Browsing by Author "Rossi Solis, Luis Antonio"
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Item Evaluación de la potencialidad de reuso del agua de rechazo del sistema de ósmosis inversa (ro) de un centro de diálisis en la ciudad de cali(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Rossi Solis, Luis Antonio; Perez Vidal, Andrea (Directora)Hemodialysis (HD) is a treatment performed in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), among the many elements of HD, the quality of the water used for the production of dialysis fluid is paramount, for this reason it is necessary to have a complementary system of drinking water treatment, which achieves to purify the water to achieve the quality standards required in HD. This is how the reverse osmosis (RO) system turns out to be an effective technology for this condition. In this research, we evaluated the potential re-use of rejected water (RW) generated by a system used in a dialysis center in the city of Santiago de Cali. A bibliographical review was carried out to establish the physicochemical and microbiological priority variables to be measured. The physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the water entering the RO system and the rejected water (RW) was carried out by 2 composite samplings. Finally, a proposal was made for the different uses of rejected water in various activities of the hemodialysis center based on the estimation of flow rates and water consumption on these activities. The results showed that the characteristics of the water entering the RO system, although it complies with the parameters established for drinking water, is not suitable for use in HD treatment, and the use of the RO system is essential to achieve permeate water of excellent quality. The microbiological characteristics of the RW showed the absence of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella sp, high concentrations were evidenced in parameters such as potassium, chlorides, chromium, total alkalinity, iron, fluorides, manganese, nitrates, sulfates, dissolved solids and conductivity, however, it is suitable for re-use in industrial activities such as sanitary flushing, heat exchange in cooling towers and boilers, mechanical cleaning of roads and in fire-fighting irrigation systems. The use of RW; in irrigation of green areas and gardens may be limited, due to the concentration of fluorides that does not comply with the maximum permissible limit value of resolution 1207/2014. It was observed that the free residual chlorine of the RW does not comply with the minimum value established in resolution 2115 2007, for which it is considered unsuitable for consumption. The local activities in which the RW can be re-used were identified, such as washing mops, washing waste rooms, washing the facade of the dialysis center and flushing toilets, determining their daily consumption; additionally, a scheme of the points of usage in the dialysis center was proposed in Santiago de Cali.