Browsing by Author "Botero Carvajal, Alejandro"
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Item Acerca de autores - Globalización y Sintomatología Social(Universidad Santiago de cali, 2018) Jiménez Urrego, Ángela María; Farriol, Cristóbal; Méndez Tez, Christian Camilo; Vargas Prado, Daniela; Arango Arias, Luz Stella; Jiménez Urrego, Ángela María; Gallo, Héctor; Lucumí, Luisa María; Reinales Solís, Karol; Lombardi., Gabriel; Peláez Gómez, Dylan Alexander; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Loaiza Ceballos, Paula Andrea; Solano Macías, René; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Guevara Pillimué, Nancy LorenaProponer una reflexión acerca de la Globalización y de la sintomatología social, adquiere una magnitud sideral, si se admite la transformación vertiginosa del conocimiento en el último siglo y de sus inevitables repercusiones en la relación del hombre con el mundo. Pese a lo ambicioso de la propuesta, su pertinencia es innegable como continuidad de un proceso que inició el Homo Sapiens, ante la urgencia de resolver los enigmas que surgieron con la observación, el asombro y la incertidumbre implícitos en el afán de sobrevivir.Item Agotamiento profesional en personal de enfermería y factores de riesgo psicosocial(Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacologia y de Farmacologia Clinica y Terapeutica, 2019-12-01) Méndez Beltrán, Jenny; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroIntroducción: La salud de los profesionales de salud mejora la atención de los usuarios mientras que el desgaste laboral disminuye la calidad de la atención. El objetivo es describir los factores asociados al agotamiento profesional en personal de enfermería. Métodos: Se buscó en: Pubmed, Scopus, Elsevier y Science Direct, la población objeto fue personal de enfermería diagnosticada con síndrome de desgaste profesional (burnout). Resultados: El personal de enfermería se encuentra en riesgo de padecer síndrome de desgaste profesional. Las variables intralaborales estadísticamente significativas fueron: puesto de trabajo con labores de servicio al cliente, profesiones de ayuda, trabajar en Unidad de Cuidados intensivos, intimidación por parte de un residente, anuncio de defunción. Se identifican factores protectores como las emociones de compasión y satisfacción, practicar pasatiempos, vocación de trabajar en enfermería, mayor remuneración económica y liderazgo. Discusión: Se plantea la necesidad de implementar factores protectores en los programas de salud y seguridad en el trabajo dirigidos al personal de enfermería.Item Características clínicas de la población con rendimiento escolar bajo(Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacologia y de Farmacologia Clinica y Terapeutica, 2019-12-01) Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Jiménez Urrego, Ángela MaríaIntroducción: Uno de cada seis personas en el mundo es adolescente. El 16 % de las enfermedades en esta población son problemas de salud mental. Los problemas de salud mental se relacionan con problemas escolares. El estudio describe las problemáticas de salud mental en la población con rendimiento escolar bajo. Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal, 784 estudiantes participaron en el estudio, se aplicó la Entrevista Neuropsiquiatríca Internacional (MINI), a la totalidad de estudiantes. Resultados: 20.4% consume sustancias psicoactivas, 35.3% presenta alteraciones en el estado del ánimo, 34.8% presenta anhedonia. Cuadro depresivo en un 19.6%, alteraciones de peso y apetito en 12.8%, alteraciones del sueño 17.3%, 19.3% ideas de minusvalía, ideación suicida 23.2% y disfunción familiar en el 55.9% de la población. Discusión: Explicitar la salud mental en la población con bajo rendimiento escolar permite la reflexión sobre la dirección bidireccional.Item Dependence on mobile devices among health science university students: a cross-sectional analytical study(World Institute for Engineering and Technology Education, 2022) Giraldo Jiménez, Claudia F.; Campo Bermúdez, Ingry Y.; Muñoz Hoyos, Mónica; Quintero Puentes, Isabella; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Valderrama Aguirre, Augusto; Millán Estupiñan, Juan C.BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with in-hospital mortality after a coronary artery bypass (CABG) in a high-complexity clinic in the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. METHODS: A retrospective case-control analytical study was performed. Cases were defined as adult patients that had undergone CABG and died within 30 days of the surgery. Patients aged ≥18 years that had undergone isolated surgeries were included, i.e. procedures without other interventions combined. Patients were excluded from this study if: 1) they had missing data in their medical records; 2) they had previously been in a state of coma; or 