Especialización en Control de la Contaminación Ambiental
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Browsing Especialización en Control de la Contaminación Ambiental by Author "Pérez Vidal, Andrea"
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Item Manejo de excretas y aguas residuales en comunidades rurales. Efectos en la salud pública(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Piza De La Hoz, Janis Jaqueline; Pérez Vidal, AndreaIn the 21st century, urban and rural communities have a serious environmental and public health problem because they do not have an adequate process of liquid waste management that is controls of domestic management, of agricultural and industrial processes. The majeo and treatment of wastewater and excreta is important because it affects the physical and chemical conditions of the water and in turn generates a negative impact on people's health. This reflection article focuses on the bibliographic review of the conceptual elements that allow the understanding of the management of wastewater and excreta taking into account the impact that is generated on the physical, chemical and health factors, a review of the experiences of wastewater management in Latin America and in the Colombian context, a balance on wastewater treatment technologies in rural areas was also carried out. Next, an analysis is carried out on the characteristics of the wastewater and its relation to public health. Additionally, a collection of primary information was carried out in the community of Vereda El Peón, corregimiento de Pance, rural area of Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca - Colombia, In order to identify the health problem related to the management of excreta and wastewater, they especially affect the youth population. In conclusion, the treatment of wastewater is relevant in the community for public health and the environment.Item Manejo inadecuado de residuos sólidos urbanos desde una perspectiva técnica y psicosocial(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Gómez Ordoñez, Luz Zenaida; Pérez Vidal, AndreaResearchers of environmental problems, in the area of social sciences, emphasize that to try to solve environmental problems due to the accelerated and irreversible degradation and / or disappearance of natural resources, it is not enough to implement strategies for the treatment of SRs and emphasize the need to know the processes through which behavior and attitudes about the environment are developed (De Castro, 1994). Mosler (1993) points out that “the current environmental problems are not problems between people and the environment, but rather as a product of the problems among the members of a social system.” Therefore, this bibliographic review article aimed to identify the factors that influence the behavior of a person, compared to the management of waste using as a basis the Theory of Reasoned Action (TAR) of Ajzen and Fishbein (1980), which states that each person with their values, beliefs, information and behavior prints particular characteristics to the space that inhabits and the elements of said space and highlights the importance of the modification of the behavior and attitudes of each individual in a given space.The document was articulated in three sections, the first describes the generalities of integral management of solid waste (GIRS), the second one deepens the importance of environmental education (advances and limitations) and Finally, the psychosocial aspects associated with solid waste disposal are described. Finally, it was found that factors such as economic, cultural and knowledge about the importance of environmental protection and about the methods of recycling and classification of solid waste, influence the behavior of each person individually and collectively in solid waste management.Item Minería de oro de aluvión: Efectos en el recurso hídrico y la salud de los mineros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Loboa Balanta, Liliana; Pérez Vidal, AndreaGold mining is a profitable activity in the world. The gold costs tend to increase annually on the world market at the same time, in turn increasing mining activity. The gold mining is classified according to precedence in primary and secondary; the secondary refers to alluvial deposits of gold. The gold extraction techniques could vary according to the mining scale and level of technology. Many gold companies around the world use toxic chemicals like mercury, affecting the environment, water resources and some ecosystems through the accumulation and biomagnification processes. Also, the mercury affects the human health, causing different types of cancer. The gold mining practices in developing countries have many risks that have been triggered by political, social, economic, and administrative factors, affecting the worker health. In this review paper, mining exploitation was approached with a world-wide vision, climbing to the national level and to the Cauca region, particularly observing the local reality in the municipalities of Suárez, Buenos Aires and Santander de Quilichao. These latter municipalities report inadequate management of substances such as mercury, which has generated environmental and public health effects from the irrational use of this chemical. Additionally, the pilot experience of the La Estrella mine in the municipality of Suárez is reported, which has been applying clean mining and has completely replaced the use of polluting substances such as mercury and cyanide.Item Minería de oro: Tecnologías de Extracción, Ventajas y Efectos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Lucumí Golu, Hugo Jair; Colorado Aponza, Pablo César; Pérez Vidal, AndreaGold is an element with various industrial uses as electrical conductor in the microprocessor development or as a luxury item. Gold is naturally stored in veins or in alluvial deposits and therefore the technologies used for its extraction may vary. This review paper presents an analysis of the exploitation methods, technologies, advantages, and effects of gold mining, focused on the Colombia context. In the extraction of gold by alluvium, methods such as gravimetric concentration or batting, amalgamation and in a few cases distillation are highlighted, using motorized pumps, water monitors used for crumbling material, dredges, backhoes and bulldozers. Meanwhile, the vein gold extraction process highlights methods such as crushing, grinding, amalgamation and cyanidation, which employ technologies similar to the previous process with the difference of the use of furnaces and torches. The main advantage associated with gold mining is the source of economic incomes for millions of people. Unfortunately, the absence of government entities in charge of regulating mining activities and the inadequate use of their equipment and machinery seriously affect the environment and human health.Item Tecnologías para biorremediación de suelos y aguas contaminadas con hidrocarburos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Leyton Franco, Maria del Pilar; Pérez Vidal, AndreaHydrocarbons are substances widely used in industry and everyday life. They are present in many processes and consumer products. However, these compounds have a high polluting potential if they are spilled or disposed in the environment. This review paper is focused on the bioremediation technique, being the most studied and used for the hydrocarbon removal. Bioremediation is the use of natural organisms that degrade hydrocarbons as an essential part of their metabolism. This method is environmentally friendly since no chemical substances with adverse reactions in the environment are used and no waste are generated. Some of the most used organisms are bacteria, plants and fungi with removal efficiencies of various types of hydrocarbons exceeding 60%. It is worth mentioning that a large part of the reported studies have been carried out on a pilot or laboratory scale. This due to the difficulty of continuous monitoring and recording in real-scale places, such as an ocean or contaminated terrain. Efforts are still required to optimize these strategies and get more and better solutions for the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites.