Browsing by Author "Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)"
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Item Actividad antimicrobiana de Fitocannabinoides como principios activos en plantas medicinales: Una revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Rivera Vargas, Maria Yuliel; Suarez Osorio, Liseth (Directora); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Phytochemical compounds have long been an alternative to traditional medicine, which is why the industrial sector is dedicated to the manufacture of products such as drugs, cosmetics and veterinary products, and have considered innovating their lines from raw materials derived from the extraction of active compounds from plants. In this way, plant material with various attributes or substances that are allowed and regulated by government entities for use and marketing has been sought. Due to the above, it was proposed to carry out this systematic review that aims to identify medicinal plants that contain phytocannabinoids and that have antimicrobial activity. The consulted databases corresponding to 83, of which documents dating from the years 2010 to 2022 were found, however, 24 were discarded, since they were related to clinical aspects of veterinary use and others due to the years of publication, the which are outside the range of the minimum 10 years to be taken into account for the development of the systemic review.Item Aislamiento de bacteriófagos provenientes de una muestra de origen ambiental con capacidad de infectar Salmonella spp(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Álvarez Pérez, Juan Martín; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Salmonellosis is a Foodborne Disease (FDB) that occurs due to contamination by bacteria of the Salmonella genus in edibles such as chicken and pork, as well as in products from poultry farms. Because the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in chickens has contributed to the selection of resistant bacteria, it is necessary to implement natural alternatives that allow the control of bacterial populations in poultry farms, bacteriophages being a possible option due to their high specificity to infect bacteria. Using the double layer method, bacteriophages were found in an environmental sample of chicken manure from a poultry farm located in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca, capable of infecting a strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ATCC 14028.Item Bacterias presentes en suelos contaminados con mercurio y su uso potencial en tecnologías de biorremediación: Una revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Valencia Victoria, Isabela; Ramírez Mosquera, Katheryn Nohelia; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Item Caracterización genética de aislados de Vibrio metschnikovii resistentes a antibióticos provenientes de una planta de tratamiento de lixiviados ubicada en Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Zúñiga Espitia, Carolina; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Vibrio metschnikovii is a Gram-negative bacillus that inhabits aquatic environments, including leachates, which are formed from the percolation of waste deposited in landfills. And that due to the high load of contaminants generate a selective pressure on bacteria, leading them to acquire extragenic elements such as plasmids that are disseminated from one bacterium to another through horizontal gene transfer, giving them characteristics that allow them to survive in adverse environments. Due to the high prevalence of V. metschnikovii isolates resistant to antibiotics in one of the lagoons without physicochemical treatment of a Leachate Treatment Plant, located in the municipality of Santiago de Cali, genetic characterization of these isolates was carried out in this work, with the objective of determining the genetic diversity of each one of the isolates. For this purpose, the isolates were genotyped by amplifying the extragenic palindromic repetitive sequences through the polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR). Additionally, it was determined whether the isolates carried plasmids and whether they had the ability to transfer horizontally. The results indicate that, although rep sequences are found in a wide variety of bacteria, V. metschnikovii does not have them. For this reason, it is suggested that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis studies be carried out to determine the genetic relationship between bacterial isolates. Additionally, it was possible to purify plasmid DNA in an amikacin-resistant isolate, which cannot be transferred by conjugation.Item Caracterización genética y perfil de sensibilidad a metales pesados en aislados de Pseudomonas mendocina provenientes de una Planta de Tratamiento de Lixiviados(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Burbano Verdugo, Laura Vanessa; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora); Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director)Pseudomonas mendocina is a Gram-negative bacillus capable of growing in leachates, which are characterised by high loads of organic matter and contaminants that exert a selective pressure in favour of bacteria that possess antimicrobial resistance determinants, which makes them candidates to evaluate their bioremediation potential. Therefore, in this work, genetic characterisation including genotyping of P. mendocina isolates from a Leachate Treatment Plant was performed through PCR amplification of palindromic extragenic repeat sequences (rep-PCR). In addition, the presence of plasmid DNA and whether it was transferable by conjugation was determined and, finally, the heavy metal sensitivity profile was determined. Some isolates