Browsing by Author "Vera Lizcano, Omaira"
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Acumulación de mercurio y plomo, en el bivalvo Anadara tuberculosa, entre los años 2016 y 2018 en la desembocadura del río Dagua, Pacífico Colombiano(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Lucero Rincón, Carlos Hernán; Vera Lizcano, OmairaPollution due to mercury and lead has caused great concern in international entities due to the loss of biodiversity in coastal ecosystems and damage to health. In order to evaluate the presence of mercury and lead in the mouth of the Colombian Dagua-Pacific river, as it is an ecosystem of great ecological and economic importance for the region, seven samplings were carried out between July 2016 and January 2018, sediment samples were obtained and physicochemical parameters of the water in the area were measured. Specimens of the bivalve, Anadara tuberculosa, were used to determine the concentration of mercury and lead in tissues and for bioassays with mercury, due to its ability to bioaccumulate metals. A mean mercury concentration of 0.57± 0.74 mg/kg and lead 0.87 mg/kg ± 0.68 in sediment were found, with maximum values of 1.96 mg/kg Hg and 2.05 mg/kg Pb. The presence of mercury in sediments and water is positively related to the concentrations of this metal in organisms. Bioassays with the bivalve A. tuberculosa, allowed to conclude that at low mercury exposure concentrations (0.25 ppm), lesions are generated in animal tissue, mainly in sexual cells. The high concentrations of mercury and lead found in the organisms exceed the maximum permitted concentration established in Colombia for mercury (0.5 mg/kg) and lead (0.20 mg/kg). In addition, the contamination factor for mercury (FC =228000 μg/g) and lead (FC =1242.85 μg/g) are considered very high, as is the potential contamination index for mercury (CP=3.44 μg/g). This allows us to infer that the presence of metals in the tissue of these bivalves present in the mouth of the Dagua river can generate alterations in the ecosystem with possible consequences on human health due to the consumption of these foods.Item Aislamiento, identificación y caracterización de bacterias ácido acéticas (BAA) para la producción de vinagre a partir de vino tinto(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Portilla Sinisterra, Andrés Fernando; Vera Lizcano, OmairaStudies of the microorganisms associated with the fermentation processes, their identification and the standardization of their biotechnological use, are of great interest for the economic and technological growth of a country. In this study, a winemaking protocol was obtained to later produce vinegar for human consumption through acetic fermentation, which is carried out mainly by acetic bacteria under aerobic conditions. 10 batches of wine were produced from Isabella grapes, obtained in the municipality of Ginebra-Valle del Cauca, an alcohol percentage between 9,8 – 11,2% was reached, to later obtain acetic acid. The Orleans method was used to make vinegar, which consists of stationary oxidation of ethanol in acetic acid, under the conditions required for the growth of acetic bacteria, from which a concentration of acetic acid between 47,4 - 60 g / L. Subsequently, the bacteria of the Acetobacteraceae family were isolated by means of cutives and identified by means of biochemical techniques. Later, with the Vitek 2 team, the Acetobacter acetti species was identified as the acetic bacteria found in vinegar, it was cryopreserved. This microorganism can be used to produce balsamic vinegar, which is of great commercial interest.Item Aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos obtenidos de la producción de cerveza: bagazo de cebada(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Marulanda Lopez, Sebastian Camilo; Alzate Calderon, Paola; Vera Lizcano, OmairaThe brewing industry generates a large amount of polluting waste, taking into account the high energy consumption, water consumption and atmospheric emissions; this leads to a great environmental impact. In the present work, the utilization of barley bagasse residue was used to reduce this impact. Initially, the barley (waste from the USC brewery) was collected, dried and finally the nutritional value of the dried bagasse was evaluated by means of a nutritional table analysis, to take advantage of the waste and determine whether it could be used in human food. To achieve the above, a drying process was initially carried out in a convection oven, evaluating different temperatures, and then milled to obtain a functional flour suitable for human consumption as a final product. Thanks to this work, it is concluded that it is possible to obtain a product with potential use in the field of human nutrition and leaves a precedent to help the circular economy of the waste generated in the USC brewery plant. This work is also a positive contribution to the reduction of the environmental impact that today is a global problem in many industries such as brewing.Item Determinación de la capacidad fermentativa en levaduras nativas de uvas negras en el Valle del Cauca(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Guerrero Murillo, Yuliana Alexandra; Mateus Llanos, Jennifer Alejandra; Alzate Calderón, Paola Carolina; Vera Lizcano, OmairaIsabella grape (Vitis labrusca) is a black grape variety grown in the municipality of La Unión (Valle del Cauca). This municipality is one of the largest producers of this type of grape in the region, for consumption in the family basket; this grape variety is one of the main sources of native yeasts, which could help positively in the fermentation process for winemaking. The main objective of this research was to isolate some yeast strains in black grapes, to standardize a red wine. Regarding the methodology used, the alcoholic fermentation process was evaluated in a spontaneous way, performing a re-fermentation process