Browsing by Author "Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)"
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Item Aprovechamiento de alcohol fusel en la obtención de productos de valor agregado utilizando perovskitas como catalizadores(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) Valencia Castro, Jessica Andrea; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)At present, the quest for renewable carbon sources to generate energy and high-value products has seen a significant rise, particularly those enabling the extraction of chemical components traditionally derived from fossil fuels. Industrial processing of sugarcane yields various renewable materials, including fusel alcohol, offering the potential for conversion into valuable compounds. The catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol (mixture of different alcohols with C3 to C5) using the Guerbet reaction has not yet been widely explored, however, some of its components have already been used as starting material for this reaction using different catalysts. Thus, this work was aimed at the conversion of fusel alcohol by the Guerbet reaction using perovskite-type oxides of La (III) as cation A and Zn (II) or Ni (II) as cation B. The oxides were obtained by the calcination of their precursors synthesized by the coprecipitation method and were well characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA curves showed the complete decomposition of the precursors at 900 °C in 4 hours. XRD patterns confirm the formation of the perovskite phase. In addition, IR spectra of the synthesized materials show vibrations indicating the presence of Ni-O and Zn-O bonds. In the catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol, different groups of compounds were obtained, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, and ketones.Item Aprovechamiento del alcohol fusel utilizando la reacción de Guerbet catalizada por óxidos metálicos mixtos modificados con Zn2+/Co2+ y Zn2+/Fe2+(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2024) López Gómez, Angie Lorena; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)The search for methods for synthesizing value-added chemicals using renewable raw materials is constantly increasing, so the use of products and by-products derived from the industrial processing of sugar cane is of particular interest, such as fusel oil, which has been little studied as a substrate in the Guerbet reaction, which allows the synthesis of alcohols from longer chains and other products through parallel reactions. In this work, the catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol with mixed metal oxides (MMOs) derived from hydrotalcites (HDLs) modified with Zn2+/Fe2+ and Zn2+/Co2+.Zn2+/Fe2+ and Zn2+/Co2+ . The HDLs were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and through a subsequent heat treatment their respective OMMs were obtained. The materials obtained were characterized by infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (DRX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where their correct synthesis was confirmed. The catalytic conversion of the fusel alcohol was performed in a Bach-type reactor. Different physicochemical parameters were studied in the reaction and their products were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector. It was mainly evidenced the formation of families of alcohols and esters, followed by aldehydes, ketones and olefins, which was probably influenced mainly by the degree of acidity of MMOs according to the literature.Item Conversión catalítica de alcohol fusel y etanol utilizando perovskitas del tipo LaM2+O3 como catalizadores(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2022) Rojas Rivas, Sofia; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)Currently, the development of more environmentally friendly methodologies to produce value-added compounds (PVA) from renewable raw materials has been increasing, mainly for the production of derivatives from fossil sources. Among these raw materials, the products obtained from the industrial processing of sugar cane become important substrates for obtaining these compounds. Fusel alcohol (mixture of different low molecular weight alcohols), obtained as a by-product in the process of obtaining bioethanol via fermentation routes has become a raw material little explored to produce PVA. In addition, its use as a substrate in the Guerbet reaction (RG) has not yet been investigated, therefore, in this work it was proposed catalytic conversion by RG to obtain PVA, added, experiments were performed with ethanol, since this has already been used in GR with heterogeneous catalysts. For this, the use of catalysts possessing acid/base and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties such as perovskite type materials are necessary. For this reason, the synthesis, characterization (DRX, Raman, TGA, FTIR and SEM) was performed and use as heterogeneous perovskite catalysts of type LaM2+O3 where M2+ = Cu2+ or Co2+ in the catalytic conversion of fusel alcohol and ethanol using a low pressure fixed bed reactor in order to determine its influence on the type of pervoskitas and how it varies depending on the reaction conditions, added, the products obtained in both reactions were identified by means of CG-EM. They were obtained as main products in the reaction with fusel alcohol alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters, on the other hand, in the reactions with ethanol, acetaldehyde and 1-butanol was obtained, among other products due to secondary reactions. In the first case, it is necessary to continue the investigation in order to determine some possible routes of formation of the mostly obtained compounds; in the second instance, reactions tended to follow the Guerbet reaction path along with secondary reactions based on the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of molecules.Item Conversión Catalítica de alcohol isoamílico usando Óxidos Metálicos Mixtos (OMM) sustituidos con Zn-Cu y Zn-Ni(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-24) Briceño López, Nicolás; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)Isoamyl alcohol is the