Browsing by Author "Chavez, Monica"
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Item Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates That Colonize Medical Students in a Hospital of the City of Cali, Colombia(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Collazos Marín, Luis Fernando; Estupiñan Arciniegas, Gina; Chavez, MonicaIntroduction. Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a risk for the spread of bacteria. This study characterized the S. aureus isolated from medical students, who were in their clinical rotation at a hospital in the city of Cali. Materials and Methods. 216 students participated in the study and 63 isolates of S. aureus were evaluated for susceptibility and PCR amplification of agr and mecA genes. The origin of MRSA isolates was established by analyzing agr polymorphisms. Results. A total of 29.2% of students were colonized by S. aureus and nasal carriage rate was 23.6% and 14.3% MRSA. Three agr groups (agr II, and agr III) were identified; the agr I group was the most common, with a 35% prevalence; this group is from community origin. Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that medical students carry S. aureus strains, with the threat of spreading them both to community and hospital environments. © 2015 Luis Fernando Collazos Marín et al.Item Molecular markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2017-01-30) Prado-Díaz, Alfredo; Castillo, Andrés; Rojas-Gómez, Diana Marcela; Chavez, MonicaIntroduction: Despite important progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis, the mortality rates caused by this condition remain high. Objective: To describe the state of the art on molecular biomarkers proposed as potential markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Materials and methods: The terms sepsis, genetic polymorphisms, genetic variation and molecular marker were analyzed in the records of the last 14 years of PubMed, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) and Illinois Automatic Computer (ILLIAC). The papers were classified by year of publication; only those published within the last 10 years were taken into account. Results: The search yielded 3390 references covering more than 30 genes with genetic polymorphisms that can be used as potential polymorphism markers. They were assessed for use in different manifestations, diagnosis and progression of sepsis. Twenty genetic markers are described: four associated with bacteremia (TLR-1, TLR-2, Protein C and Selectin-E), nine with sepsis (IL-1B, IL-1A, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-1, MBL-1, Hsp70, PAI-1 and MIF-1), seven with severe sepsis (IL-1RN, IL-10, TNF-α, CD14, TREM-1, Caspase 12 and DEFB-1), five with septic shock (TNF-B, TLR-4, Hsp70, MBL- 1 and CD14), and three with multiorgan dysfunction (TLR-1, PAI-1 and Protein C). Conclusion: In general, genetic polymorphisms have been clinically tested as diagnostic and prognostic markers of sepsis with promising results due to the high specificity and sensitivity of the clinical practice. © 2017, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.