Browsing by Author "Gamboa, Sara"
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Item A phylogenetic study to assess the link between biome specialization and diversification in swallowtail butterflies(2022-10) Gamboa, Sara; Condamine, Fabien L.; Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Varela, Sara; Pelegrín, Jonathan S.; Menéndez, Iris; Blanco, Fernando; Hernández Fernández, ManuelThe resource-use hypothesis, proposed by E.S. Vrba, states that habitat fragmenta-tion caused by climatic oscillations would affect particularly biome specialists (speciesinhabiting only one biome), which might show higher speciation and extinction ratesthan biome generalists. If true, lineages would accumulate biome-specialist species.This effect would be particularly exacerbated for biomes located at the periphery ofthe global climatic conditions, namely, biomes that have high/low precipitation andhigh/low temperature such as rainforest (warm-humid), desert (warm-dry), steppe(cold-dry) and tundra (cold-humid). Here, we test these hypotheses in swallowtail but-terflies, a clade with more than 570 species, covering all the continents but Antarctica,and all climatic conditions. Swallowtail butterflies are among the most studied insects,and they are a model group for evolutionary biology and ecology studies. Continentalmacroecological rules are normally tested using vertebrates, this means that there arefewer examples exploring terrestrial invertebrate patterns at global scale. Here, wecompiled a large Geographic Information System database on swallowtail butterflies'distribution maps and used the most complete time-calibrated phylogeny to quantifydiversification rates (DRs). In this paper, we aim to answer the following questions: (1)Are there more biome-specialist swallowtail butterflies than biome generalists? (2)Is DR related to biome specialization? (3) If so, do swallowtail butterflies inhabitingextreme biomes show higher DRs? (4) What is the effect of species distribution area?Our results showed that swallowtail family presents a great number of biome special-ists which showed substantially higher DRs compared to generalists. We also foundthat biome specialists are unevenly distributed across biomes. Overall, our results areconsistent with the resource-use hypothesis, species climatic niche and biome frag-mentation as key factors promoting isolation.Item The Great American Biotic Interchange: A paleoecological review considering neotropical mammals and birds(Asociacion Espanola de Ecologia Terrestre, 2018-01-01) Pelegrin, J. S.; Gamboa, Sara; Menéndez, Iris; Hernández Fernández, ManuelUnder classical point of view, the formation of the Panama Isthmus during Pliocene (3 Ma ago) would have allowed the species interchange between North America and South America. This ecological and evolutionary process named Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) would be determinant in the configuration of the current american biota. This process began to be studied with information from the fossil record in diverse taxa (especially mammals). Furthermore, information from extant species, biogeographic aspects, phylogenetical analysis, a constant growing of fossil record, as well as a significant increase in the geological knowledge of the zone, have allowed us to propose scenarios for a high complexity GABI processes and suggest a scenario of less isolation for South America during the Cenozoic. The most recent evidence derived from studies in birds and mammals point to multiple colonization events since the late Oligocene with the entry of some bird groups, and later along the Miocene with the colonization of lineages in both taxa, these events were previous to what has usually been considered for the interchange process. The fully established GABI is constituted by 4 phases along the Plio-Pleistocene, in each one of them, different waves of colonization were presented between both continents in a great diversity of lineages. Also during Pleistocene-Holocene several processes of extinction were evidenced, the explanation of which were the determining factors in these processes have been cause of debate, this aspect is discussed in our paper, showing through the evidence an important paradigm with explanations based on the relevance of paleogeographic factors and environmental changes in the adaptation processes to biomes. Thus, we leave the classical idea of ecological competition between northern and southern species. In conclusion, the process turns out to be a complex network of biotic interactions conditioned mainly by changing abiotic factors during the paleoenvironmental configuration of the Americas. © 2018 Los Autores. Editado por la AEET. [Ecosistemas no se hace responsable del uso indebido de material sujeto a derecho de autor]Item Macroevolutionary processes in turtles (Testudines): a view from biomic specialization and historical climatic changes(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Thomas, Juan S.; Gamboa, Sara; Hernández Fernández, Manuel; Murillo, Oscar; Pelegrin, Jonathan S.The resource-use hypothesis proposed by Elisabeth S. Vrba suggests that lineages display varying tendencies toward generalism or specialization in biome occupancy, with a tendency towards the accumulation of specialists due to their higher rate of speciation through vicariance. It also posits differences in biome occupancy patterns driven by the environmental characteristics of biomes, with a higher presence of biome specialist species in biomes that are placed in the extremes of the global climatic gradients. Here, we tested this hypothesis in turtles, a very ancient and morphologically stable lineage, representing a remarkable diversity with 357 species, many of which are threatened with extinction. We analyzed the resource-use hypothesis in a phylogenetic context within the Testudines lineage. For this purpose, a presence/absence matrix was compiled for all species across all 10 terrestrial biomes. Their distribution across biomes was contrasted with 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations. The relationship between diversification rates and both the biomic specialization index and the biomes occupied by specialists species was evaluated. The results demonstrate strong consistency with Vrba`s hypothesis, revealing a higher number of biome specialist species than expected by chance, with a significant accumulation of species in tropical ecosystems. These trends also were observed for ecological groups (terrestrial and freshwater species). In addition, higher diversification rates were observed for biome specialist species, although the particular biome occupied did not significantly influence their diversification rates.Item Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases(2023-05-01) Pelegrin, Jonathan S.; Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Gamboa, Sara; Menéndez, Iris; Fernández, Manuel HernándezBiomes are climatically and biotically distinctive macroecological units that formed over geological time scales. Their features consolidate them as ‘evolutionary scenarios’, with their own diversification dynamics. Under the concept of phylogenetic niche conservatism, we assessed, for the first time, the evolution of biome occupation in birds. We aimed to analyse patterns of adaptation to different climatic regimes and the determinant factors for colonization of emerging biomes by clades from different ancestral biomes. In this work, we reconstructed the biome occupation history of two clades of birds (Galliformes and Falconiformes) under an integrative perspective through a comprehensive review of ecological, phylogenetic, palaeontological and biogeographical evidence. Our findings for both groups are consistent with a scenario of phylogenetic biome conservatism and highlight the importance of changes in climate during the Miocene in the adaptation and evolution of climatic niches. In particular, our results indicate high biome conservatism associated with biomes situated in some of the extremes of the global climate gradient (evergreen tropical rainforest, steppe and tundra) for both bird taxa. Finally, the historical dynamics of tropical seasonal biomes, such as tropical deciduous woodlands and savannas, appear to have played a preponderant role during the diversification processes of these bird lineages.