Facultad de Ciencias Básicas
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Browsing Facultad de Ciencias Básicas by Author "Álvarez Álvarez, Derly Natalia"
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Item Caracterización química y evaluación de un esquema tecnológico para la obtención de compuestos bioactivos de la cáscara de banano en dos estados de maduración(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Rodallega Rodallega, Esperanza; Álvarez Álvarez, Derly Natalia; Suarez Osorio, Liseth (Directora); Tusso Pinzón, Ricardo Andrés (Director)Bananas are a high-yielding crop that generates a wide variety of by-products, most notably the peels, which, depending on their bromatological characteristics, can have a variety of industrial and food applications. Likewise, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which are common biological substances in nature, are used to treat cardiovascular problems and other pathologies associated with radical oxidation. In this research, the chemical characterization and evaluation of a technological scheme for obtaining these compounds in banana peel was carried out. This was done first by determining the percentage yield, taking into account the ripening stage, temperature, extraction time and solvent concentration. After this, a phytochemical march of the extract was developed, followed by the quantification of phenols and flavonoids by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, the determination of the antioxidant capacity by the DPPH method, the identification of compounds by infrared spectroscopy and the evaluation of a technological scheme for obtaining phenolic compounds by means of Aspen Plus. As results, it was obtained that the most effective extraction was with 50% industrial ethanol at 50 ºC and 30 minutes of extraction, for the mature peel a percentage yield of 37% was obtained and in the green peel it was 9.78%, also, the content of total phenols was 59,590 EAG/L in the mature peel and 49,291 EAG/L in the green peel, with concentrations of flavonoids of 296 ppm and 40 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the functional groups identified in the infrared spectrum are related to flavonoids of the flavonol type, which is estimated to be a galactocatechin, requiring 2.8 ppm of extract to inhibit 50% of the free radicals of DPPH. In addition, the aspen pluss simulation shows that the extraction of the compounds is not economically feasible.