentioned. The NIRS technique offers rapid and non-destructive evaluations, with great potential for the optimization of quality parameters in cane growth.Item Aplicaciones de NIRS en muestras de forraje para el análisis de los principales parámetros de calidad nutricional: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Jaramillo Zapata, Sergio Alejandro; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora)Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become established over the past decades as a rapid and non-destructive analytical technique for evaluating the chemical composition of forages. This method is based on the absorption of light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum and allows for the determination of various critical nutritional parameters in forage used for ruminant feed. Assessing these parameters is crucial for improving the quality of forage intended for animal feed, which directly impacts the productivity and health of ruminants. Tropical grasses, frequently used as forage, exhibit considerable variability in their nutritional quality due to environmental factors. In this context, the application of NIRS offers an invaluable tool for the rapid and accurate determination of key components, such as crude protein, fiber, and minerals, among others. This review focuses on the bibliographic search of recent studies on the applications of NIRS in forage samples, with a special emphasis on tropical grasses. The main nutritional quality parameters of forage are discussed, the NIRS technique is described, sample preparation is addressed, and the methodologies applied to obtain results in various studies are reviewed.Item Aprovechamiento de alcohol fusel en la obtención de productos de valor agregado utilizando perovskitas como catalizadores(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Valencia Castro, Jessica Andrea; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)At present, the quest for renewable carbon sources to generate energy and high-value products has seen a significant rise, particularly those enabling the extraction of chemical components traditionally derived from fossil fuels. Industrial processing of sugarcane yields various renewable materials, including fusel alcohol, offering the potential for conversion into valuable compounds. The catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol (mixture of different alcohols with C3 to C5) using the Guerbet reaction has not yet been widely explored, however, some of its components have already been used as starting material for this reaction using different catalysts. Thus, this work was aimed at the conversion of fusel alcohol by the Guerbet reaction using perovskite-type oxides of La (III) as cation A and Zn (II) or Ni (II) as cation B. The oxides were obtained by the calcination of their precursors synthesized by the coprecipitation method and were well characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA curves showed the complete decomposition of the precursors at 900 °C in 4 hours. XRD patterns confirm the formation of the perovskite phase. In addition, IR spectra of the synthesized materials show vibrations indicating the presence of Ni-O and Zn-O bonds. In the catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol, different groups of compounds were obtained, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, and ketones.Item Aprovechamiento del alcohol fusel utilizando la reacción de Guerbet catalizada por óxidos metálicos mixtos modificados con Zn2+/Co2+ y Zn2+/Fe2+(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) López Gómez, Angie Lorena; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)The search for methods for synthesizing value-added chemicals using renewable raw materials is constantly increasing, so the use of products and by-products derived from the industrial processing of sugar cane is of particular interest, such as fusel oil, which has been little studied as a substrate in the Guerbet reaction, which allows the synthesis of alcohols from longer chains and other products through parallel reactions. In this work, the catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol with mixed metal oxides (MMOs) derived from hydrotalcites (HDLs) modified with Zn2+/Fe2+ and Zn2+/Co2+.Zn2+/Fe2+ and Zn2+/Co2+ . The HDLs were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and through a subsequent heat treatment their respective OMMs were obtained. The materials obtained were characterized by infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (DRX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where their correct synthesis was confirmed. The catalytic conversion of the fusel alcohol was performed in a Bach-type reactor. Different physicochemical parameters were studied in the reaction and their products were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector. It was mainly evidenced the formation of families of alcohols and esters, followed by aldehydes, ketones and olefins, which was probably influenced mainly by the degree of acidity of MMOs according to the literature.Item Avances en el uso de espectroscopia NIR en el análisis como tecnología analítica para controles en proceso en tiempo real de la fabricación de formas farmacéuticas solidas: Revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Diaz Garces, Oscar Andres; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora)Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is currently the fastest growing and most versatile analytical method not only in pharmaceutical sciences but also in industry. Furthermore, new regulatory guidelines have driven the increased use of NIR technologies. The non-destructive and non-invasive nature of the measurements makes NIR a powerful tool in the characterization of pharmaceutical solids. These benefits, among others, often make NIR advantageous over traditional analytical methods. This review focuses on recent applications of NIR in pharmaceutical technology, covering the monitoring, by NIR, of many manufacturing processes, such as granulation, mixing or drying, in order to determine the end point of these processes and the determination of the quality and quantity of pharmaceutical compounds.Item Calibración en harina de arroz blanco para la determinación