3) they had previously undergone cardiac surgery other than a bypass procedure. Exposure variables were measured at three stages: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. RESULTS: The study included 77 cases and 308 controls. The most common cause of death was cardiogenic shock (53.2%), followed by sepsis (27.3%). The multinomial logistic regression model revealed an association of in-hospital mortality with preoperative variables of age >75 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.1-5.8, P=0.032), low socioeconomic status (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-5.2, P=0.034), heart failure (HF) (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.5-7.0, P=0.002), unstable angina (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.9-9.0, P=0.000), acute myocardial infarction (AMI)≤7 days (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.1-13.7, P=0.037), chronic kidney insufficiency (CKI) (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-7.0, P=0.018), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.2-6.8, P=0.019), and urgent/emergent surgery (OR=8.2, 95% CI: 2.0-34.5, P=0.004). Of the intraoperative variables, the model showed an association between the use of inotropic agents (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-6.4, P=0.011) and cardiogenic shock (OR=50.6, 95% CI: 7.5-339, P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies the factors during preoperative and intraoperative periods that are associated with in-hospital mortality in patients that have undergone CABG.Item DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN WITH INTR AUTERINE EXPOSURE TO ZIK A VIRUS: CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY(2023-07) Estupiñan Perez, Victor Hugo; Jiménez Urrego, Angela M.; Cruz Mosquera, Freiser E.; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroZika virus infection affects the development of the nervous system. This study describes the cognitive, adaptative, communicative, social and motor neurodevelopment of children exposed to Zika virus in utero. We used the Batelle scale to assess neurodevelopment three years after birth. Thirty children were included, who had a mean age at evaluation of 37.5 (IQR: 35.7-39.2) months. We found the following equivalent ages in months for each area: motor 25.8 (SD: 7.8), adaptive 26.7 (SD: 5.8), communicative 30.2 (SD: 6.9), social personal 33.5 (SD: 8.3) and cognitive 35.6 (SD: 5.9). Children showed development delay for their chronological age, 25 children were delayed in one of the five areas assessed. A high rate of children exposed to Zika virus during gestation presented delayed developmental age, mainly regarding the adaptive and motor areas.Item Efectos adversos de la dipirona: Reporte de caso de encefalopatía hipóxica(Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacologia y de Farmacologia Clinica y Terapeutica, 2019-12-01) Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Jiménez Urrego, Ángela MaríaIntroducción: la dipirona es el tratamiento usual en muchos países para el manejo del dolor, se conocen efectos adversos alrededor del mundo, sin embargo, no se ha reportado un caso de hipoxia Encefálica. Metodología: Reporte de caso de hipoxia encefálica. Resultados: Paciente de 55 años con historia de asma bronquial desde hace 10 años. Ingresa a urgencias 28 de febrero de 2016, por cuadro de dolor e inflamación de los testículos de dos días de evolución. Posterior a la administración de Dipirona, se presenta una reacción medicamentosa severa, presenta síntomas vagales, perdida de tono muscular, emesis de contenido alimentario, sibilancias universales, dificultad respiratoria y entra en paro cardiorrespiratorio. Luego de reanimación, el electroencefalograma consigna anomalía por disfunción cortical generalizada tipo encefalopatía GIII, sin patrón epileptiforme y sin trazo isoeléctrico. Conclusiones: la dipirona genera eventos adversos en el hígado que requiere una mayor discusión en la farmacología clínica aplicada.Item Executive Functions in a Patient with Low-Grade Glioma of the Central Nervous System: A Case Report(MDPI, 2024) Guerrero Gómez, Manuel José; Jiménez Urrego, Ángela; Gonzáles, Fernando; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroCentral nervous system tumors produce adverse outcomes in daily life, although low-grade gliomas are rare in adults. In neurological clinics, the state of impairment of executive functions goes unnoticed in the examinations and interviews carried out. For this reason, the objective of this study was to describe the executive function of a 59-year-old adult neurocancer patient. This study is novel in integrating and demonstrating biological effects and outcomes in performance evaluated by a neuropsychological instrument and psychological interviews. For this purpose, pre- and post-evaluations were