Browsing by Author "Cassiany Salgado, Karl Dionisio"
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Item Obtención de Carbón Activado a partir del tratamiento químico de cáscaras de coco para la descontaminación in-vitro de Acetaminofén en agua(Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2025-11-28) Aponza Banguero, Luis Fernando; Cassiany Salgado, Karl Dionisio; Ciro Monsalve, Yhors Alexander (Director)This study presents the synthesis of activated carbon from coconut shells by chemical activation with phosphoric acid, as an alternative to the removal of acetaminophen in water. The process was conducted without thermal carbonization, yielding materials with an efficiency of 60.41%. To optimize the production of the adsorbent, a full factorial design (2³) was applied, allowing simultaneous evaluation of three independent variables: phosphoric acid concentration (20% and 40%), contact time (12 h and 24 h), and acid-to-precursor ratio (4:1 and 8:1). This experimental strategy enabled the identification of the most effective conditions for chemical activation. Characterization via Boehm titration and zero point of charge (pHpzc) revealed a predominance of carboxylic and phenolic groups, promoting non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms. The evaluation of adsorption capacity showed that materials M2 and M4 achieved removal rates above 56% and adsorption capacities exceeding 4.2 mg of acetaminophen per gram of carbon, correlated with their surface acidity and low pHpzc values. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences compared to the control material, and the factorial design identified phosphoric acid concentration and acid-to-precursor ratio as key variables influencing process efficiency. These results position the precursor impregnated with H PO without thermal activation of coconut as a viable, economical and sustainable solution for the removal of emerging contaminants. Further studies are recommended, including kinetic and thermodynamic analyses, adjustments to isotherm models, pilot tests in real matrices, and exploration of synergies with other adsorbent materials to validate industrial applications and expand its potential in diverse environmental contexts.