were shown to be genetically related, to carry conjugative plasmids and to grow at different metal concentrations. In conclusion, they are suggested as candidate bioremediators.Item Determinación de la capacidad de formación de biopelículas en aislados de Escherichia coli resistentes a betalactámicos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Montehermoso Ramos, Kyara Stefania; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Escherichia coli is a bacterium capable of forming biofilms on invasive medical devices such as catheters, urinary catheters, artificial respirators, etc. When the infection is caused by isolates of E. coli resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, therapeutic options are severely limited, increasing patient morbidity and mortality. The main mechanism of resistance to beta-lactams is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate them. In Colombia, the blaKPC gene, encoding for KPC carbapenemase (Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase), is endemic in the country and, along with other enzymes like VIM and NDM, is primarily responsible for beta- lactam resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the biofilm formation capacity in isolates of beta-lactam-resistant E. coli. To achieve this, the presence of the blaKPC gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction, while the ability to form biofilms was assessed using the crystal violet assay. The results indicate that the blaKPC gene was present in 88% of the isolates evaluated, and 100% could form biofilms. These findings underscore the complexity of infections caused by beta-lactam-resistant E. coli and contribute to the development of more effective public health policies by hospital infection committees, tailored to the evolving bacterial resistance landscape, with the aim of reducing the prevalence of resistant strains at the hospital level.Item Determinación de los cambios que genera la presencia de los Iones Mg2+, Ca2+, y Na+en la proliferación de salmonelófagos líticos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Guazá Balanta, María José; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)One of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide is salmonellosis, which is caused by the bacterial genus Salmonella spp. The resistance to antibiotics that this bacteria has conferred begins the search for alternatives for its treatment, phage therapy being one of these. The adhesion of bacteriophages to the cell surface is the first and one of the main stages in viral infection. There are ions such as Mg+2, Ca+2 and Na+ that work as cofactors for the adhesion of bacteriophages to their hosts, resulting in an increase in the viral population. That is why in this work, based on the determination of the viral titer of a bacteriophage infective for Salmonella (4x109 PFU/mL), the changes in its proliferation in the presence of Mg+2, Ca+2 and Na+and ions were determined. The Mg+2 ion was the one in which changes were found that can potentiate the obtaining of the bacteriophage from a complex sample such as a solid environmental matrix.Item Establecimiento de las condiciones de compostaje utilizando microorganismos eficientes y desechos orgánicos producidos en restaurantes de la Universidad Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Cosme Perlaza, Jefrid Leandro; Molina Rada, Ananda Esther; Quijano Pérez, Silvia Andrea (Directora); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)The Santiago de Cali University produces a wide variety of wastes that are mostly organic and, currently, are not used properly. Composting emerges as an alternative that transforms solid waste into organic fertilizer for the soil, however, this process usually takes several months. The use of efficient microorganisms is an option to optimize the time of the composting process. The objective of this work was to establish the conditions for composting organic waste produced in restaurants of the Universidad Santiago de Cali, using efficient microorganisms and the Autonomous Composting System SAC-2250. Initially, the standardization of the conventional composting process was carried out, evaluating four treatments with different amounts and combinations of substrate. The results indicate that treatment 1 (3 parts of organic matter per 1 of sawdust) had the best behavior compared to that reported in the literature (the duration of the process is 45 days). Subsequently, three efficient microorganisms identified as Klebsiella oxytoca, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Pantoea spp were isolated and inoculated in treatment 1. The results indicate that the inoculum reduced the composting process in 20 days, when compared with the control cell. The proper management of the organic waste will significantly reduce the accumulation of them, decreasing the environmental impact and therefore the rate of cleanliness in the institution, in addition it faces an aesthetic and landscape component in the community Santiaguina.Item Identificación de bacterias productoras de Betalactamasas de espectro extendido en fertilizantes orgánicos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2023) Espinosa Santa, Gabriela; Montero Castrillón, Paola Andrea; Correa Bermúdez, Adriana María (Directora); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Organic fertilizers have played a fundamental role nowadays due to their multiple benefits on soils and on the environment by not producing harmful chemicals for it, without leaving behind certain key factors such as their components to make them more natural, such as the waste produced by livestock. Thus, a search for enzymes encoded by third generation cephalosporin resistance genes was carried out by means of