The role of the peritrophic matrix and red blood cell concentration in Plasmodium vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis

dc.contributor.authorBaia-Da-Silva, Djane Clarys
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez, Luis Carlos Salazar
dc.contributor.authorLizcano, Omaira Vera
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Fábio Trindade Maranhão
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Stefanie C. P.
dc.contributor.authorOrfanó, Alessandra Silva
dc.contributor.authorPascoal, Denner Oliveira
dc.contributor.authorNacif-Pimenta, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez, Íria Cabral
dc.contributor.authorGuerra, Maria Das Graças Vale Barbosa
dc.contributor.authorLacerda, Marcus V. G.
dc.contributor.authorSecundino, Nagilá Francinete Costa
dc.contributor.authorMonteiro, Wuelton Marcelo
dc.contributor.authorPimenta, Paulo Filemon Paolucci
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-09T20:30:35Z
dc.date.available2019-07-09T20:30:35Z
dc.date.issued2018-03-06
dc.description.abstractBackground: Plasmodium vivax is predominant in the Amazon region, and enhanced knowledge of its development inside a natural vector, Anopheles aquasalis, is critical for future strategies aimed at blocking parasite development. The peritrophic matrix (PM), a chitinous layer produced by the mosquito midgut in response to blood ingestion, is a protective barrier against pathogens. Plasmodium can only complete its life-cycle, and consequently be transmitted to a new host, after successfully passing this barrier. Interestingly, fully engorged mosquitoes that had a complete blood meal form a thicker, well-developed PM than ones that feed in small amounts. The amount of red blood cells (RBC) in the blood meal directly influences the production of digestive enzymes and can protect parasites from being killed during the meal digestion. A specific study interrupting the development of the PM associated with the proteolytic activity inhibition, and distinct RBC concentrations, during the P. vivax infection of the New World malaria vector An. aquasalis is expected to clarify whether these factors affect the parasite development. Results: Absence of PM in the vector caused a significant reduction in P. vivax infection. However, the association of chitinase with trypsin inhibitor restored infection rates to those of mosquitoes with a structured PM. Also, only the ingestion of trypsin inhibitor by non-chitinase treated mosquitoes increased the infection intensity. Moreover, the RBC concentration in the infected P. vivax blood meal directly influenced the infection rate and its intensity. A straight correlation was observed between RBC concentrations and infection intensity. Conclusions: This study established that there is a balance between the PM role, RBC concentration and digestive enzyme activity influencing the establishment and development of P. vivax infection inside An. aquasalis. Our results indicate that the absence of PM in the midgut facilitates digestive enzyme dispersion throughout the blood meal, causing direct damage to P. vivax. On the other hand, high RBC concentrations support a better and thick, well-developed PM and protect P. vivax from being killed. Further studies of this complex system may provide insights into other details of the malaria vector response to P. vivax infection. © 2018 The Author(s).en_US
dc.identifier.issn17563305
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.usc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12421/314
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltd.en_US
dc.subjectChitinaseen_US
dc.subjectHematocriten_US
dc.subjectMalariaen_US
dc.subjectPeritrophic matrixen_US
dc.subjectPlasmodium vivaxen_US
dc.subjectTrypsinen_US
dc.subjectAnimalsen_US
dc.subjectAnophelesen_US
dc.subjectBlooden_US
dc.subjectDigestive System Physiological Phenomenaen_US
dc.subjectErythrocytesen_US
dc.subjectHematocriten_US
dc.subjectHost-Parasite Interactionsen_US
dc.subjectLife Cycle Stagesen_US
dc.subjectMalariaen_US
dc.subjectMealsen_US
dc.subjectMosquito Vectorsen_US
dc.subjectPlasmodium vivaxen_US
dc.subjectAnimal tissueen_US
dc.subjectAnophelesen_US
dc.subjectMetabolismen_US
dc.subjectEnzymologyen_US
dc.subjectHost parasite interactionen_US
dc.titleThe role of the peritrophic matrix and red blood cell concentration in Plasmodium vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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