main component of fusel oil, a mixture of low–molecular-weight alcohols traditionally regarded as a residual byproduct of the bioethanol production process. However, in recent years this byproduct has attracted increasing interest due to its potential use as an alternative fuel for diesel engines and as a feedstock for the synthesis of industrially valuable compounds. In this study, the catalytic conversion of isoamyl alcohol into value-added organic products was evaluated using mixed metal oxides (MMOs) derived from hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLs) modified with Zn, Cu, and Ni. The hydrotalcites were synthesized by the coprecipitation method, substituting 20 mol% of Mg²⁺ ions with 10 mol% of Zn²⁺ ions and 10 mol% of either Ni²⁺ or Cu²⁺ ions. The reactions catalyzed by these materials exhibited high selectivity toward alcohols, as well as the formation of aromatic and aldehydic compounds, with substrate conversions between 80% and 90%. The Zn–Cu and Zn–Ni modified catalysts proved to be versatile and selective systems for the transformation of alcohols derived from agroindustrial sources.Item Coprecipitación de hidrotalcitas y aplicación de sus óxidos en la síntesis de bases de Schiff derivadas de 2-aminotiazol y aldehídos aromáticos(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021) Granja Banguera, Claudia Patricia; Morales Morales, Jimmy Alexander (Director); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)Recently, the development of new methodologies for the synthesis of products with value-added has increased, especially, the obtaining of compounds that present in their structure sulfur and nitrogen atoms mainly in heterocyclic rings, and that also contain other types of functional groups. For example, imine group (-C=N-), because they are of great importance for their applications as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory agents, among others. Herein, we the synthesis of 1-phenyl-N-(thiazol-2-yl)methanimine (Schiff's base, SB) derived from 2-aminothiazole and benzaldehyde using mixed metal oxides (MMOs) derived from hydrotalcites (LDHs) modified with Ni2+ and Cu2+. The LDHs were synthesized by coprecipitation method, and their subsequent thermal treatment provided the corresponding MMOs. MMOs were investigated for imines synthesis in solvent free and microwave-assisted conditions. The physicochemical characterization of the LDHs demonstrated the insertion of Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions in the lamellar structure and no secondary phase formation was observed. XRD of the MMOs obtained showed the decrease in the crystallinity of the precursor and the formation of three characteristic peaks of this type of oxides, proving they are obtaining. SB was obtained with 51.3% yield when the MMO modified with 15% Cu2+ as catalyst and 1.0 equivalent of each of the starting reagents was used in 10 min of reaction at 300 W and 125 ° C.Item Espectroscopia en el infrarrojo cercano: un review de las aplicaciones en el control de la calidad en el proceso industrial de la caña de azúcar(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-05) Davalos Sierra, Joan Sebastian; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)The sugar industry, a key economic pillar in many tropical countries such as Colombia, requires the adoption of rapid, sustainable, and efficient analytical methods for quality control of sugarcane from cultivation to processing in biorefineries. Conventional methods, although effective, are often slow, costly, and environmentally unfavorable. In this context, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) emerges as a promising alternative, capable of accurately quantifying key parameters such as °Brix and fiber content, achieving coefficients of determination (R²) above 0.97, while also enabling the characterization of cane and bagasse composition. Its effectiveness lies in correlating spectral data with chemical properties through calibrated chemometric models, making NIRS a versatile, reliable, and essential tool for enhancing the optimization and sustainability of the sugar agroindustry.Item Uso del alcohol fusel como aditivo en mezclas de combustibles: review(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-12-01) Zúñiga Pino, Karen Nathalia; Orduña Ortega, Julieth (Directora); Mora Vargas, Jorge Andrés (Director)Fusel alcohol, also known as fusel oil, is a by-product composed mainly of isoamyl alcohol, obtained during the industrial processing of sugarcane for ethanol production. In recent years, its use as an additive in fuel blends has attracted growing scientific and technological interest. This review analyzed the potential of fusel alcohol as an additive in fuel mixtures, aiming to assess its technical and environmental feasibility for improving the combustion properties of gasoline. To this end, recent research was collected and discussed, complemented by relevant conventional studies. The study first addressed the production and purification processes of fusel alcohol within the ethanol manufacturing chain, highlighting the stages of fermentation, distillation, and dehydration, as well as complementary techniques such as extractive distillation and liquid–liquid extraction. Subsequently, its physicochemical properties were systematized, including composition, density, viscosity, calorific value, and octane number—parameters that determine its performance as an additive. The results of the review showed that gasoline–fusel alcohol blends (F10 and F20) increase the octane number and improve thermal efficiency, although they exhibit a reduction in calorific value and effects associated with water content. In the case of diesel blends, a significant reduction in NOx emissions was observed, accompanied, however, by increases in CO and CO₂ under certain operating conditions. Overall, the findings indicate that fusel alcohol has considerable potential as an oxygenated additive, with the capacity to be valorized as an agro-industrial by-product and to contribute to energy sustainability. Nevertheless, its large-scale utilization depends on overcoming technical limitations and advancing experimental validation at the pilot scale.