Browsing by Author "Jimenez Lozano, Sebastian"
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Item SDMA y biomarcadores emergentes en enfermedad renal crónica en perros y gatos: revisión sistemática(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-03-30) Jimenez Lozano, Sebastian; Cardona Tobar, Karen Melissa (Directora)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats, particularly among geriatric animals, where prevalence can reach up to 30- 40% in cats older than 15 years. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve prognosis, yet traditional biomarkers such as creatinine and urea lack sensitivity in the initial stages of the disease, requiring 65-75% loss of renal function before showing diagnostic elevations. This systematic review aims to analyze current scientific evidence on the use of emerging biomarkers for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of CKD in small animals. Findings indicate that symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) shows greater sensitivity than creatinine in detecting early renal dysfunction, identifying glomerular filtration rate (GFR) losses of 25-40%, which represents a diagnostic window of up to 17 months in cats with naturally occurring CKD. Similarly, cystatin C (CysC), in both plasma and urinary forms, has demonstrated superior diagnostic capability, with reported sensitivities between 79.7% and 98.4%, and specificities reaching 100% in some studies. Neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for detecting tubular renal damage, allowing identification of renal lesions before clinical signs become evident. The combined use of plasma and urinary biomarkers appears to be a more effective strategy for detecting and monitoring CKD, as it provides a more comprehensive assessment of renal function encompassing both glomerular filtration and tubular integrity. Nevertheless, further research is needed to standardize measurement techniques and validate their applicability in diverse veterinary clinical contexts. Extrarenal factors such as comorbidities, systemic inflammation, and medication use may influence biomarker interpretation, underscoring the need for comprehensive clinical evaluation. In conclusion, emerging biomarkers, particularly SDMA and cystatin C, represent promising tools to complement traditional assays in the early diagnosis and monitoring of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats, contributing to improved quality of life and patient prognosis through early implementation of nephroprotective interventions.