Especialización en Sistemas de Información Geográfica
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Browsing Especialización en Sistemas de Información Geográfica by Author "Castillo Bautista, Mónica Patricia"
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Item Aplicación de herramientas SIG en la evaluación de la cobertura de AICAs bajo criterios bioclimáticos: caso Thraupidae(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024-08-10) Castillo Bautista, Mónica Patricia; Cabezas Alzate, Diego FernandoThe use of geographic information systems - GIS tools facilitate the development of biogeographic studies and are useful in planning and decision making regarding the conservation of biodiversity. Critical areas for this are the important bird areas - IBAs that are constituted based on different ecological and geographical criteria. The bird family Thraupidae is the second with the most bird species, with exclusive distribution in the neotropics, however, about 20% of its species are with some category of extinction threat.. Bioclimatic specialization is a criterion that can be used in the planning of conservation areas since it allows the detection of geographic zones with a large number of specialist species that could be more sensitive to current climate change. In this work, the concentration of Thraupidae species that show biotic specialization and the percentage of their area within the existing IBAs is evaluated using GIS tools. The study area was taken at a continental scale between coordinates 30ºW to 119ºW and 30ºN to 60ºS, using the WGS-84 reference system. The biome map was georeferenced from an image, using a third-degree polynomial transformation and then digitized manually. A grid was then generated to intersect with the species distribution to determine the species concentration. The criteria to bioclimatic characterization of the species were that the species occupied at least 15% of the area of a biome and/or at least 50% of the area of a biome was occupied by the species. It was found that Thraupidae species are mostly found in the rainforest and tropical dry forest biomes, where the greatest number of biome specialist species are also found. The region with the highest concentration of specialist species are in the cerrado brasileño, the upper Amazon River basin and the Galapagos Islands. The use of GIS tools together with the evaluation of criteria such as bioclimatic ecological specialization and threat categories allowed the identification of relevant geographic areas for the conservation of the Thraupidae family, establishing a comparison between the range of distribution of specialist and threatened species of the family and the areas covered by the IBAs, showing a low representation of IBAs in the cerrado brasileño, which is proposed as an area of special attention for the planning of areas of interest for the conservation of birds.