carried out of neurological and neuropsychological functioning through neuroimaging techniques (iRM, spectroscopy, electroencephalography), hospital medical history, psychological interviews, and the Wisconsin Card Classification Test (WCST). There was evidence of deterioration in executive performance, as evidenced by the increase in perseverative scores, failure to maintain one’s attitude, and an inability to learn in relation to clinical samples. This information coincides with the evolution of neuroimaging over time. Our case shows that the presence of the tumor is associated with alterations in executive functions that are not very evident in clinical interviews or are explicit in neuropsychological evaluations. In this study, we quantified the degree of impairment of executive functions in a patient with low-grade glioma in a middle-income country where research is scarce.Item Factors associated with family function in school children: Case-control study(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-03) Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Jiménez Urrego, Ángela María; Gutierrez Posso, Ana G.; Calero Flórez, Mario; Hernandez Carrillo, MauricioBackground: Family functionality is that which promotes the integral development of its members, as well as a favorable state of health in them; fulfilling the basic parameters of adaptation, participation, growth, affection, and resources. Family dysfunction is understood as the failure to comply with any of these functions due to an alteration in one or more of the subsystems. Objective: There is little research on variables related to family functioning with a case-control design, for this reason, we present the family functioning of school students, identify variables found to be related to family functioning, and describe a model of variables related to family dysfunction. Materials and methods: Analytical study of cases and controls. The sample was made up of 290 students. The APGAR scale was used to identify family dysfunction. The statistical processing was done in Epi-Info 7.0 and STATA 14. The variables that were considered were: Municipality, area, age, sex, school grade, mother's age, disability, and displacement. Results: The factors associated with adequate family function were: displacement, (OR = 0.17, CI: 0.03–0.99). You are followed, your parents pay attention and listen to you (OR = 0.25, CI: 0.08–0.74), you talk to your mother every day (OR = 0.35 CI: 0.16–0.74), you spend free time with your parents (OR = 0.41, CI: 0.20–0.86), play sports at least once a week (OR = 0.42, CI = 0.20–0.91), and finally, attend religious services (OR = 0.51, CI: 0.29–0.90).Item Factors related to technical management and adverse drug event reporting in independent retail pharmacies in Cali, Colombia(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Castro Espinosa, Jobany; Jiménez Urrego, Ángela María; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroIndependent retail pharmacies are required to have a technical manager responsible for the operation and adverse drug event reporting. In this context the following investigation is developed based on one objective: To establish factors related to the technical management and adverse drug event reporting in independent retail pharmacies in Cali. This is a cross-sectional observational study. Data was randomly collected from an estimated sample of 244 independent retail pharmacies. The results show that storage was the area of greatest implementation, 94% of the assessed pharmacies had a technical manager and 50% of them reported adverse drug events. A technical manager, being a chemist, pharmacist, or pharmacy manager, was associated with having computer equipment and dispensing homeopathic products. Adverse drug event reporting was directly associated with having bibliographic resources and inversely associated with the technical manager being a drug retailer. These data show the factors related to technical management of independent retail pharmacies and adverse drug event reporting were identified.Item Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Schumacher, Austin E.; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Aali, Amirali; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Jaffar; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroBackground: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic.Item Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Brauer, Michael; Roth, Gregory A.; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Zheng, Peng; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroBackground: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk–outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk–outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk–outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk factors that act indirectly on outcomes via intermediate risks. Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk–outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. Estimates reported represent the mean value across 500 draws from the estimate's distribution, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile values across the draws. Findings: Among the specific risk factors analysed for this study, particulate matter air pollution was the leading contributor to the global disease burden in 2021, contributing 8·0% (95% UI 6·7–9·4) of total DALYs, followed by high systolic blood pressure (SBP; 7·8% [6·4–9·2]), smoking (5·7% [4·7–6·8]), low birthweight and short gestation (5·6% [4·8–6·3]), and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 5·4% [4·8–6·0]). For younger demographics (ie, those aged 0–4 years and 5–14 years), risks such as low birthweight and short gestation and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (WaSH) were among the leading risk factors, while for older age groups, metabolic risks such as high SBP, high body-mass index (BMI), high FPG, and high LDL cholesterol had a greater impact. From 2000 to 2021, there was an observable shift in global health challenges, marked by a decline in the number of all-age DALYs broadly attributable to behavioural risks (decrease of 20·7% [13·9–27·7]) and environmental and occupational risks (decrease of 22·0% [15·5–28·8]), coupled with a 49·4% (42·3–56·9) increase in DALYs attributable to metabolic risks, all reflecting ageing populations and changing lifestyles on a global scale. Age-standardised global DALY rates attributable to high BMI and high FPG rose considerably (15·7% [9·9–21·7] for high BMI and 7·9% [3·3–12·9] for high FPG) over this period, with exposure to these risks increasing annually at rates of 1·8% (1·6–1·9) for high BMI and 1·3% (1·1–1·5) for high FPG. By contrast, the global risk-attributable burden and exposure to many other risk factors declined, notably for risks such as child growth failure and unsafe water source, with age-standardised attributable DALYs decreasing by 71·5% (64·4–78·8) for child growth failure and 66·3% (60·2–72·0) for unsafe water source. We separated risk factors into three groups according to trajectory over time: those with a decreasing attributable burden, due largely to declining risk exposure (eg, diet high in trans-fat and household air pollution) but also to proportionally smaller child and youth populations (eg, child and maternal malnutrition); those for which the burden increased moderately in spite of declining risk exposure, due largely to population ageing (eg, smoking); and those for which the burden increased considerably due to both increasing risk exposure and population ageing (eg, ambient particulate matter air pollution, high BMI, high FPG, and high SBP). Interpretation: Substantial progress has been made in reducing the global disease burden attributable to a range of risk factors, particularly those related to maternal and child health, WaSH, and household air pollution. Maintaining efforts to minimise the impact of these risk factors, especially in low SDI locations, is necessary to sustain progress. Successes in moderating the smoking-related burden by reducing risk exposure highlight the need to advance policies that reduce exposure to other leading risk factors such as ambient particulate matter air pollution and high SBP. Troubling increases in high FPG, high BMI, and other risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome indicate an urgent need to identify and implement interventions. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Item Globalización y Sintomatología Social(Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2018) Jiménez Urrego, Ángela María; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Méndez Tez, Cristóbal; Vargas Prado, Crhistian Camilo; Arango Arias, Daniela; Gallo, Luz Stella; Lucum, Héctor; Reinales Solís, Luisa María; Lombardi, Karol; Peláez, Gabriel; Loaiza, Dylan Alexander; Solano Macías, Paula Andrea; Guevara Pillimué, René; Lorena, NancyProponer una reflexión acerca de la Globalización y de la sintomatología social, adquiere una magnitud sideral, si se admite la transformación vertiginosa del conocimiento en el último siglo y de sus inevitables repercusiones en la relación del hombre con el mundo. Pese a lo ambicioso de la propuesta, su pertinencia es innegable como continuidad de un proceso que inició el Homo Sapiens, ante la urgencia de resolver los enigmas que surgieron con la observación, el asombro y la incertidumbre implícitos en el afán de sobrevivir.Item Introducción - Pro-logos de la investigación psicoanalítica: huellas universitarias(Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Jiménez Urrego, Ángela MaríaLa investigación en psicoanálisis como partenaire de la obra que el lector tiene en sus