Especialización en Control de la Contaminación Ambiental
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Browsing Especialización en Control de la Contaminación Ambiental by Author "Bernal Suárez, Diana Paola"
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Item Agricultura sostenible como alternativa de control y mitigación de impactos ambientales(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Salas Chávez, Wilson Rafael; Grueso Casquete, Simón; Bernal Suárez, Diana PaolaAgriculture is one of the most important global production activities, it ensures food security for all worldwide population, providing sustain to 65% of low income population at global scale. At 2050, world population will increase 20-30%, and the agricultural production shall increase about a 60%. Although the goodness provided for socio economic development offered by agriculture for the population, its traditional practice has created several environmental impacts to the ecosystemic systems offered by water, soil and air, among which water overexploitation, eutrophication by diffuse pollution, pathogens and emergent pollutants introduction to water and food chain, soil erosion, deforestation and increase of greenhouse gases emission can be highlighted. However, agriculture will remain one of the fundamental activities for wellbeing, socio economic development at global scale, reason for which in necessary a change in the paradigm towards sustainable agriculture, that guarantees global food security and economic development, mitigating to a large degree the environmental impacts caused by traditional agriculture. In the present review article, it is described the fundamental aspects of organic agriculture, climate-smart agriculture, urban agriculture and precision agriculture, that are already been implemented in Colombia, as sustainable alternatives that allow reconciliation between agricultural socio economic development, the ecosystem and biodiversity preservation worldwide contributing to achieve the sustainable development goals in the year 2030.Item Evaluación de la calidad del aire en la Universidad Santiago de Cali, medición de las partículas totales en suspensión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Reyes Arias, Tito Reynaldo; Bernal Suárez, Diana PaolaAir pollution is one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide, and it has a particular impact on the health of human beings. Cali is a densely populated city, with topographic diversity in its land and an environment with multiple industrial and transport activities that emit different pollutants into the atmosphere that suffer unfavorably from the quality of the air that is breathed in the environment. The general objective of the project is to determine the concentration of total suspended particles and their impact on air quality in the environment of the Santiago de Cali University. The monitoring of suspended particles and the calibration of high-volume sampling equipment was carried out in accordance with Resolution No. 02308 of February 24, 1986 of the Ministry of Health and the standards of the US EPA contained in the 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, on Reference Method for the determination of particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere (High Volume Method) and the Colombian Technical Standard NTC 3704 of ICONTEC. From the results it is concluded that the particles in total suspension (PST) present the particles that exceed the corrected local norm 88.1ug / m3, thus exceeding the allowed value established by Colombian legislation, possibly generating undesirable consequences on the health of the population such as acute respiratory infections and bronchial asthma episode, exposed to environmental pollution caused by vehicular density.Item Evaluación de la calidad del aire en la Universidad Santiago de Cali. Medición de las partículas totales en suspensión(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Reyes Arias, Tito Reinaldo; Bernal Suárez, Diana PaolaAir pollution is one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide, and it has a particular impact on the health of human beings. Cali is a densely populated city, with topographic diversity in its land and an environment with multiple industrial and transport activities that emit different pollutants into the atmosphere that suffer unfavorably from the quality of the air that is breathed in the environment. The general objective of the project is to determine the concentration of total suspended particles and their impact on air quality in the environment of the Santiago de Cali University. The monitoring of suspended particles and the calibration of high-volume sampling equipment was carried out in accordance with Resolution No. 02308 of February 24, 1986 of the Ministry of Health and the standards of the US EPA contained in the 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, on Reference Method for the determination of particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere (High Volume Method) and the Colombian Technical Standard NTC 3704 of ICONTEC. From the results it is concluded that the particles in total suspension (PST) present the particles that exceed the corrected local norm 88.1ug / m3, thus exceeding the allowed value established by Colombian legislation, possibly generating undesirable consequences on the health of the population such as acute respiratory infections and bronchial asthma episode, exposed to environmental pollution caused by vehicular density.Item Importancia de los humedales naturales y artificiales en el ámbito socio-ambiental. Una revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Lenis Ibargüen, Víctor David; Bernal Suárez, Diana PaolaNatural wetlands are considered the most productive ecosystems on earth, having a rich biodiversity and providing various ecosystem services. Its functionality and the physical, chemical and biological processes that are presented there, have promoted the development of technologies (constructed wetlands) that have been used for the treatment of wastewater of different types, imitating natural systems. Therefore, this document aims to highlight the contributions and importance of natural and built wetlands in the socio-environmental field, in addition to making a comparative analysis of the experiences reported in the literature regarding the use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment with different origin. First, a brief summary was presented on the definition, classification, inventory, components and functionality of natural wetlands, then the definition, components, design parameters, operating conditions and studies carried out with constructed wetlands are presented. Finally, the functionality of natural wetlands within the ecosystem services was highlighted.Item Procesamiento de cerveza: tratamiento de aguas residuales y subproductos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Herrera Cuero, Luisa Fernanda; Bernal Suárez, Diana PaolaBrewing brings with it the production of large volumes of wastewater, approximately 10 liters for every liter produced; this wastewater contains a high load of organic matter due to the quantity of organic compounds used in elaboration. The wastewater requires treatments to dispose of it in a safe way for the environment and to take advantage of the generated by-products. Some treatments used to treat wastewater from beer production usually present high costs of both initial investment and operation and maintenance, which hinders their implementation and sustainability, however biological treatments have shown better results compared to other types, which have been implemented in places such as San Carlos de Bariloche in Argentina, China, South Africa, Venezuela and Colombia; mostly with applications of treatment levels up to secondary, an organic load removal greater than 75% is achieved. This review article compiles the different types of treatments applied to the wastewater of breweries, as well as examples of conventional and advanced treatments, with which experiences of different breweries in the world are analyzed with favorable results, representing the need to implement these treatments.