Especialización en Control de la Contaminación Ambiental
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Browsing Especialización en Control de la Contaminación Ambiental by Subject "Aluvión"
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Item Minería de oro de aluvión: Efectos en el recurso hídrico y la salud de los mineros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Loboa Balanta, Liliana; Pérez Vidal, AndreaGold mining is a profitable activity in the world. The gold costs tend to increase annually on the world market at the same time, in turn increasing mining activity. The gold mining is classified according to precedence in primary and secondary; the secondary refers to alluvial deposits of gold. The gold extraction techniques could vary according to the mining scale and level of technology. Many gold companies around the world use toxic chemicals like mercury, affecting the environment, water resources and some ecosystems through the accumulation and biomagnification processes. Also, the mercury affects the human health, causing different types of cancer. The gold mining practices in developing countries have many risks that have been triggered by political, social, economic, and administrative factors, affecting the worker health. In this review paper, mining exploitation was approached with a world-wide vision, climbing to the national level and to the Cauca region, particularly observing the local reality in the municipalities of Suárez, Buenos Aires and Santander de Quilichao. These latter municipalities report inadequate management of substances such as mercury, which has generated environmental and public health effects from the irrational use of this chemical. Additionally, the pilot experience of the La Estrella mine in the municipality of Suárez is reported, which has been applying clean mining and has completely replaced the use of polluting substances such as mercury and cyanide.Item Minería de oro: Tecnologías de Extracción, Ventajas y Efectos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Lucumí Golu, Hugo Jair; Colorado Aponza, Pablo César; Pérez Vidal, AndreaGold is an element with various industrial uses as electrical conductor in the microprocessor development or as a luxury item. Gold is naturally stored in veins or in alluvial deposits and therefore the technologies used for its extraction may vary. This review paper presents an analysis of the exploitation methods, technologies, advantages, and effects of gold mining, focused on the Colombia context. In the extraction of gold by alluvium, methods such as gravimetric concentration or batting, amalgamation and in a few cases distillation are highlighted, using motorized pumps, water monitors used for crumbling material, dredges, backhoes and bulldozers. Meanwhile, the vein gold extraction process highlights methods such as crushing, grinding, amalgamation and cyanidation, which employ technologies similar to the previous process with the difference of the use of furnaces and torches. The main advantage associated with gold mining is the source of economic incomes for millions of people. Unfortunately, the absence of government entities in charge of regulating mining activities and the inadequate use of their equipment and machinery seriously affect the environment and human health.