manos, obedece a la actividad colectiva de estudiantes y asistentes del semillero de investigación LOGOS de la Universidad Santiago de Cali y de cuatro invitados nacionales e internacionales: Beatriz Elena Maya de la Universidad de Antioquia; Daniel Felipe Gómez León de la Universidad del Valle y Vanina Muraro y David Krapf de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El interés por realizar esta compilación surge a partir de numerosas voces que, en su recorrido por las lecturas psicoanalíticas, crean inquietudes ante el lugar que ocupa el Psicoanálisis en la actualidad y que se transforman en huellas académicas que inspiraron el título de nuestro texto.Item Lazo social y tacto pedagógico: una respuesta a la expresión globalizante en la escuela - Globalización y Sintomatología Social(Universidad Santiago de cali, 2018) Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Guevara Pillimué., Nancy LorenaProponer una reflexión acerca de la Globalización y de la sintomatología social, adquiere una magnitud sideral, si se admite la transformación vertiginosa del conocimiento en el último siglo y de sus inevitables repercusiones en la relación del hombre con el mundo. Pese a lo ambicioso de la propuesta, su pertinencia es innegable como continuidad de un proceso que inició el Homo Sapiens, ante la urgencia de resolver los enigmas que surgieron con la observación, el asombro y la incertidumbre implícitos en el afán de sobrevivir.Item Modelos mentales, globalización y desarrollo humano - Globalización y Sintomatología Social(Universidad Santiago de cali, 2018) Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Loaiza Ceballos, Paula AndreaProponer una reflexión acerca de la Globalización y de la sintomatología social, adquiere una magnitud sideral, si se admite la transformación vertiginosa del conocimiento en el último siglo y de sus inevitables repercusiones en la relación del hombre con el mundo. Pese a lo ambicioso de la propuesta, su pertinencia es innegable como continuidad de un proceso que inició el Homo Sapiens, ante la urgencia de resolver los enigmas que surgieron con la observación, el asombro y la incertidumbre implícitos en el afán de sobrevivir.Item Performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Oncopediatric Patients in an Oncology Unit in Cali, Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study(MDPI, 2024) Jiménez Urrego, Ángela María; Santa, Valeria; Guerrero Gómez, Manuel José; Guerrero Benitez, Angie Carolina; Romo González, Tania; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroBackground: In 2020, the prevalence of cancer rose to 844,778 cases among the population aged 0–19 years. Approximately 90% of individuals under 18 years of age reside in low- and middle-income countries, where cancer survivors report adverse outcomes that negatively impact their general health, emotional state, and external factors such as academic performance due to the effect of these outcomes on executive functions. The Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST) is the gold standard for evaluating executive functioning. Therefore, this article (1) reports the performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in oncopediatric patients from Cali, Colombia; (2) indicates the reliability of the WCST; (3) describes the association between cancer type and executive functioning in patients; (4) describes the differences between patients with various executive deficits and their executive total scores; and (5) describes the association between cancer type and the presence of brain deficits based on the WCST. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 24 oncopediatric patients were interviewed and evaluated via the WCST. Results: The mean age was 12.08 years (SD 3.98); 20.8% of the patients were women, 70.8% had a primary diagnosis of leukemia, 8% exhibited acquired brain deficits, and more than 75% displayed adequate functional indicators of executive functions. Robust statistics were employed to explore the differences between the types of diagnosis and performance in executive functions, and no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.156). We found that the WCST has a reliable Cronbach’s α of 0.804. Oncopediatric patients without brain deficits presented strong results in terms of executive functions (p = 0.002), with a moderate effect size (0.727). Conclusions: The WCST is reliable for discriminating executive functioning among pediatric cancer patients. The evidence suggests that there were no differences in the executive functioning of the participants based on the types of cancer being evaluated.Item Prevalence of mental disorders in children treated in a public psychiatric hospital(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018-12-18) Hernandez Carrillo, Mauricio; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Jimenez Urrego, Angela Maria; Gutierrez osso, Ana G.; Miranda-Bastidas, Carlos A.Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales presentados en meno- res de edad en un hospital psiquiátrico departamental. Método Estudio de prevalencia de periodo. Se empleó una base de datos secundaria suministrada por el Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario del Valle (HPUV) de Santiago de Cali, proveniente del registro de la historia clínica sistematizada correspondiente al año 2014. La población estuvo conformada por los pacientes menores de edad que consultaron durante el periodo, se utilizó la totalidad de los registros disponibles en la base de datos. Resultados Del total de consultas atendidas se encontró que el 35,7% (755) correspondía al sexo femenino y el 64,3% al masculino (1 361). El principal diagnostico psi- quiátrico atendido en esta población fue el episodio depresivo con 11,6% seguido por los trastornos mixtos de la conducta y de las emociones con un 8,5%. Conclusiones La evolución en el tiempo de la salud mental no ha cambiado significativamente. La pasada encuesta nacional de salud mental 2015 presenta resultados similares al encontrado en el presente estudio, particularmente en la región pacífica, donde la depresión y trastornos de conducta son más prevalentes.Item Prólogo - Globalización y Sintomatología Social(Universidad Santiago de cali, 2018) Jiménez Urrego, Ángela María; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Méndez Tez, Cristóbal; Vargas Prado, Christian Camilo; Arango Arias, Daniela; Gallo, Luz Stella; Lucum, Héctor; Reinales Solís, Luisa María; Lombardi, Karol; Peláez, Gabriel; Loaiza, Dylan Alexander; Solano Macías, Paula Andrea; Guevara Pillimué, René; Lorena, NancyProponer una reflexión acerca de la Globalización y de la sintomatología social, adquiere una magnitud sideral, si se admite la transformación vertiginosa del conocimiento en el último siglo y de sus inevitables repercusiones en la relación del hombre con el mundo. Pese a lo ambicioso de la propuesta, su pertinencia es innegable como continuidad de un proceso que inició el Homo Sapiens, ante la urgencia de resolver los enigmas que surgieron con la observación, el asombro y la incertidumbre implícitos en el afán de sobrevivir.Item Psicología y salud mental durante el periodo de pandemia y postpandemia de covid-19 : experiencias y construcciones desde la universidad(Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-03-05) Obando Cabezas, Lucely; Javier Ordoñez, Edwar; Piragauta Álvarez, Carolina; Vélez Botero, Lina Fernanda; María Barrero, Angélica; Molina Pertuz, Verónica Lucía; Sapene Chapellín, Alejandra Cristina; Botero Carvajal, Alejandro; Silva, Sofía; Murillo Murillo, Daniel Alejandro; Noreña Ortiz, Natalia; Macias Bosch, Vivian Marcela; Duque Giraldo, Juliana; Pinillos Trujillos, María Del Mar; García Carvajal, Estefanía; Parra García, Tatiana; Rodríguez Sánchez, Daniela;Item Psychological suppressive profile and autoantibodies variability in women living with breast cancer: A prospective cross-sectional study(2022-10) Romo González, Tania; Barranca Enríquez, Antonia; León Díaz, Rosalba; Del Callejo Canal, Enrique; Gutiérrez Ospina, Gabriel; Jimenez Urrego, Angela María; Bolaños, Cristina; Botero Carvajal, AlejandroBreast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of women's morbimortality worldwide. Unfortunately, attempts to predict women's susceptibility to developing BC well before it becomes symptomatic, based on their genetic, family, and reproductive background have proved unsatisfactory. Here we analyze the matching of personality traits and protein serum profiles to predict women's susceptibility to developing cancer. We conducted a prospective study among 150 women (aged 18–70 years), who were distributed into three groups (n ¼ 50): women without breast pathology and women diagnosed with BC or benign breast pathology. Psychological data were obtained through standardized psychological tests and serum protein samples were analyzed through semiquantitative protein immunoblotting. The matching for psychological and immunological profiles was constructed from these data using a mathematical generalized linear model. The model predicted that women who have stronger associations between high-intensity stress responses, emotional containment, and an increased number and reduced variability of serum proteins (detected by IgG autoantibodies) have the greatest susceptibility to develop BC before the disease has manifested clinically. Hence, the present study endorses the possibility of using psychological and biochemical tests in combination to increase the possibility of identifying women at risk of developing BC before the disease shows clinical manifestations. A longitudinal study must be instrumented to test the prediction ability of the instrument in real scenarios