de las variables de SB y BD del perfil de viscosidad por la técnica espectroscopía de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS)(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Giraldo Ossa, Erika Fernanda; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Loaiza de la Pava, Jhoana Katerine (Directora)Currently, the importance has increased for the genetic improvement program of the Latin American Irrigated Rice Fund (FLAR) to evaluate the quality of rice through quick, economical, environmentally friendly tools that require a minimum of preparation for your analysis. Given the above, the possibility of using the NIRS near-infrared spectroscopy technique (400-250nm) was studied through the development of a calibration equation to measure the Breakdown (BD) and Setback (SB) variables, which currently are evaluated in the Rapid Visco Analyzer RVA equipment (by its name in English), these viscosity variables of rice starch allow us to associate the cooking quality of the grain. The implementation of this technique seeks to facilitate the analysis of early generation rice lines, since currently, due to the capabilities of the RVA, it is only possible to evaluate advanced lines. The calibration was carried out on a set of 196 samples with a mathematical treatment “2,16,32,1”, an MPLS partial least squares regression model and SNV and Detrend smoothing, where the following statistical data of the variables were obtained. viscosity of BD and SB which were RSQ calibration (0.864 and 0.853), SEC (129.580 and 234.552), 1-VR (0.786 and 0.761), SECV (350.939 and 635.427) and RPD (2.168 and 2.049) respectively. Subsequently, the developed equation was verified through internal and external validation, obtaining the following internal RSQ statistics (0.822 and 0.808) and a SEP (151.909 and 309.770), RSQ external (0.791 and 0.531) and a SEP (210.444 and 944.374) respectively for the BD and SB variables. The calibration equation presents a good prediction for routine evaluation in early generation samples for the BD variable.Item Conversión catalítica de alcohol fusel y etanol utilizando perovskitas del tipo LaM2+O3 como catalizadores(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Rojas Rivas, Sofia; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)Currently, the development of more environmentally friendly methodologies to produce value-added compounds (PVA) from renewable raw materials has been increasing, mainly for the production of derivatives from fossil sources. Among these raw materials, the products obtained from the industrial processing of sugar cane become important substrates for obtaining these compounds. Fusel alcohol (mixture of different low molecular weight alcohols), obtained as a by-product in the process of obtaining bioethanol via fermentation routes has become a raw material little explored to produce PVA. In addition, its use as a substrate in the Guerbet reaction (RG) has not yet been investigated, therefore, in this work it was proposed catalytic conversion by RG to obtain PVA, added, experiments were performed with ethanol, since this has already been used in GR with heterogeneous catalysts. For this, the use of catalysts possessing acid/base and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties such as perovskite type materials are necessary. For this reason, the synthesis, characterization (DRX, Raman, TGA, FTIR and SEM) was performed and use as heterogeneous perovskite catalysts of type LaM2+O3 where M2+ = Cu2+ or Co2+ in the catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol and ethanol using a low pressure fixed bed reactor in order to determine its influence on the type of pervoskitas and how it varies depending on the reaction conditions, added, the products obtained in both reactions were identified by means of CG-EM. They were obtained as main products in the reaction with fusel alcohol alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters, on the other hand, in the reactions with ethanol, acetaldehyde and 1-butanol was obtained, among other products due to secondary reactions. In the first case, it is necessary to continue the investigation in order to determine some possible routes of formation of the mostly obtained compounds; in the second instance, reactions tended to follow the Guerbet reaction path along with secondary reactions based on the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of molecules.Item Drones adaptados con sensores SVM (NIRS) para la caracterización rápida de suelos en caña de azúcar, una revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Muñoz Varela, Dylan Alejandro; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora)The need for robust, fast and accurate soil analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) technology presents a promising future for sustainable agricultural practices and efficient management of natural resources). Under this premise this article examines how advanced technologies, specifically drones and artificial intelligence (AI), are revolutionizing agriculture, with a particular focus on sugarcane production. The main objective is to analyze the effectiveness of these technologies in improving accuracy and efficiency in crop management. The methodology employed consisted of a documentary review of relevant literature on the use of drones in precision agriculture, with a qualitative focus on soil characterization and crop monitoring. A detailed analysis of two specific drone models, the DJI Inspire 2 and the DJI Phantom 4 RTK, was conducted, evaluating their applications, advantages and limitations in the agricultural context. The results revealed that the DJI Phantom 4 RTK provides accurate data for crop gap identification and plant health assessment, while the DJI Inspire 2, while useful for dynamic captures, has limitations in flight time and range. Furthermore, the integration of AI techniques and advanced sensors (NIRS,) such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), GNSS RTK sensor shows great potential to improve soil characterization and optimize agricultural management. In conclusion, the combination of drones and advanced technologies enables more accurate and sustainable agriculture, facilitating informed decision making and efficient resource management.