from a batch of wine. To achieve this, parameters such as pH, temperature, density, and alcohol percentage were analyzed. The results show that the Isabella de la Unión Valle grape can be used in the fermentation process and is suitable for obtaining wine, since it contains native yeasts suitable for carrying out an adequate fermentation process. In conclusion, it was determined that the microbial load is suitable to corroborate that, within the parameters, the alcoholic percentage is within what is indicated by Colombian regulations for commercial fruit wines, and, in addition, the sensory characteristics of the wine obtained are optimal and suitable for the production of this type of wine, mainly favoring the economy of the region.Item Genes que codifican para proteínas transportadoras exhiben mutaciones no sinónimas en parásitos de Plasmodium vivax que circulan en área endémica para malaria en Amazonas, Brasil(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Tabares León, Dolly Isabella; Vera Lizcano, OmairaPlasmodium transmission continues to be a public health problem, in 2018 it caused 228 million cases, the highest parasite load is caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. In America 75% of malaria cases are caused by Plasmodium vivax. Chloroquine is the first-line antimalarial, however, resistance is found in 90% of Plasmodium falciparum isolates and 10% in Plasmodium vivax. In this work, the non-synonymous point mutations in genes that code for transporter proteins of Plasmodium vivax parasites exposed to chloroquine, circulating in areas endemic for malaria in Brazil, will be analyzed. The prevalence of mutations will be evaluated using the surveyor mutation software, using the strain susceptible to Chloroquine, Sal I., as a reference strain. The finding of non-synonymous mutations in the genes studied can provide guidance for the study of resistance to Chloroquine.Item Genetic diversity of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax parasites from the western Brazilian Amazon(Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2014) Vera Lizcano, Omaira; Resende, Sarah Stela; Chehuan, Yonne F.; Guimarães Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius; A. Brito, Cristiana F.; Zalis, Mariano G.The molecular basis of Plasmodium vivax chloroquine (CQ) resistance is still unknown. Elucidating the molecular background of parasites that are sensitive or resistant to CQ will help to identify and monitor the spread of resistance. By genotyping a panel of molecular markers, we demonstrate a similar genetic variability between in vitro CQ-resistant and sensitive phenotypes of P. vivax parasites. However, our studies identified two loci (MS8 and MSP1-B10) that could be used to discriminate between both CQ-susceptible phenotypes among P. vivax isolates in vitro. These preliminary data suggest that microsatellites may be used to identify and to monitor the spread of P. vivax-resistance around the world.Item The role of the peritrophic matrix and red blood cell concentration in Plasmodium vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis.(Parasites and Vectors, 2018) Baia-da-Silva, Djane Clarys; Salazar Alvarez, Luis Carlos; Vera Lizcano, Omaira; Maranhão Costa, Fabio Trindade; Costa Pinto Lopes, Stefanie; Silva Orfanó, Alessandra; Oliveira Pascoal, Denner; Nacif-Pimenta, Rafael; Cabral Rodriguez, Iria; Barbosa Guerra, Maria das Graças Vale; Guimarães Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius; Costa Secundino, Nagila Francinete; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo; Paolucci Pimenta, Paulo FilemonBackground: Plasmodium vivax is predominant in the Amazon region, and enhanced knowledge of its development inside a natural vector, Anopheles aquasalis, is critical for future strategies aimed at blocking parasite development. The peritrophic matrix (PM), a chitinous layer produced by the mosquito midgut in response to blood ingestion, is a protective barrier against pathogens. Plasmodium can only complete its life-cycle, and consequently be transmitted to a new host, after successfully passing this barrier. Interestingly, fully engorged mosquitoes that had a complete blood meal form a thicker, well-developed PM than ones that feed in small amounts. The amount of red blood cells (RBC) in the blood meal directly influences the production of digestive enzymes and can protect parasites from being killed during the meal digestion. A specific study interrupting the development of the PM associated with the proteolytic activity inhibition, and distinct RBC concentrations, during the P. vivax infection of the New World malaria vector An. aquasalis is expected to clarify whether these factors affect the parasite development. Results: Absence of PM in the vector caused a significant reduction in P. vivax infection. However, the association of chitinase with trypsin inhibitor restored infection rates to those of mosquitoes with a structured PM. Also, only the ingestion of trypsin inhibitor by non-chitinase treated mosquitoes increased the infection intensity. Moreover, the RBC concentration in the infected P. vivax blood meal directly influenced the infection rate and its intensity. A straight correlation was observed between RBC concentrations and infection intensity. Conclusions: This study established that there is a balance between the PM role, RBC concentration and digestive enzyme activity influencing the establishment and development of P. vivax infection inside An. aquasalis. Our results indicate that the absence of PM in the midgut facilitates digestive enzyme dispersion throughout the blood meal, causing direct damage to P. vivax. On the other hand, high RBC concentrations support a better and thick, well-developed PM and protect P. vivax from being killed. Further studies of this complex system may provide insights into other details of the malaria vector response to P. vivax infection.