Browsing by Author "Castillo, Andrés"
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Item Human papillomavirus in upper digestive tract tumors from three countries(2011-12-28) Castillo, Andrés; Koriyama, Chihaya; Higashi, Michiyo; Anwar, Muhammad Maqsood; Bukhari, Mulazim Hussain; Carrascal, Edwin; Mancilla, Lida I.; Matsumoto, Matsutaka; Sugihara, Kazumasa; Natsugoe, Shoji; Eizuru, Yoshito; Akiba, Suminori; Okumura, HiroshiAIM: To clarify human papillomavirus (HPV) involvement in carcinogenesis of the upper digestive tract of virological and pathological analyses. METHODS: The present study examined the presence of HPV in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity (n = 71), and esophagus (n = 166) collected from Japan, Pakistan and Colombia, with different HPV exposure risk and genetic backgrounds. The viral load and physical status of HPV16 and HPV16-E6 variants were examined. Comparison of p53 and p16INK4a expression in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases was also made. RESULTS: HPV16 was found in 39 (55%) oral carcinomas (OCs) and 24 (14%) esophageal carcinomas (ECs). This site-specific difference in HPV detection between OCs and ECs was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the geographical distribution of HPV16-E6 variants. Multiple infections of different HPV types were found in 13 ECs, but multiple infections were not found in OCs. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The geometric means (95% confidence interval) of HPV16 viral load in OCs and ECs were 0.06 (0.02-0.18) and 0.12 (0.05-0.27) copies per cell, respectively. The expression of p16INK4a proteins was increased by the presence of HPV in ECs (53% and 33% in HPV-positive and -negative ECs, respectively; P = 0.036), and the high-risk type of the HPV genome was not detected in surrounding normal esophageal mucosa of HPV-positive ECs. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we cannot deny the possibility of HPV16 involvement in the carcinogenesis of the esophagus. © 2011 Baishideng. All rights reserved.Item Molecular markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2017-01-30) Prado-Díaz, Alfredo; Castillo, Andrés; Rojas-Gómez, Diana Marcela; Chavez, MonicaIntroduction: Despite important progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis, the mortality rates caused by this condition remain high. Objective: To describe the state of the art on molecular biomarkers proposed as potential markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Materials and methods: The terms sepsis, genetic polymorphisms, genetic variation and molecular marker were analyzed in the records of the last 14 years of PubMed, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) and Illinois Automatic Computer (ILLIAC). The papers were classified by year of publication; only those published within the last 10 years were taken into account. Results: The search yielded 3390 references covering more than 30 genes with genetic polymorphisms that can be used as potential polymorphism markers. They were assessed for use in different manifestations, diagnosis and progression of sepsis. Twenty genetic markers are described: four associated with bacteremia (TLR-1, TLR-2, Protein C and Selectin-E), nine with sepsis (IL-1B, IL-1A, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-1, MBL-1, Hsp70, PAI-1 and MIF-1), seven with severe sepsis (IL-1RN, IL-10, TNF-α, CD14, TREM-1, Caspase 12 and DEFB-1), five with septic shock (TNF-B, TLR-4, Hsp70, MBL- 1 and CD14), and three with multiorgan dysfunction (TLR-1, PAI-1 and Protein C). Conclusion: In general, genetic polymorphisms have been clinically tested as diagnostic and prognostic markers of sepsis with promising results due to the high specificity and sensitivity of the clinical practice. © 2017, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.