Browsing by Author "Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)"
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Item Evaluación antimicrobiana de colistina encapsulada con nanoliposomas recubiertos de quitosano de mediano peso molecular, frente a bacterias gramnegativas sensibles y multidrogoresistentes(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Betancourt Ayala, Yeiston; Oñate Garzón, Jose Fernando (Director); Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)Colistin is a last resort antibiotic which has been reimplemented in clinical practice in order to combat infections by gram-negative and multidrug-resistant bacteria, however, this antibiotic has lost affinity towards this type of bacteria, being caused by the increase and dissemination of strains resistant to this polypeptide. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of colistin encapsulated in nanoliposomes coated with chitosan of medium molecular weight was evaluated against the sensitive Escherichia coli strains, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive and multidrug resistant strains. Physicochemical properties such as particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were determined using Zetasizer nano ZSP. The results for the chitosan-coated systems showed changes in size (from 461.5 nm uncharged to 322.2 nm with colistin), polydispersity index (from 0.219 unloaded to 0.449 with colistin), and zeta potential (from -2.1 mV unloaded). at 15.0 mV with colistin). After encapsulating the colistin, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the formulations was determined by the broth microdilution method for P.a ATCC (27853), sensitive population P.a and resistant P.a. For antimicrobial activity, resistance was obtained in strain No. 2, decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration in strain No. 1, sensitivity in strain No. 3 and population strain (W.t).Item Evaluación de la remoción de Escherichia Coli presente en dos calidades de aguas sintéticas tratadas con filtros caseros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Dávila Estupiñán, Andreina; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)Water is essential for life and all people must have a satisfactory, sufficient, safe and accessible supply; Likewise, it must comply with the microbiological and organoleptic characteristics established in the regulations, including the total absence of Escherichia coli, in order to be suitable for human consumption; However, a large percentage of especially rural areas do not have good quality water and have diseases for this reason, so resorting to new technologies such as household filters that help purify water, provides an alternative with tangible benefits for health.Item Evaluación de la remoción de Salmonella spp a partir de dos calidades de aguas sintéticas tratadas con filtros caseros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Castaño Hincapié, Ana Valentina; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)Water is the main resource that abounds in the Earth. It is not renewable and has great importance, both for human consumption and for the rest of living beings. It is used for domestic uses or other purposes. The low coverage of aqueduct and sewerage in rural areas of Colombia, added to the fact that the implementation of potabilization in these areas entails a high cost, have favored the creation of new technologies that imply minor resources and accessibility, such as the homemade filters.Item Evaluación de una solución de Peróxido de Hidrógeno con Cationes de Plata frente a bacterias multirresistentes(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020) Rojas Abadía, José María; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora); Ríos Acevedo, Jhon Jairo (Director)The improper use of hospital and household disinfectants generates, in addition to an adaptive response of pathogenic microorganisms, a contribution to Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). For this reason, the efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide disinfectant with silver sales was evaluated as an alternative for disinfecting surfaces against multi-resistant bacteria. Initially, a secondary validation was carried out for the product according to tests of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Subsequently, efficacy tests were performed in time according to the INVIMA protocol for the evaluation of pharmaceutical products, taking into account the percentage of disinfectant removal, using NTC 2455, ISO 18593, Chapter 1072 of USP 40 and AOAC of 2004. Ending with MIC and time analysis for multi-resistant bacteria collected in the department of Valle del Cauca. Mainly, good efficacy was found against most bacteria when compared with the 5% hypochlorite recommended for surface disinfection, where analysis of variance showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as the most predominant and high at high peroxide emissions. of hydrogen and hypochlorite permanently at 5000 mg / L. An alert is generated to the hospital community in the disinfection of critical areas with hypochlorite, since resistant methicillin and carbapenemase-producing bacteria tolerate disinfection for 30 minutes at concentrations of 3750 mg / L Finally, a quality product was obtained to provide an alternative solution to the problem of infections associated with health care in Colombia.Item Evaluación del efecto de la plata coloidal, en la remoción de Escherichia coli y la obtención de un agua salubre a partir de filtros caseros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Carabalí Ramos, Juan José; Pérez Vidal, Andrea (Directora); Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)Water