Ciencia Política
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Item Capítulo 5. Párraga: de la tranquilidad al miedo(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Torres Ortiz, Slendy Yarithse; Ardila Behar, Ana Carolina (Directora)This chapter seeks to present a detailed account of the events that occurred in the village of Párraga, in relation to the Colombian armed conflict. The text addresses four key moments for the reconstruction of violence in that town: the arrival of a guerrilla group in the area, the intervention of military intelligence soldiers (who managed to evict the armed group from the area), the arrival of the paramilitary group Yumbo Front ofthe Calima Block (with the objective of carrying out a social 'cleansing') and the current situation of the village. The narrative was built using information obtained from interviews, observation and analysis of documentary sources. The results make it possible to assess progress in terms of reconstruction, security and community development, as well as pending challenges and future prospects.Item Factores de vulnerabilidad en materia de eficacia y funcionalidad de la conciliación(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Banguero Popo, Nicole; Escobar Ospina,Carlos Andrés (Director)This article explores conciliation, an alternative dispute resolution mechanism that has evolved significantly, being incorporated into the administration of justice as a tool whose nature is aimed at decongesting the courts and facilitating access to justice. The formalization is explained both constitutionally and in relation to the regulatory background of the same within the Colombian judicial system that dates back to two centuries ago, establishing the analysis of a timeline that goes from ancient times to modern times, where currently two types of conciliation were established: judicial and extrajudicial, the latter being subdivided into conciliation in law and in equity. Likewise, factors that undermine the effectiveness of its management or operation are identified, factors that are constituted by institutional barriers, such as insufficient economic resources and corruption or inequality in access, since 88% of conciliation services are concentrated in the main cities, while 45% of the rest of the municipalities lack these services. cultural barriers such as distrust and lack of a culture of dialogue are also pointed out. Finally, it establishes the future perspectives of this instrument, highlighting the need to evolve in parallel with sociocultural and legal transformations, as well as the study of the implementation of new technologies.Item Balance bibliográfico sobre las pandillas juveniles en Santiago de Cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Avenia Soto, Natalia; Cuevas Arenas, Héctor (Director)The purpose of this article is to provide a bibliographical balance that contributes significantly to social science research on youth gangs in Cali. This is a topic of interest for study by careers that encompass the social sciences, thus demonstrating the importance and usefulness for academics, social analysts, assembly members, councilmen, and the National Government. Specifically, it is an issue that from the political sciences is important both for the understanding and interpretation of the phenomenon, as well as for decision making. In the previous line, we seek to provide different perspectives on the violence imposed by youth gangs, criminality and governance in the various urban contexts of the city of Santiago de Cali. It allows understanding how youth gangs significantly influence local politics, power dynamics, public safety and public policy formulation. It also helps to identify the economic and social factors that are part of the formation of these youth gangs, which gives rise to the creation of strategies for the prevention and control of violence imposed by these gangs. Methodologically, this bibliographic review was constructed by accessing different databases on the Internet to compile the required information and from there to make an analysis of the categories, conceptualizations and methodologies developed. The research reviewed shows that gangs should not be considered solely as violent collectives, but as a reaction to the absence of social integration and the frustration of young people in exclusionary environments. Structuralist approaches have predominated in the literature consulted, indicating that poverty, inequity and lack of opportunities are the main factors that drive their creation and continuity. The contribution of other disciplines such as social psychology and its focus on identity and intra-group dynamics also stands out.Item Capítulo 7. Llano Verde: Construcción de un Territorio de Paz(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Botero Bernate, Luisa Fernanda; Behar Leiser, Olga Grace (Directora)The present chapter addresses the Llano Verde massacre that occurred in August 2020 and the aftermath that the armed conflict and violence have left on the local population. It also highlights the voices of the inhabitants of this place, resonating with a desire for peace and unity, especially among the