susceptibility tests, synergy tests and PCR from industrial and artisanal fertilizers, which are available for free sale to the public. The results indicated 100% presence of genes related to antibiotic resistance in the 19 isolates analyzed, 68.42% of which were identified as E. coli and 31.58% as K. pneumoniae, with the bla CTX-M gene standing out among them, being present in 84.21% of the isolates. In conclusion, it was confirmed that organic fertilizers can act as a possible source of dissemination of multiresistances.Item Potencial farmacológico del extracto diclorometánico de Piper aduncum en la búsqueda de moléculas con actividad antimicobacteriana(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Alférez Osorio, Luisa Fernanda; Gómez Viera, Santiago; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Clinically important non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a diverse group of microorganisms that cause a wide variety of infections in the skin, soft tissues, respiratory tract, among others. These mycobacteria present intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics, requiring the development of new drugs for their control. A previous study conducted at the Universidad Santiago de Cali demonstrated the antimycobacterial potential of three plants of the genus Piper (P. aduncum L, P. auritum Kunth and P. peltatum L). In the present study, the pharmacological potential of Piper aduncum leaf dichloromethanolic extract was evaluated on clinical isolates of M. abscessus, M. massiliense, M. bolletii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and strain M. smegmatis mc2155 by broth microdilution method. The results show that the dichloromethanolic leaf extract of P. aduncum presents a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) between 128 and 512 µg/mL on the different clinical isolates used. In addition, the extract was fractionated by open column chromatography, obtaining 14 fractions of different polarities, demonstrating that the fractions of greater polarity (F12, F13 and F14) present inhibitory activity on M. smegmatis mc2155, obtaining a MIC and MIC between 136.50 and 929.50 µg/mL, possibly demonstrating the phenomenon of synergy between the bioactive compounds present in each fraction, which designates the mutual potentiation of several active principles. This study is expected to serve as a basis for the development of new antimycobacterial drugs.Item Terapia fágica en la era de la multirresistencia bacteriana. Una revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Pantoja Camacho, Lady Daniela; Martinez Martinez, Edgar Andrés; Aranaga Arias, Carlos Andrés (Director); Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora)Antibiotics have played an important role in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. However, the high rates of resistance currently reported towards these drugs represent a public health problem. Bacteriophages constitute an alternative to mitigate the resistance to the use of antibiotics because they are capable of infecting and lysing bacteria in a specific way, without these processes being affected by the changes that led to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, bacteriophages are suitable candidates to exert biocontrol in bacteria of clinical interest. To determine whether phage therapy has been successful in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, this systematic review of scientific literature was carried out. Using PRISMA methodology, three scientific databases were selected: Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, from which 25 research articles and clinical cases from the last 10 years that met the inclusion criteria were included. A review of the information from each study was carried out and it was determined that most of the infections were caused by bacteria such as S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumanii. The results indicate that the era of multi-resistance to antibiotics promoted the increase in therapy with bacteriophages in the last three years. Likewise, in 92% of the cases studied, its application was successful. Even though positive results have been obtained in the application of phage therapy, more studies related to pharmacokinetics are needed, as well as to demonstrate more safety concerning its administration, to standardize the treatment to be used according to the infection to be treated.Item Verificación de la técnica del método horizontal para la detección y el recuento de Listeria monocytogenes en un laboratorio bioindustrial(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Corrales Correa, Valeria; Baloco Sánchez, Luis Alexander; Falco Restrepo, Aura Dayana (Directora) ; Figueroa, María Ximena (Directora)Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, which makes it a public health problem due to its clinical manifestations such as meningitis, septicemia, abortion, among others. The lack of quality controls in the food production process increases the risk of infection, so a quick detection is essential. In this work, the verification of the horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of L. monocytogenes in the SYNLAB Laboratory was carried out following the ISO 11290 Standard. For this purpose, the strains were standardized, the culture media were tested for productivity and selectivity and the horizontal method was performed. Good precision and accuracy were obtained by achieving reproducibility percentages higher than 73.7% and a value close to 90% in the concordance correlation coefficient, and, finally, a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. No significant figures were observed between the two analysts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the verification.