is a natural and indispensable resource for life, for this reason it is very important to supply it, in a drinkable, affordable and good quality way to be supplied to the community in general, fulfilling the physicochemical characteristics, Microbiological and sanitary concept, established in the standard, Resolution 2115 of 2007. However, despite drinking water being a right, many communities, especially rural ones, still do not have access to quality water; presenting Diarrheal Watered Diseases (EDA) and Foodborne Diseases (ETA) which are induced by the intake of unhealthy water, among other factors that help to spread the disease. For this reason, alternative techniques and / or processes for water treatment have been sought, among which techniques such as home filtration systems for obtaining drinking water have been highlighted. These filters are composed of various materials, such as colloidal silver, activated carbon, which possess antimicrobial potential and / or retention capacity of substances and microorganisms. In order to mitigate the EDA and ETA, the REPLACOL microenterprise developed and provided the EKOFIL filtration systems impregnated with colloidal silver.Item Identificación del resistoma y viruloma de aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa portadoras de la enzima VIM(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Narváez Plata, Brandon; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora); Ocampo Ibáñez, Iván Darío (Director)Due to its pathogenicity and prevalence in infections associated with medical care, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized as one of the bacteria that generates the greatest concern in hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogen listed by the World Health Organization as one of the most dangerous bacteria worldwide, with a critical priority due to its ability to generate resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, developing strains with the ability to have multi-resistance to drugs (MDR) that harm human health. Carbapenemases are enzymes with the ability to modify the molecular structure of the beta-lactam ring present in antibiotics of this class. The objective of this project is to identify the resistome and virulome of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the strain collection of the Departmental Public Health Laboratory of Valle del Cauca (LSPD-Valle) reported as MDR type strains and producers of beta-lactamase. SPRPa1 and SPRPa13 were classified as MDR strains by antimicrobial susceptibility tests (MIC), the presence of the blaVIM and blaIMP genes was also identified in the two strains using the commercial Check-Points CPO kit (BD MAX, Ref. 278102). The FastQC programs were used for quality analysis, FastQC Toolkit for cutting adapters, FastQ pair for pairing sequences, SPAdes for sequence assembly, analyzing the quality of the assembly and thus performing alignments using the MAUVE program and performing annotation using the BV-BRC and RESfinder platforms, analyzing the intrinsic and acquired resistance genes present in SPRPa1 and SPRPa13, also the exclusive virulence genes of Pseudomonas present in the SPRPa1 and SPRPa13 strains, to conclude, an international comparison was carried out using alignments with genomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying beta-lactamases. The results indicated that the SPRPa1 and SPRPa13 assemblies are in optimal quality conditions, 35.30% of the genes are acquired and 64.70% are intrinsic, the resistance to antibiotics used in MIC is due to their blaVIM genes and the expression of the pumps. Efflux and gene mutations in the porins of the strains. The strains contain virulence genes exclusive to the Pseudomonas genus, expressing mechanisms that allow them to be highly pathogenic and have survival attributes that allow them to survive hostile environments. The alignments show that the strains contain the ability to contain genes in common with many strains internationally with an identity percentage greater than 98%, contributing to the formation of mutations and/or the persistence of genes that are a problem for public health. It is necessary to carry out more studies on viable alternatives to combat resistance since the trend that is contemplated indicates that there will reach a point where there are no methods to combat microbial resistance.Item Validación secundaria del método filtración por membrana para cuantificar la remoción de Escherichia coli en muestras de aguas tratadas con filtros caseros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Martínez Rivera, Jorge Iván; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)In order to contribute with the competence so that the laboratory of the Santiago de Cali University can obtain certifications in its techniques and the support of the new technologies of disinfection and the treatment of the answers provided by the REPLACOL microenterprise with its two models of homemade ceramic pot filters impregnated with colloidal silver (EKOFIL) and reinforced inside with a column of granular activated carbon, also impregnated with colloidal silver (EKOFIL PLUS), in order to eliminate suspensions in water, microorganisms , it was searched Objective: the secondary validation of the technique through the membrane to evaluate the removal of Escherichia coli in samples of synthetic waters from home filters EKOFIL AND EKOFIL PLUS.Item Validación secundaria del Número Más Probable para evaluar la remoción de Salmonella spp a partir de aguas sintéticas tratadas con filtros caseros(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019) Lucero Huertas, Adriana Isabel; Rivera Sánchez, Sandra Patricia (Directora)