Afro-Colombian, indigenous, and rural communities that reside there. The reconstruction of their memory has been crucial in shedding light on the dark episodes ofthe past, promoting truth, reconciliation, and forgiveness. The stories shared here aim to reveal the lesser-known side of Llano Verde, the everyday life of its residents who have endured the consequences of the armed conflict and the social divides that have deepened over the years.Item Capítulo 8: Puerto Resistencia: Reconstrucción de un Tejido Social(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Esquivel Guaza, Daniel Steban; Ardila Behar, Ana Carolina (Directora)This chapter focuses on the case of Puerto Rellena, a neighborhood in the eastern part of Cali, whose social and economic composition has been shaped by violence, exclusion, and displacement. Through the historical narration of Puerto Resistencia, named as such after the social protests of 2019 and 2021, a memory is constructed that goes beyond the neighborhood itself, encompassing the communities that found an opportunity in it to rebuild their social fabric. The research is based on various forms of communication, documentary review, interviews, and fieldwork in the territory to integrate multiple perspectives and investigations on the subject. Throughout this study, it analyzes how these historical circumstances and social demands have shaped the identity and struggle of Puerto Resistencia in the midst of stigmatization by certain political sectors.Item Capitulo 4. La Habana: 20 años después de la masacre(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Astaiza Gonzalez, Catalina; Sanclemente Flórez, Dahiana; Ardila Behar, Ana Carolina (Asesora)The sociopolitical conflict in Colombia encompasses decades of history and multiple armed actors. This chapter seeks to carry out a memory reconstruction exercise on the events that occurred in the Havana massacre, perpetrated on October 10, 2001 by members of the Calima Bloc of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), where several peasants were murdered. The following narrative was achieved from interviews, field work, legal documents and documentary review. The testimonies collected during the interviews provided details about the manner in which the murders occurred, the circumstances surrounding the event, and how it impacted their lives until today. In addition, the field work provided additional information, which allows us to put this act of violence in context.Item Mecanismos alternativos de resolución de conflictos: una herramienta eficiente para la justicia y la coexistencia social de las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025) Orobio Grisales, Bella Valentina; Peña Cuervo, María Isabel (Directora)This paper analyzes alternative conflict resolution mechanisms and their relevance in the process of providing care and reparation to victims of the Colombian armed conflict, with a special focus on 2016, a key year marked by the signing of the Final Peace Agreement between the National Government and the FARC-EP. In this context, ADRs emerge as a fundamental instrument or mechanism to complement the traditional or formal judicial system, allowing for a more participatory and restorative justice system tailored to the specific needs of those affected by this era of violence. As a starting point, the various alternative conflict resolution mechanisms existing and used in Colombia are clarified, such as conciliation, mediation, arbitration, and restorative justice. These mechanisms allow conflicts to be resolved without resorting to lengthy judicial processes, thus favoring peaceful, cost-effective, and less re-victimizing solutions. They are especially useful in community settings, where collective participation and dialogue are key to healing the wounds of conflict. The effectiveness of these mechanisms is examined in the context of the 2016 conflict. During this period, various spaces and strategies were promoted to implement alternative conflict resolution mechanisms, such as Houses of Justice, Collective Reparation Programs, and the creation of bodies such as the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, which incorporated restorative principles. These initiatives provided opportunities for victims to be heard, recognized, and symbolically compensated, while facilitating the reconstruction of the social fabric and full coexistence in the different territories. The rehearsal reveals that, although ADRs have had positive impacts and have contributed to positively social tensions and building institutional trust, they also face significant challenges. These include logistical and financial limitations, limited coverage in rural areas of the country, a lack of specialized training for operators, and cultural resistance to non-punitive mechanisms. Despite these difficulties, ADRs remain a key tool for the reconciliation process and peacebuilding in Colombia. This essay concludes that ADRsarenotonlyimportant as acomplementtoformal justice, but also as drivers of the cultural change needed to overcome such long and exhausting decades of violence. They must be a priority in building a stable, lasting, and victim-centered peace.